Neurotrauma reports最新文献

{"title":"Longitudinal Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Improvement in Verbal Fluency Over Time in Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Ana Luiza Zaninotto, Fabiola Macruz, Fabricio S Feltrin, Celi S Andrade, Claudia C Leite, Vinicius Monteiro de Paula Guirado, Wellingson S Paiva, Sylvain Bouix","doi":"10.1089/neur.2024.0149","DOIUrl":"10.1089/neur.2024.0149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most individuals with moderate-to-severe diffuse axonal injury (DAI) have impaired verbal fluency (VF) capacity. Still, the relationship between brain and VF recovery post-DAI has remained mostly unknown. The aim was to assess brain changes in 13 cortical thickness regions of interest (ROIs), fractional anisotropy (FA), and free water (FW) in three language-related tracts; the VF performance at 6 and 12 months after the DAI; and whether brain changes from 3 to 6 months predict VF performance from 6- to 12-month post-DAI. Twenty-one adults with moderate and severe DAI were analyzed. Structural and diffusion data were acquired on a 3T system 3 and 6 months after the injury. The differences in cortical thickness, FA, and FW values over time were analyzed as factors for the phonemic and semantic VF scores between the 6th and 12th months following the DAI. All analyses were corrected for multiple comparisons. Cortical thickness increased over time in 7 of the 13 ROIs in the right hemisphere and 5 of the 13 ROIs in the left hemisphere. There was an increase in FA in the right arcuate fasciculus and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus over time. An increase in phonemic VF scores was detected between 6 and 12 months post-traumatic brain injury, but not in semantic VF scores over time. Cortical thickness changes in the left posterior inferior frontal pars opercularis and left anterior superior temporal sulcus from 3 to 6 months were associated with improved phonemic VF scores over time. There was no association between diffusion magnetic resonance imaging metrics and VF scores. Our findings suggest that brain plasticity plays a significant role in the initial year following traumatic brain injury, as evidenced by increased cortical thickness and white matter integrity. Improved VF is associated with increased thickness in cortical motor regions responsible for speech performance. However, a larger sample size is needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"600-612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<b>Structural Defects Associated with Craniectomy Induce Neuroinflammation and Blood</b>-<b>Brain Barrier Permeability</b>.","authors":"Aria W Tarudji, Brandon Z McDonald, Evan Curtis, Connor Gee, Forrest M Kievit","doi":"10.1177/08977151251362176","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08977151251362176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterogeneity associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes necessitates validated controls to differentiate pathophysiological events from experimental methodology. While craniectomies are commonly used in TBI research, inadvertent dura disruption can result in structural deficits, impacting cellular function and neurobehavioral outcomes. Thus, there is a critical need to evaluate the effect of craniectomy on neurological outcomes to develop robust experimental controls and improve pre-clinical TBI research. In this study, craniectomy mice undergoing surgical and anesthetic intervention were assessed against naïve mice for neurological deficits and pathophysiological dysfunction. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging confirmed that no lesions or cavities were observed postcraniectomy. However, the cranial defect induced midline shifting over time, which might contribute to poorer behavioral outcomes in the novel object recognition assessment. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated an increase in GFAP and Iba1, indicating craniectomy elicited an inflammatory response. Indeed, neuroinflammation led to an increase in neuronal cell death, as measured by increases in α-II-spectrin breakdown products. However, craniectomy mice also presented with decreases in LC3BII and SQSTM1 expression, indicating an inhibition of autophagy. Last, craniectomy contributed to the altered expression of several tight junction proteins, including occludin and claudin-1/5, suggesting the blood-brain barrier was perturbed. Overall, the deficits associated with craniectomy preclude its use as an adequate sole control for TBI research, as craniectomy limits translational insights into the neurological changes observed in TBI. Additionally, these results support the need for the use of closed-head injury models where uninjured control mice do not show significant confounding minor injury patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"586-599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of Concussion Signs and Symptoms Reporting Among Former Professional American-Style Football Players.","authors":"Niki A Konstantinides, Rachel Grashow, Heather DiGregorio, Elizabeth Nolan, Frank E Speizer, Aaron L Baggish, Ross D Zafonte, Marc G Weisskopf","doi":"10.1177/08977151251362274","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08977151251362274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retrospective evaluations of repeated head injury are needed to better understand associations between head injury exposure and later-life deleterious outcomes. However, there is limited assessment of whether head injury recall assessments produce consistent