Open research Europe最新文献

{"title":"The myth of the De Geer Zone: a change of paradigm for the opening of the Fram Strait.","authors":"Jean-Baptiste P Koehl","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.16791.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16791.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cenozoic rifting in the Arctic and the resulting opening of the Labrador Sea and the Fram Strait are typically associated with the movement of the Svalbard Archipelago c. 400 km southwards and its separation from Greenland. Thus far, most of this tectonic displacement was ascribed to lateral movement along the N-S-striking De Geer Zone, a thousand-kilometer-long paleo-transform fault believed to extend from northwestern Norway to northern Greenland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study presents a new interpretation of tectonic structures on seismic reflection data north and west of Svalbard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study reports the presence of two km-thick, hundreds of kilometers long, E-W- to WNW-ESE-striking shear zones, northwest and west of the island of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, in the Norwegian Arctic. Contractional structures within the shear zones, their strike, the inferred transport direction, and the great depth at which they are found indicate that they formed during the Timanian Orogeny in the late Neoproterozoic (c. 650-550 Ma). These structures extend at least 80-90 km west of the coastline of Spitsbergen. The presence of continuous, late Neoproterozoic Timanian thrusts this far west of Spitsbergen invalidates the occurrence of c. 400 km lateral movements along the N-S-striking De Geer Zone along the western Barents Sea-Svalbard margin in the Cenozoic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present results suggest that the De Geer Zone does not exist and that related fault complexes (e.g., Hornsund Fault Complex) did not accommodate any strike-slip movement. In addition, the formation of major NW-SE-striking transform faults in the Fram Strait was controlled by late Neoproterozoic Timanian thrust systems. The present results call for major revisions of all current plate tectonics models for the opening of the Fram Strait and Arctic tectonics in the Cenozoic and for critical reviews of major fault zones inferred from indirect observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12033982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Materiality of Memorialization: Mapping Migrant Women's Landmarks in Europe.","authors":"Bénédicte Miyamoto, Maija Ojala-Fulwood, Veronika Čapská, Fiona Eva Bakas, Igor Lyman, María Amor Barros-Del Río, Maria Bostenaru Dan, Alba Comino, Pirita Frigren, Victoria Konstantinova, Heidi Martins, Lívia Prosinger, Pauliina Räsänen, Biljana Ristovska-Josifovska, Marie Ruiz","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18433.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18433.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article investigates the memorialization of migrant women across transcultural landscapes, and analyses results from the Register of Migrant Women Landmarks in Europe (hereinafter RMWLE), central to the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action project \"Women on the Move\" (CA19112 - WEMov). It serves as reference for subsequent research based on data from this Register, for which data collection is continuing. The RMWLE registers landmarks, such as monuments, plaques, streets and other toponymic infrastructures named after women with a significant history of migration. It honours aspects rarely prioritized in memorialization agendas, which are skewed towards men's stories, and towards the more linear biographies of sedentary figures whose European, national, and regional memorialization have remained uncomplicated by migration. This Deep Data study reveals recurring patterns at the level of Europe in the memorialization of these women migrants. The diversity of stories, the richness and the prominence of landmarks devoted to men compared to women is a subject well-covered in memorialization studies. This unbalance is compounded by the data from our register which shows landmarks on women migrants that are sometime tokenized, often marginalized, and which reproduce the bias towards nurture and care that have besieged the memorialization of women in general. It further shows that the memorialization process and the political and cultural mechanisms of official commemoration often work against the recognition of cross-border careers and stories. The intersectionality of the project, highlighting both gender and migration, uncovers a political landscape of landmarks - and we reflect on how this register can help combat cultural prejudice by recovering migration episodes. The RMWLE helps us reflect on the defining impact of migration episodes, a reality rarely underlined in the biographies of famous women. This article calls for a storytelling approach, to counter dominant cultural narratives and knowledge practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on <i>Blastocystis</i>: highlights from the Fourth International <i>Blastocystis</i> Conference.","authors":"Ana M Figueiredo, Daisy Shaw, Varol Tunali, Eleni Gentekaki, Anastasios D Tsaousis, David Carmena","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19168.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19168.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While the stramenopile <i>Blastocystis</i>, first discovered in 1911, is considered the most prevalent enteric protist in humans, its biology remains largely unexplored. Clinical studies have only recently begun investigating the role of <i>Blastocystis</i> in the gut and its relationship with the gut microbiome, and whether it plays a pathogenic role in human and animal health. Aiming to gather leading researchers in the field to encourage and stimulate cross-disciplinary dialogue while fostering long-term international collaborations, the Fourth International <i>Blastocystis</i> Conference was hosted from the 17 ^th to the 19 ^th of September 2024 in Heraklion (Crete, Greece). The event was mainly supported by the COST Action CA21105, \" <i>Blastocystis</i> under One Health\", and the Microbiology Society. The multi- and interdisciplinary conference programme covered all aspects related to <i>Blastocystis</i> evolutionary biology and advances in omics, intestinal ecology (gut microbiome), clinical significance and association with disease, diagnosis and molecular characterisation, as well as epidemiology and One Health. The high-quality presentations discussed at the conference provided researchers with a synthesis of recent advancements, while key research questions, knowledge gaps, and future steps in <i>Blastocystis</i> research were identified. Herein, we aim to provide a thorough overview of the presentations at the conference. The COST Action CA21105, <i>\"Blastocystis</i> under One Health\", will build on the insights and collaborations fostered during the conference, promoting integrative research approaches, advancing our understanding of <i>Blastocystis</i>, and driving future efforts to translate these findings into improved public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AgriPV system with climate, water and light spectrum control for safe, healthier and improved crop production.","authors":"Miray Çelikbilek Ersundu, Ali Erçin Ersundu, Colin Osborne, Maria Ruiz","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18876.