Open research Europe最新文献

{"title":"Divergence and aggregation of ESG ratings: A survey.","authors":"Arianna Agosto, Alessandra Tanda","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19238.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19238.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This paper reviews the existing literature on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings divergence and aggregation methods. It highlights the challenges posed by inconsistent ESG ratings and their implications for investment decisions.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>The study conducts a comprehensive review of prior research focusing on ESG ratings, examining their correlation levels and the methodologies employed to assess corporate sustainability. It also investigates traditional aggregation techniques and modern machine learning approaches used to address these inconsistencies.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The review reveals that ESG ratings exhibit a low level of correlation across different providers, raising concerns about their reliability as investment indicators. Although some studies propose advanced aggregation methods to enhance accuracy, significant gaps remain in understanding how to effectively consolidate ESG information to create a dependable sustainability indicator.</p><p><strong>Originality: </strong>This paper provides a critical analysis of the current state of ESG rating methodologies, emphasizing the need for improved aggregation strategies. It underscores the importance of future research in leveraging ESG data to develop more consistent and reliable measures of corporate sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12398680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of abortifacient agents in domestic ruminants, with a specific focus on <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>.","authors":"René van den Brom, Susan Neale, Elsa Jourdain, Anneleen Matthijs, Marcella Mori, Elodie Rousset, Katja Mertens-Scholz, Tom N McNeilly, Ana Hurtado","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19270.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19270.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Q fever is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium, <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>. In ruminants, <i>C. burnetii</i> can cause abortions, stillbirths, premature births, and weak offspring. As part of the EU-funded Q-Net-Assess International Coordination of Research on Infectious Animal Diseases (ICRAD)-project, aimed at generating the most comprehensive understanding of <i>C. burnetii</i> genetic variation to date and determining the implications of this genetic variation for zoonotic risk, pathogenicity and control of <i>C. burnetii</i> infection, we have reviewed the protocols reported by the different project partners and/or countries to diagnose abortion in domestic ruminants. As a result of this review, we have developed guidelines for the detection of abortifacient agents in domestic ruminants, with a special focus on <i>C. burnetii</i>. They include a description of the essential and complementary samples needed for a definitive diagnosis, the analytical techniques to be used, and the interpretation and validity of each type of sample and technique. The most comprehensive diagnostic approach to identify an infectious agent as the cause of abortion in ruminants would include histopathology, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), on the fetus and placental membranes, complemented by bacteriology, serology, and real-time PCR analyses of different types of samples. For the specific diagnosis of <i>C. burnetii</i> as the causative agent of abortion, we provide guidelines based on expert opinions for the interpretation of laboratory test results in relation to their diagnostic value.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12340485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving reproducibility in the innovation process.","authors":"Maurice Whelan, Eann Patterson","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19408.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19408.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reproducibility is essential for innovation but is often hard to achieve in practice. One reason for this is a lack of appreciation of what needs to be reproduced and how in each phase of the innovation process. In the discovery phase, conclusions need to be reproduced through orthogonal investigation. In the translation phase, key attributes and outputs of derived products or processes should be reproducible by defining transferable specifications and protocols, whereas in the application phase, the goal is to achieve reproducible performance in real-world environments through appropriate quality assurance systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12397739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A personalized mHealth intervention for the universal prevention of perinatal mental disorders in routine maternal care (e-Perinatal): A protocol study for a hybrid feasibility pilot trial.","authors":"Francisco J Nieto-Casado, Irene Gómez-Gómez, Ignacio Aznar-Lou, Carlos Barquero-Jiménez, Isabel Cáceres, Stephanie Carretero, Rosalba Company-Córdoba, Paula De-Juan-Iglesias, Sara Domínguez-Salas, José J Gil-Cosano, Lennert Goossens, Carmen Rodríguez-Domínguez, Emma Motrico","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.20386.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.20386.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The perinatal period is associated with an increased risk of new-onset depression and anxiety in both mothers and their partners. Despite the significant impact of perinatal mental disorders (PMD) on families and healthcare systems, access to mental health services remains limited due to structural barriers. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions offer a scalable and accessible strategy for universal prevention, but few have been integrated into routine maternal care and evaluated in real-world settings.