measures over time, and no assessment of whether the reporting is related to current health status. The concussion signs and symptoms scale (CSS; developed for the Football Players Health Study at Harvard University) was designed to measure cumulative head injury exposure history by asking about the frequency of 10 CSS during active football play. Responses are summed with a total CSS range of 0-130. Former professional American-style football players completed the CSS at two timepoints. A subset of participants also reported on current health (subjective cognitive symptoms [Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders], depression [Patient Health Questionnaire], anxiety [Generalized Anxiety Disorder], pain [Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global], and overall health [PROMIS Global]) at each timepoint. To examine reporting consistency and recall bias, we calculated the Spearman correlation between measures assessed an average of 74.5 (standard deviation [SD] = 41.2) months apart and estimated associations between change in demographic, football-related, and current health factors and change in CSS (ΔCSS) over time using multivariable linear regression. Across the 335 participants, the mean (SD) CSS score at times 1 and 2 were 30.2 (25.5) and 29.1 (25.2), respectively, with an average change in CSS (ΔCSS) of -1.1 (SD = 19.8). There was no significant association between ΔCSS and years since play, months between timepoints, or age at time 1 (0.49 < <i>p</i> < 0.84). Eighty-one (24.2%) participants completed identical questions on current health factors at times 1 and 2. In separate multivariable models, there was no association between changes in pain, cognitive symptoms, health, depression, and anxiety reporting and ΔCSS (0.17 < <i>p</i> < 0.92). On average, the CSS score as a measure of retrospective concussion exposure did not change meaningfully over an average of 75 months, and changes in current health status were not significantly associated with ΔCSS. Results suggest that the CSS scale is stable over time and appears robust against changes in health status. The CSS should be considered for other retrospective studies of brain-injured populations to measure prior cumulative concussion history.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"578-585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redirection of Care after Traumatic Brain Injury in Intensive Care: Sex and Social Determinants of Health.","authors":"Simone Unseld, Alessandra Nadja Herzog, Federica Stretti, Tanja Krones, Caroline Hertler, Giovanna Brandi, Stefan Yu Bögli","doi":"10.1177/08977151251360617","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08977151251360617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impairs a patient's capacity for informed decision-making, necessitating surrogate decision-makers to decide whether to continue life-sustaining therapies. Patient sex and social determinants of health (SDH)-for example, economic stability, education, and health care access-possibly affect such decisions. We aimed to explore interactions between sex, SDH, and redirection of care in a cohort of patients with TBI from a high-income, high-resource country. Adult patients with consecutive TBI admitted to intensive care were included. Data on demographics, TBI characteristics, advance directives, and SDH (civil status, living situation, dependence for daily activities, income, employment, religion, nationality) were extracted. The primary end-point was redirection of care, followed by in-hospital mortality. Differences were analyzed univariably, after prognostic score matching, and through random forest models to assess the importance of each factor. Seven hundred and twelve patients (26.4% female, median age 56) were included. Women were older, more often widowed, and more frequently dependent on help, while men had higher income and education levels. Redirection of care and mortality were more common in women, even after prognostic score matching, though the difference disappeared after adjusting for redirection of care. Random forest models identified employment status and dependence on support as key factors associated with redirection of care, while sex did not improve model performance. Our results underline the importance of SDH for prognostication of patients with TBI and suggest that it is not sex <i>per se</i>, but the associated sex differences in SDH that affect the frequency of redirection of care and ultimately in-hospital mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"569-577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying a Biological Signature of Trauma-Related Neurodegeneration Following Repeated Traumatic Brain Injuries Compared with Healthy Controls.","authors":"Shawn R Eagle, Ava Puccio, Sarah Svirsky, James Mountz, Charles Laymon, Allison Borasso, Luke Henry, David O Okonkwo","doi":"10.1089/neur.2025.0052","DOIUrl":"10.1089/neur.2025.0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to compare participants at-risk for trauma-related neurodegeneration to a healthy control group on outcomes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as subjective symptoms, neurocognitive performance, plasma biomarkers, volumetrics, amyloid-beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET), and tau PET. Participants completed a comprehensive assessment protocol for neurodegenerative disease, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PET scans for tau and Aβ, blood draw, subjective symptom reports related to neurodegenerative disease, and objective neurocognitive