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.18876.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The PV4Plants project aims to optimise the synergy between agriculture and photovoltaic (agriPV) systems to improve crop yield, land use efficiency, and renewable energy conversion. Using cutting-edge nanoparticles coated between PV panels to optimise light transmission, the system tailors conditions for specific crops and climatic regions. Demonstrations in Türkiye, Spain, and Denmark test the adaptability and effectiveness of these systems, to evaluate improvements in crop health and renewable energy output. Central to the project are efforts to increase recyclability and promote farmer engagement through innovative financing models and policy recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Force majeure impact on citizen science: Perspective from an EU funded project.","authors":"Huma Shah, M Pocs, J Vallverdu, M Hinsenkamp, Tiberius Ignat, Maayan Zhitomirsky-Geffet","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19184.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19184.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Management of citizen science engagement during a force majeure needs very careful consideration in order not to lose precious time. This paper serves as a guide for pro-action in the event of another virus-enforced stay-at-home, movement-control order and presents necessary changes undertaken by an international collaboration during a once-in-a-hundred years' pandemic that reduced face-to-face public interactions. Overcoming challenges imposed under force majeure conditions, a citizen science project funded under the EU Horizon2020 research and innovation scheme SwafS15-2019, rethought experiential learning through volunteering screen time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mitigation measures, to limit the handicap of moving to online working reducing potential for learning through synchronous live engagement, included creation of an interactive multilingual informal five-step learning resource (CSI-COP MOOC: 'Your Right to Privacy Online'), adapting Greenpeace's 'Big Plastic Count' to an online 'Big Cookie Count' event, as well as webinars organised by project partners in their local language, Newsletters, provided opportunities for the general public to gain vital knowledge about protecting personal data and preserving online privacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over one-hundred and ninety members of the public who completed CSI-COP's MOOC with a certificate, participated in one-to-one online 'walk through' training sessions in local languages joined the project, through GDPR-compliant written informed consent, as citizen scientists. The acquisition of practical skills by these individuals enabled investigations of websites they visited and apps they used to record third-party cookies or third-party requests for personal data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The effective reorganisation of CSI-COP activities to online, then hybrid once COVID-19 restrictions were lifted, ensured the expected deliverables were produced. Citizen scientists' contributions realised a searchable Repository of investigated websites and apps, a Taxonomy of tracking cookies, two policy briefs on improving monitoring of GDPR compliance, and Guidelines to address the 'legitimate interest' principle used by third parties to gather personal data online.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microhomology-mediated end-joining Knock-In approaches to delete the allergenic domain of trout <i>parvalbumin beta-1</i>. Preliminary results in F0 animals and feedback.","authors":"Veronique Lebret, Cecile Duret, Amaury Herpin, Pierre-Yves Rescan","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18223.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18223.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gene editing techniques offer new opportunities to improve important traits in aquaculture. The allergenicity of fish flesh is a major problem in aquaculture. Parvalbumin (Parv) is the most prevalent fish allergen. For instance, in salmonids, a single parvalbumin beta-1 protein (parvb1) has been identified as an allergen in specific patients. Therefore, generating trout carrying two parvb1 alleles deleted from the allergenic peptide-encoding region could prevent allergies in these sensitive individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we describe the application of the Crispr/cas9 system in an attempt to delete parvb1 exon 2 encoding the allergenic peptide and, alternatively, to replace exon 2 of parvb1 with exon2 of parvalbumin beta-2 protein (parvb2,) which does not encode the allergenic peptide. Exon skipping and swapping were pursued through microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) knock-In using specifically designed double-stranded donor DNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genotyping of approximately 200 F0 fingerlings originating from eggs injected with donor DNA designed for exon 2 skipping led to the identification of only one animal carrying an allele lacking exon 2. Genotyping of approximately 150 fingerlings originating from eggs injected with donor DNA for exon 2 swapping did not result in any trout carrying the expected modified allele.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These preliminary results indicate the potential difficulties associated with the MMEJ KI experiments performed in farmed fish. Finally, new genomic techniques in aquaculture are further discussed in the context of lively debates taking place in the European parliament regarding a possible revision of the current law that determines the legal status of farm animals modified by genome editing. Gene editing, microhomology-mediated end-joining knock-in, parvalbumin, allergenicity, trout, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs).