Open research Europe最新文献

{"title":"How do we measure the costs, benefits, and harms of sharing data from biomedical studies? A protocol for a scoping review.","authors":"Lauren Maxwell, Priya Shreedhar, Ankur Krishnan","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.16063.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.16063.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The benefits of sharing participant-level data, including clinical or epidemiological data, genomic data, high-dimensional imaging data, or human-derived samples, from biomedical studies have been widely touted and may be taken for granted. As investments in data sharing and reuse efforts continue to grow, understanding the cost and positive and negative effects of data sharing for research participants, the general public, individual researchers, research and development, clinical practice, and public health is of growing importance. In this scoping review, we will identify and summarize existing evidence on the positive and negative impacts and costs of data sharing and how they are measured.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>Eligible studies will report on qualitative or quantitative approaches for measuring the cost of data sharing or its impact on participant privacy, individual or public health, researcher's careers, clinical or public health practice, or research or development. The systematic search strategy uses MeSH and text terms and is tailored for Ovid Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science. We will apply the Arskey and O'Malley scoping review methodology. We selected a scoping rather than a systematic review approach to address multiple related questions and provide guidance related to an emerging field. Two reviewers will conduct the title-abstract and full-text screening and data charting independently. Discrepancies will be resolved through consensus and results will be summarized in a narrative form.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Research participants, investigators, regulatory groups, ethics review committees, data protection officers, and funders cannot make informed decisions or policies about data reuse without appropriate means of measuring the effects, positive or negative, and cost of data sharing.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"3 ","pages":"151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systems Leadership: a qualitative systematic review of advice for policymakers.","authors":"Paul Cairney, Claire Toomey","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18982.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18982.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>'Systems leadership' research rejects the idea that complex policy problems can be solved by a few heroic leaders in the centre of government or at the top of organisations. Many people need to contribute to systems leadership by collaborating to harness the skills of actors across government and outside of government. At times, this proposition is vague and it is difficult to know who should change or what to do. We searched the academic and grey literature for further advice on how to foster effective systems leadership.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a qualitative systematic review (2024) of peer reviewed journal articles (Web of Science) and grey literature reports (Policy Commons, Overton). Each text had to inform advice on systems leadership. We used an immersive inductive approach to identify key sources of ideas, highlight common themes, and relate the results to insights from policy theories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>84 texts met the inclusion criteria (39 Web of Science, 34 Policy Commons, 11 Overton), then we included 80 snowballed academic and grey references (total 164). Some relate leadership to complexity theory, but most provide broad accounts of systems leadership that emphasise decentralisation and collaboration. These accounts describe high aspirations and essential skills but limited evidence from activity. Nevertheless, this literature helps us produce a coherent synthesis of common insights and advice on how to foster systems leadership.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identify key features of systems leadership: reject heroic top-down leadership and central control in favour of collaboration across boundaries; develop attributes (e.g. humility), mindsets (e.g. big picture), and skills (e.g. facilitation) to act in complex systems (albeit without a common view on what a complex system is); and, seek organisational and political support for this approach. Some accounts identify barriers to systems leadership and negative experiences, while others redefine such obstacles as learning opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11862379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STRAIGHTMORPH: A Voice Morphing Tool for Research in Voice Communication Sciences.","authors":"P Belin, H Kawahara","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18055.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18055.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this paper is to make easily available to the scientific community an efficient voice morphing tool called STRAIGHTMORPH and provide a short tutorial on its use with examples. STRAIGHTMORPH consists of a set of Matlab functions allowing the generation of high-quality, parametrically-controlled morphs of an arbitrary number of voice samples. A first step consists in extracting an 'mObject' for each voice sample, with accurate tracking of the fundamental frequency contour and manual definition of Time and Frequency anchors corresponding across samples to be morphed. The second step consists in parametrically combining the mObjects to generate novel synthetic stimuli, such as gender, identity or emotion continua, or random combinations. STRAIGHTMORPH constitutes a simple but efficient and versatile tool to generate high quality, parametrically controlled continua between voices - and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential of blockchain technology for citizen engagement in smart governance.","authors":"Niccolò Testi, Rebecca Marconi, Edna Pasher","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.16153.3","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.16153.