assessment. Surveys included the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Severity (ESS), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS), and Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). PET scans were read by a neuroradiologist and rated positive or negative based upon established cutoffs. General linear models compared participants with TBI history with controls on outcomes. Age, years of education, military status, biological sex, race/ethnicity, and total self-reported TBIs were included as covariates in all models with Bonferroni corrections. Forward stepwise linear regression models were built to associate neuroimaging outcomes with symptom domains; inclusion in the linear regression required a <i>p</i> value <0.1. The average age for both groups was ∼40 years. The TBI group reported an average of five TBIs; the control group reported an average of one TBI. Across seven regions of interest, only one TBI participant met established PET cutoffs for neuropathology in one cortical region. After controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, years of education, military status, and TBI history, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in any neurocognitive outcome (<i>p</i> = 0.06-0.95), Aβ or tau PET (<i>p</i> = 0.05-0.70), MRI volumetrics (<i>p</i> = 0.06-0.98), or plasma biomarkers (<i>p</i> = 0.06-0.85). The TBI group had higher NSI, PCL-5, BSI-18, BPAQ, ESS, and ISI scores compared with the controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001-0.042). Within the TBI group, amygdala normative percentile and/or amygdala asymmetry index were included in the final models for NSI, SWLS, PCL5, BIS, BPAQ, and ISI. Only two models included a statistically significant PET outcome in the final model. In this sample with a mean age of 40 and a history of 5+ TBIs, core diagnostic biomarkers for AD were not different from controls despite significantly higher symptom burden. Volumetrics in critical brain regions were associated with several symptom domains in the TBI group, indicating that cortical volumetrics (especially in the amygdala) may be a more viable early biomarker of chronic symptom burden in this population than PET scans.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"560-568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144593102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/neur.2024.16549.revack","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neur.2024.16549.revack","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"480-481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144593099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-Life Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Alters Neurodevelopment and Behavior in Mice.","authors":"Rachel R Corrigan, Anna O Lanier, Emily S Dresher, Sahibjot Sran, Tracy A Bedrosian","doi":"10.1089/neur.2025.0016","DOIUrl":"10.1089/neur.2025.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Approximately 280 children per 100,000 experience closed-head injuries each year, with over 80% being mild in severity. While most children with mild injuries do not require admission to a hospital and recover well over time, some children experience persistent behavioral and cognitive abnormalities that continue into adolescence. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) during early life has potential to disrupt critical developmental processes and lead to long-term consequences; however, the mechanistic underpinnings of mTBI's effects on brain development remain understudied. Here, we investigated the effects of early-life mTBI on developmental outcomes using a mouse model. Injury was induced on post-natal day 7 by a single weight drop of one of three different impact intensities. Injury resulted in significant white matter loss as measured by myelin basic protein immunoreactivity at 5 days post injury (dpi). There was no change in the extent of Iba1-positive microglial staining at 5 dpi; however, there was increased expression of complement signaling proteins responsible for microglial-regulated synaptic pruning during this time in development. To assess the neurological consequences of mTBI, we examined the development of innate behaviors and ultrasonic vocalization communication. Injured mice were slower to achieve developmental milestones and exhibited altered communication, indicating functional deficits associated with mild injury. Altogether, this study provides evidence for neurodevelopmental consequences of mTBI and demonstrates lasting behavioral effects, suggesting further investigation of mechanisms contributing to neurological effects of mild injury in early life is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"465-479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Mitoquinone Supplementation on Glycan Profiles in a Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Mouse Model.","authors":"Mona Goli, Akeem Sanni, Sakshi Gautam, Khalil Mallah, W Brad Hubbard, Mohammad Reslan, Muhammad Ali Haidar, Karim Halabi, Joseph Walker, Stefania Mondello, Firas Kobeissy, Yehia Mechref","doi":"10.1089/neur.2025.0054","DOIUrl":"10.1089/neur.2025.0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant cause of injury-related deaths and disabilities. Repeated exposure to mechanical impact can lead to metabolic and ionic imbalance, which can cause oxidative stress and worsen the cellular dysfunction initiated by the initial mild TBI (mTBI). Currently, no FDA-approved drug targets repeated mTBI (rmTBI) and its potential sequelae. Mitoquinone (MitoQ) is a mitochondrion-targeted drug that has