</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and additive manufacturing of a lightweight aerospace electric actuator.","authors":"Borja Lizarribar Carrillo, Borja Prieto, Miguel Martínez-Iturralde, Javier García Goikoetxea, Sergio Montes, Ekain San José","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17752.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.17752.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ambitious electrification targets set for the aeronautical sector are leading to a thorough research into improving the performance of different electromechanical components. In this regard, Additive Manufacturing is gaining strength due to the positive physical properties of the processed parts and the freedom in manufacturable geometries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thus, this article presents the design of an electric actuator for an aerospace active sidestick in which Additive Manufacturing is used with the aim of minimising the mass and power consumption of the device. The electromagnetic design of the actuator is detailed, considering 8 different permanent magnet machine topologies, and a mechanical design applying Topology Optimisation to reduce the overall mass of the component is carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three prototypes involving the rotor, the stator and the casing are manufactured via Laser Powder Bed Fusion in stainless steel and Permendur (Fe ₄₉Co ₄₉V ₂) and the corresponding actuators are experimentally tested, showing a great agreement between tests and simulations and excellent repeatability in the electromagnetic behaviour of the prototypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The research results highlight the great potential of Additive Manufacturing to manufacture functional electrical machine components.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science at the Secretariat of the International Seabed Authority: post-normal science for recalibration of policy instruments.","authors":"Aistė Klimašauskaitė, Paul Dees, Silvio Oscar Funtowicz, Laura Elisabet Drivdal, Ola G Berta","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18879.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18879.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-normal conditions require post-normal resolutions. When stakes are high and values are disputed, policy discussions and decisions cannot rely on science alone. Such discussions require <i>post-normal science</i>, which centralizes the qualitative value of diverse knowledge groups. In this essay we discuss the usefulness of post-normal science in the context of the Secretariat's work at the International Seabed Authority. In particular, we explore the need to expand the understanding of science and knowledge - key components informing deep-seabed policies. Marine science encompasses a broad range of research topics and interests - from blue humanities with analyses of human-Ocean relations, to physics of particulate matter, to marine policy research. The growing number of disciplines applied to marine science demonstrates our increasing collective knowledge of the Ocean and, in turn, our appreciation of knowledge limitations. Such knowledge challenges are discussed among natural and social scientists. The Secretariat depends on broad expertise, from natural sciences, social sciences, civil society and beyond. In sum, our thesis is the following: we argue that <i>post-normal science</i> can help metaphorically recalibrate policy-shaping instruments (the practice) so that decision-making processes and policy agendas are implemented for transformative actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12219538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asking the experts: A focus group and review on eyewitness memory in the multicultural context of South Africa.","authors":"Laura Anne Weiss, Eva A J van Rosmalen, Annelies Vredeveldt","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19633.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19633.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this study was to create a theoretical overview of cultural differences and intercultural communication in eyewitness interviews in a multicultural context. Specifically, we focused on the context of South Africa, one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a critical review of the relevant literature and organized a focus group with 12 international experts from different academic fields and cultural informants from South Africa to identify and deepen our understanding of cultural factors that may play a role in eyewitness interviews. We differentiated between eyewitness factors (e.g., emotional response) and the interaction between interviewer and eyewitness (e.g., miscommunication).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main factors that emerged from the analysis were: individualism/collectivism, perception and presentation of facts, influence of demographics, presentation of self and personal style, subjective descriptions, emotional response, language, influencing behaviors in high-/low-context cultures, characteristics of the interaction and miscommunication. Each of these factors has a number of subcategories.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present article contributes to our understanding of cultural differences in eyewitness memory and intercultural communication by systematically collecting and analysing expert knowledge and situating it within the existing literature for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11979577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paraphrase and translation: the importance of being close.","authors":"Diana Santos, Anabela Barreiro","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19108.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19108.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores the concept of paraphrasing within computational linguistics, seeking to enrich its understanding by drawing parallels with translation studies and especially machine translation. It highlights the existence of two distinct yet related tasks: paraphrase generation and paraphrase detection, as well as points out the many (sometimes implicit) contact points in evaluation in both translation and paraphrasing. We claim that the concept of near-synonymy or near- equivalence is a shared concern of both disciplines, and its formalization should be pursued.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}