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review article explores the potential of blockchain technology (BCT) as a key enabler for fostering transparency, trust, and citizen engagement in smart governance within smart cities. By examining the benefits of BCT in various aspects of smart city systems, such as data security and privacy, the paper highlights the advantages of implementing consortium blockchain architecture and the Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus algorithm and discusses the challenges of scalability and security concerns. Based on the literature showed in this article, we believe that the use of BCT in smart governance could significantly enhance citizen participation and help manage and deliver public services, paving the way for more effective decision-making processes and improved quality of life for citizens.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"3 ","pages":"183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separation Time of Aluminothermic Reduction Products for Sustainable Silicon Production.","authors":"Javier Bullón, Óscar Crego, José Luis Ferrín, Dolores Gómez, Iván Martínez, Luis Javier Pérez-Pérez","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18833.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.18833.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This work was carried out within the framework of the SisAl Pilot project, which is devoted to the environmentally friendly production of silicon. This new method relies on the aluminothermic reduction of quartz in slag, offering a more sustainable alternative to the traditional reduction of silica with carbon in submerged arc furnaces.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The process takes place in a rotary kiln producing silicon (Si) and alumina slag (actually, a CaO - Al ₂O ₃ slag), which must be separated at the end to extract the silicon. This separation process is analyzed through mathematical modelling and numerical simulation, as it is of industrial interest to know how much time it takes for Si and CaO - Al ₂O ₃ slag to separate once the process has ended. Generally, a multiphase flow model is used to estimate the separation time of the two components once aluminothermic reduction has ended.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several scenarios are considered for the numerical simulation of the separation time, namely different initial configurations and material properties of both fluids are covered. Moreover, the separation times obtained with two distinct multiphase flow models -VOF (volume of fluid) and Eulerian- are compared.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The separation times resulting from simulations using the multiphase Eulerian model are more realistic compared to those from the VOF model, which clearly tends to underestimate separation times. Furthermore, apart from the selected multiphase flow model, the density difference between silicon and alumina slag plays a critical role in determining the separation time.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How science and policy came together and made a global impact: The EU common list of COVID-19 antigen tests.","authors":"Barbara Raffael, Mauro Petrillo, Gabriele Leoni, Tobias Wiesenthal, Yoline Kuipers, Maddalena Querci","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18267.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18267.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Science can play a pivotal role in providing support to public health policy making processes, and to ensure effective and efficient implementation of policies. This work illustrates how science was integrated into policymaking during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, in relation to countries' COVID-19 antigen testing strategies as well as the implementation of Regulation (EU) 2021/953 on the EU Digital COVID Certificate. The lessons learnt during this process as well as the critical steps taken, and concrete recommendations, have been identified and capitalised and turned into a list of science-based advice. The availability of an already established mechanism that can be quickly adapted in case of need, is likely to be highly beneficial in case of a future public health emergency.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracellular dry mass density increases under growth-induced pressure.","authors":"Hyojun Kim, Baptiste Alric, Nolan Chan, Julien Roul, Morgan Delarue","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18557.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18557.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cells that proliferate in confined environments develop mechanical compressive stress, referred to as growth-induced pressure, which inhibits growth and division across various organisms. Recent studies have shown that in these confined spaces, the diffusivity of intracellular nanoparticles decreases. However, the physical mechanisms behind this reduction remain unclear. In this study, we use quantitative phase imaging to measure the refractive index and dry mass density of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> cells proliferating under confinement in a microfluidic bioreactor. Our results indicate that the observed decrease in diffusivity could be attributed to the intracellular accumulation of macromolecules. Furthermore, the linear scaling between cell content and growth-induced pressure suggests that the concentrations of macromolecules and osmolytes are maintained proportionally under such pressure in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming the Silencing of Doxycycline-Inducible Promoters in hiPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes.","authors":"Michelle Guichardaz, Sveva Bottini, Elisa Balmas, Alessandro Bertero","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19024.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19024.