proven beneficial in different brain-related diseases. We have previously demonstrated the neurotherapeutic effects of MitoQ at a 30-day chronic time point in a similar rmTBI mouse model, where we observed decreased neuroinflammation, enhanced behavioral outcomes, and diminished oxidation. Recently, alterations in glycans have been shown to modulate key roles in the nervous system. Their relevance has been recognized in several neurodegenerative disorders, including TBI, which indicated injury severity and pathobiology. In this study, we aimed to assess brain glycome profiles post MitoQ treatment in experimental rmTBI using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Our findings indicate that there is a correlation between the HexNAc₄Hex₅DeoxyHex₃ glycan profile and MitoQ administration at the acute phase, the levels of HexNAc₄Hex₄ glycan in the subacute phase of MitoQ treatment, and the HexNAc₄Hex₅ glycan profile at the chronic time point phase of MitoQ treatment. These data suggest that these three glycan profiles can be considered molecular signatures for MitoQ-associated neurotherapy. However, further research is required to validate and establish that these three glycan profiles are accurate and sensitive markers associated with TBI neuroprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"525-538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury AIS Grade Conversion.","authors":"Jesse A Stokum, Riccardo Serra, Nicole Gorny, Bradley Wilhelmy, Timothy J Chryssikos, Gary Schwartzbauer, Bizhan Aarabi, Volodymyr Gerzanich, J Marc Simard","doi":"10.1089/neur.2025.0035","DOIUrl":"10.1089/neur.2025.0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a major unsolved problem that permanently impairs the lives of innumerable individuals worldwide. Although advances in the basic, pre-clinical and clinical sciences of SCI hold promise for patients, clinicians may lack a full insight into the relevant cellular and molecular events, and laboratory researchers may underappreciate how cellular and molecular phenomena translate into meaningful functional outcomes. To help bridge these perspectives, we first review the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) grade, which is the principal instrument used to gauge clinical outcomes in SCI, and the clinically important concept of AIS grade \"conversion\" (improvement), which occurs in some but not all patients. We then review underlying mechanisms that contribute to the AIS grade and its conversion, including mechanisms of transient neurological dysfunction (neuronal and axonal \"stunning\"), mechanisms of secondary cell loss (apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis), and mechanisms of axonal loss (primary axotomy and secondary axonal degeneration). Finally, we briefly review approaches to clinical management that may ameliorate identified mechanisms of secondary tissue loss and neurological dysfunction following SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"506-524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144593104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Survival for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in British Columbia, Canada: A Retrospective Evaluation of 20 Years of Linked Health Care Data.","authors":"Michael Bond, Aidan Beresford, Vanessa Noonan, Naama Rotem-Kohavi, Marcel Dvorak, Brian Kwon, Guiping Liu, Jason Sutherland","doi":"10.1089/neur.2025.0057","DOIUrl":"10.1089/neur.2025.0057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients living with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) have seen many improvements in care and treatment, but life expectancy still falls below the general population. Measuring long-term survival rates and characterizing causes of death are required to identify ways of improving well-being and reduce premature mortality. The study conducted a retrospective analysis of population-based administrative and clinical data from 2001 to 2021 to measure long-term survival of TSCI, mortality predictors, and cause of death. Population-based hospital records linked with administrative databases in British Columbia, Canada, were used to identify those with TSCIs. Demographic and clinical summary statistics were calculated. Mortality rates for 1-, 5-, 10-, 15-, and >15-year survival were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Factors associated with mortality throughout the study period were identified with Cox models. During the study period, 3624 patients were identified with TSCI. The mean age was 51.1 years (SD 21.19) and 2718 (75.0%) were male. Mortality rates at 1, 5, 10, 15, and >15 years were 11.2%, 19.6%, 25.4%, 28.3%, and 29.1%, respectively. Factors associated with mortality included cervical spine injuries, more comorbidities, older age, lower household income, presence of traumatic brain injury, and greater severity of initial injury (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Cardiac disease (22.3%) was the most common cause of death in TSCI patients followed by respiratory diseases (10.2%) and neoplasms (8.5%). The long-term survival of TSCI patients is a significant concern, and preventative measures to avoid injury are critical. Among those suffering TSCI, particularly high death rates are observed in those with cervical injuries, multiple comorbidities, and advanced age. Interventions are needed to reduce premature death among TSCI patients compared with the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"551-559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144593103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}