</p><p><strong>Protocol: </strong>This study presents the protocol for a two-arm, cluster-randomised, hybrid type 1 pilot trial designed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of the e-Perinatal app, a personalised mHealth innovation for universal PMD prevention. Eight Primary Healthcare Centres in Andalusia, Spain, will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention or control arm. The intervention group will receive access to the e-Perinatal app along with specialised training in perinatal mental health for healthcare professionals involved in routine maternal care. The control group will receive routine maternal care along with monthly psychoeducational emails. A total of 96 pregnant or postpartum women (up to five months postpartum) and their partners will be recruited. Primary outcomes are feasibility and acceptability of the e-Perinatal app as a universal preventive intervention integrated within routine maternal care. Secondary outcomes include implementation measures (i.e., adoption, fidelity, and appropriateness) and preliminary effectiveness indicators (i.e., cumulative incidence of perinatal depression and anxiety, changes in symptoms severity, postnatal post-traumatic stress disorder, and subjective well-being). Additional outcomes include other implementation measures (e.g., participants experiences and reasons to dropout), family dynamics, infant development, app usability, and healthcare utilisation. Data will be analysed using mixed methods.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This pilot trial will provide key information on the feasibility of integrating a personalised mHealth intervention into routine maternal care, thereby informing the design of a subsequent large-scale trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12402766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent insights on direct democracy: Arguments, drivers, effects and conditions.","authors":"Caner Şimşek, João Limão, Inês Campos, Doris Fuchs, Bernd Schlipphak","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.20444.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.20444.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rooted in history, with origins tracing back to Athenian democracy in the 5th century BCE, direct democracy has gained renewed attention as a potential solution to the challenges of representative democracy. It is often seen as a means to reduce democratic deficits, enhance citizen participation, and legitimize political decisions. This study reviews recent literature on direct democracy, analyzing 46 articles published between 2016 and 2023 to map key themes and debates. While findings highlight its potential to strengthen participation, empower citizens, and align policies with public preferences, they also emphasize significant risks, including the marginalization of vulnerable groups and susceptibility to elite manipulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12368492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing Italy's rural landscape before the Great Acceleration: A geospatial baseline from the <i>Catasto Agrario</i> (1929).","authors":"Filippo Brandolini","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.20343.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.20343.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents a geospatial dataset detailing the rural landscape of Italy in the 1920s, based on the Catasto Agrario 1929 survey. The dataset integrates data from the survey into a Geographic Information System (GIS), providing insights into land use and land cover (LULC), demographic characteristics, livestock distribution, crop yields, and precipitation patterns. Historical data have been digitised using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and organised into a vector format, capturing the administrative boundaries of Italy's provinces as they were in the 1920s. By documenting Italy's rural landscape just before the onset of the Great Acceleration (ca. mid-20th century CE) the dataset offers a critical historical baseline for analysing long-term socio-environmental transformations. The research aims to facilitate future studies on the environmental impacts of Italy's rural transitions, offering an open-access resource that enables comparisons between past and present landscapes. It highlights the role of traditional agricultural practices, such as agroforestry, which were widespread before the shift towards modern monoculture systems. This dataset holds potential for applications in environmental sciences, historical geography, and heritage studies, providing a foundation for exploring sustainable agricultural practices and the enduring effects of rural depopulation and land-use change.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enacting semi-periphery: conditions of post-accession migration from Poland to the UK.","authors":"Viktoryia Vaitovich","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19457.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19457.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since Poland's accession to the EU in 2004, the sizeable community of Polish migrants in one of the top destination countries - the UK - have been subject to growing discrimination and hate speech in the form of negative media coverage, as well as unequal labour practices. This article explores the impact of the 2004 enlargement of the EU on the migratory experiences of Poles by examining the way the cross-EU free-movement regime contributes to their vulnerability and exploitation. It aims to uncover the way European integration explains the unequal treatment of Polish migrants in the 'old' Member States. The paper addresses the following questions: what factors have driven the increased number of Polish migrants in the UK in the context of the 2004 EU enlargement? Do economic discrepancies between the EU Member States, which fuel intra-EU migration, likewise shape migrant vulnerabilities? Adopting the theoretical lens of the World-Systems Analysis and the notion of biopower, this paper argues that the peripheral position of Poles in the EU single market during the early post-enlargement period has been reinforced by the migration experiences. This is an outcome of structural pressures that make the perspective of migration appear as aspirational and promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lexibank 2: pre-computed features for large-scale lexical data.","authors":"Frederic Blum, Carlos Barrientos, Johannes Englisch, Robert Forkel, Simon J Greenhill, Christoph Rzymski, Johann-Mattis List","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.20216.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.20216.