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are pivotal for studying human development, modeling diseases, and advancing regenerative medicine. Effective control of transgene expression is crucial to achieve temporal and quantitative precision in all of these contexts. The doxycycline (dox)-inducible OPTi-OX system, which integrates the Tet-On 3G transactivator and dox-responsive transgene at the <i>hROSA26</i> and <i>AAVS1</i> genomic safe harbors (GSHs), respectively, offers a promising solution. Yet, transgene silencing, particularly in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), limits its utility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this, we evaluated strategies to enhance dox-inducible transgene expression. We compared two promoters, TRE3VG and T11, for activity and stability, and investigated the addition of a Ubiquitous Chromatin Opening Element (UCOE) to reduce silencing. We also tested relocating the transgene cassette to the <i>CLYBL</i> GSH, and employed sodium butyrate (SB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, to restore promoter activity. Transgene expression was assessed <i>via</i> flow cytometry and real-time quantitative PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TRE3VG exhibited higher activity than T11, but both were prone to silencing. UCOE did not enhance promoter activity in hiPSCs, but modestly reduced silencing in hiPSC-CMs. Targeting the <i>CLYBL</i> locus improved promoter activity compared to <i>AAVS1</i> in both hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs. SB restored activity in silenced inducible promoters within hiPSC-CMs, but compromised hiPSC viability. Unexpectedly, Tet-On 3G was silenced in some clones and could not be reactivated by SB.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the need for integrating multiple strategies, including careful GSH selection, improved cassette design, epigenetic modulation, and clone screening, to develop robust dox-inducible systems that retain functionality during hiPSC differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11803382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MultiOptForest: An interactive multi-objective optimization tool for forest planning and scenario analysis.","authors":"Kyle Eyvindson, Daniel Burgas, Clara Antón-Fernández, Jussi Hakanen, Michael Emmerich, Julian Klein, Mikko Mönkkönen, Tord Snäll, Astor Toraño Caicoya, Marta Vergarechea, Clemens Blattert","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.15812.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.15812.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MultiOptForest is an open-source software designed to simplify building and solving multi-objective optimization problems for forest planning. It aims to find the optimal portfolio of management regimes that balance the objectives regarding multiple forest ecosystem services and biodiversity. The software flexibly imports data, allowing for the use of a variety of forest simulator outputs. The user provides preference information through a user-friendly graphical interface, where the range of possible values for each objective is provided. MultiOptForest solves the optimization problem producing a set of Pareto optimal solutions, <i>i.e.,</i> solutions where none of the objectives can be improved without compromising others. MultiOptForest is versatile enough to design a Pareto optimal forest plan for a small holding to assess management and the trade-off between multiple policy objectives impacting the future development of forests across regions and countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"3 ","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) Science: Planetary and Cometary Atmospheres.","authors":"Martin Cordiner, Alexander Thelen, Thibault Cavalie, Richard Cosentino, Leigh N Fletcher, Mark Gurwell, Katherine de Kleer, Yi-Jehng Kuan, Emmanuel Lellouch, Arielle Moullet, Conor Nixon, Imke de Pater, Nicholas Teanby, Bryan Butler, Steven Charnley, Stefanie Milam, Raphael Moreno, Mark Booth, Pamela Klaassen, Claudia Cicone, Tony Mroczkowski, Luca Di Mascolo, Doug Johnstone, Eelco van Kampen, Minju Lee, Daizhong Liu, Thomas Maccarone, Amelie Saintonge, Matthew Smith, Sven Wedemeyer","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17473.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.17473.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of planets and small bodies within our Solar System is fundamental for understanding the formation and evolution of the Earth and other planets. Compositional and meteorological studies of the giant planets provide a foundation for understanding the nature of the most commonly observed exoplanets, while spectroscopic observations of the atmospheres of terrestrial planets, moons, and comets provide insights into the past and present-day habitability of planetary environments, and the availability of the chemical ingredients for life. While prior and existing (sub)millimeter observations have led to major advances in these areas, progress is hindered by limitations in the dynamic range, spatial and temporal coverage, as well as sensitivity of existing telescopes and interferometers. Here, we summarize some of the key planetary science use cases that factor into the design of the Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST), a proposed 50-m class single dish facility: (1) to more fully characterize planetary wind fields and atmospheric thermal structures, (2) to measure the compositions of icy moon atmospheres and plumes, (3) to obtain detections of new, astrobiologically relevant gases and perform isotopic surveys of comets, and (4) to perform synergistic, temporally-resolved measurements in support of dedicated interplanetary space missions. The improved spatial coverage (several arcminutes), resolution (~ 1.2″ - 12″), bandwidth (several tens of GHz), dynamic range (~ 10 ⁵) and sensitivity (~ 1 mK km s ^-1) required by these science cases would enable new insights into the chemistry and physics of planetary environments, the origins of prebiotic molecules and the habitability of planetary systems in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11297396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}