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large-scale lexical and grammatical datasets nowadays play an important role in comparative linguistics. However, the lack of standardization remains a challenge exacerbating extension and reuse of published data. We present an updated version of Lexibank, a large-scale lexical dataset, expanding on previous efforts to standardize and unify cross-linguistic data. This new version includes over 3,100 languages and more than one-and-a-half million word forms, substantially broadening the scope and utility of the previous resource. Our dataset has been systematically curated using a dedicated computer-assisted workflow designed specifically for the lifting of published wordlist data to the standards recommended by the Cross-Linguistic Data Formats initiative. The expanded dataset features standardized references to language varieties, standardized semantic glosses that reference the concepts expressed by individual word forms, and standardized phonetic transcriptions for all word forms that our repository contains. Based on those standardizations we pre-compute semantic and phonological features, which can be used to carry out extensive automated analyses. We illustrate this potential by providing dedicated database queries to (1) infer words that are similar in pronunciation and meaning, (2) identify concepts that are colexified across languages in our sample, and (3) assess the semantic diversity of etymologically related words. These queries are not only fast to execute but also global in their scope, due to the largescale coverage provided by Lexibank 2. The queries are also easy to extend, thus having the potential to contribute to various studies in historical linguistics, linguistic typology, and related disciplines. The updated dataset is a substantial step forward in the effort to create comprehensive, standardized, and accessible linguistic resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-trial access practices in conducted clinical trials for Malaria, Tuberculosis, and Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) across Sub-Saharan African countries:  A quantitative study.","authors":"Yemisrach Seralegne, Cynthia Khamala Wangamati, Rosemarie de la Cruz Bernabe, Ibrahim Mdala, Martha Zewdie, Hawult Taye Adane","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18175.4","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18175.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to the Council of International Organizations and Medical Sciences (CIOMS) 2016, post-trial access (PTA) refers to the ethical imperative that requires the sponsor, researchers, and relevant public health authority, \"to make available as soon as possible any intervention or product developed, and knowledge generated, for the population or community in which the research is carried out.\" Law, policy, and practical guidance for PTA has so far been vague but has recently attracted and increased attention in the context of benefit sharing of scientific research results with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Although the number of clinical trials conducted in the Sub Saharan (SSA) countries has increased in the past two decades, plans and practices for PTA are underreported. The study examines PTA planning and implementation in clinical trials focused on Tuberculosis (TB), Malaria, and Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in Sub-Saharan African countries, conducted between 2008 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to identify gaps in PTA planning and implementation, highlight challenges, and suggest strategies for improving access to trial interventions and knowledge post-research.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted, using a self-administered online questionnaire to assess the PTA planning and implementation practices of Principal Investigators (PIs), co-PIs, trial coordinators, and sponsors involved in clinical trials in malaria, tuberculosis and NTDs across Sub-Saharan African countries. Of the 300 invited potential participants, 37 provided complete responses.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A large proportion (43%) of the study respondents did not provide PTA plans for TB, Malaria, and NTDs in clinical trials. The findings highlight an overall lack of formalized PTA policies and commitments in clinical trials for TB, Malaria, and NTDs in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the study participants (70.3%) expressed the need for PTA training.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the study offers valuable insights into PTA planning and practices, its generalizability may be limited by factors such as geographical and disease focus, reliance on self-reported data, and stakeholder representation. Despite these limitations, the study underscores an urgent need for structured PTA policy training programs, stakeholder collaboration, and effective training. Its findings can serve as a foundation for further research and policy development to enhance PTA in LMICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12417983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women migrant workers' (WMWS) deskilling.","authors":"Marie Ruiz, Stellamarina Donato","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18205.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.18205.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women are key actresses in sending and receiving countries' developments, and their contributions includes social and financial remittances, education and the transmission of social and cultural values ( United Nations, 2006). Despite, women migrants' undeniable contributions, they too often undergo deskilling, a process defined as the employment of workers in a different field or below their qualifications. The factors influencing deskilling include the lack of recognition of skills and qualifications, difficult access to information and employment opportunities, lack of support in the destination country and linguistic barriers. Migration can impact the social mobility of women migrants, yet not always positively ( Nowicka, 2012). In the labour market, women migrants are generally disadvantaged because of occupational gender segregation, the lack of network support and childcare responsibilities ( EU Commission, 2022), with higher risks of deskilling and downward social mobility. The objective of the brief is to shed light on WMWs' deskilling and explore the impact of gender and ethnicity in labour segmentation, de-emancipation being a consequence of WMWs' deskilling and overrepresentation in reproductive unskilled jobs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}