NeuroSci最新文献_第8页

A Retrospective Study of the Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on Auditory Function: From a Clinical Perspective. 脑外伤对听觉功能影响的回顾性研究：从临床角度看创伤性脑损伤对听觉功能的影响

IF 1.6

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2022-01-14 eCollection Date: 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3010004

Mira White, Fauve Duquette-Laplante, Benoît Jutras, Caryn Bursch, Amineh Koravand

{"title":"A Retrospective Study of the Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on Auditory Function: From a Clinical Perspective.","authors":"Mira White, Fauve Duquette-Laplante, Benoît Jutras, Caryn Bursch, Amineh Koravand","doi":"10.3390/neurosci3010004","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci3010004","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The main purpose of this retrospective study was to identify auditory dysfunctions related to traumatic brain injury (TBI) in individuals evaluated in an Audiology clinic.Method: Peripheral and central auditory evaluations were performed from March 2014 to June 2018 in 26 patients (14 males) with TBI. The age of the participants ranged from 9 to 59 years old (34.24 ± 15.21). Six participants had blast-related TBI and 20 had blunt force TBI. Sixteen experienced a single TBI event whereas ten experienced several. Correlation analyses were performed to verify the relationship, if any, between the number of auditory tests failed and the number, type, and severity of TBIs.Result: All participants failed at least one auditory test. Nearly 60% had abnormal results on degraded speech tests (compressed and echoed, filtered or in background noise) and 25% had a high frequency hearing loss. There was no statistically significant correlation between the number of auditory tests failed and the number, type, and severity of TBIs.Conclusion: Results indicated negative and heterogenous effects of TBI on peripheral and central auditory function and highlighted the need for a more extensive auditory assessment in individuals with TBI.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"3 1","pages":"52-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting Fluid Intelligence via Naturalistic Functional Connectivity Using Weighted Ensemble Model and Network Analysis 利用加权集成模型和网络分析通过自然功能连通性预测流体智力

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040032

Xiaobo Liu, Su Yang, Zhengxian Liu

{"title":"Predicting Fluid Intelligence via Naturalistic Functional Connectivity Using Weighted Ensemble Model and Network Analysis","authors":"Xiaobo Liu, Su Yang, Zhengxian Liu","doi":"10.3390/neurosci2040032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2040032","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Functional connectivity triggered by naturalistic stimuli (e.g., movie clips), coupled with machine learning techniques provide great insight in exploring brain functions such as fluid intelligence. However, functional connectivity is multi-layered while traditional machine learning is based on individual model, which is not only limited in performance, but also fails to extract multi-dimensional and multi-layered information from the brain network. Methods: In this study, inspired by multi-layer brain network structure, we propose a new method, namely weighted ensemble model and network analysis, which combines machine learning and graph theory for improved fluid intelligence prediction. Firstly, functional connectivity analysis and graphical theory were jointly employed. The functional connectivity and graphical indices computed using the preprocessed fMRI data were then all fed into an auto-encoder parallelly for automatic feature extraction to predict the fluid intelligence. In order to improve the performance, tree regression and ridge regression models were stacked and fused automatically with weighted values. Finally, layers of auto-encoder were visualized to better illustrate the connectome patterns, followed by the evaluation of the performance to justify the mechanism of brain functions. Results: Our proposed method achieved the best performance with a 3.85 mean absolute deviation, 0.66 correlation coefficient and 0.42 R-squared coefficient; this model outperformed other state-of-the-art methods. It is also worth noting that the optimization of the biological pattern extraction was automated though the auto-encoder algorithm. Conclusion: The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art reports, also is able to effectively capture the biological patterns of functional connectivity during a naturalistic movie state for potential clinical explorations.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82070493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

GSK3β Activity in Reward Circuit Functioning and Addiction GSK3β在奖赏回路功能和成瘾中的活性

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040033

Jakub Turlik, Ewa Wąsikiewicz, Aleksandra Domaradzka, Gabriela Chrostek, Weronika Gniadzik, Mikołaj Domagalski, Przemysław Duda

引用次数: 1

A National Survey Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Students Pursuing Careers in Neurosurgery. 一项评估COVID-19大流行对神经外科学生职业影响的全国调查。

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040023

Roxanna M Garcia, Rebecca A Reynolds, Hannah K Weiss, Nathan A Shlobin, Lola B Chambless, Sandi Lam, Nader S Dahdaleh, Gail Rosseau

{"title":"A National Survey Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Students Pursuing Careers in Neurosurgery.","authors":"Roxanna M Garcia, Rebecca A Reynolds, Hannah K Weiss, Nathan A Shlobin, Lola B Chambless, Sandi Lam, Nader S Dahdaleh, Gail Rosseau","doi":"10.3390/neurosci2040023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2040023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly disrupted medical education and the residency application process.Methods: We conducted a descriptive observational study in April 2020 of medical students and foreign medical graduates considering or pursuing careers in neurosurgery in the United States to examine the impact of the pandemic.Results: A total of 379 respondents from 67 medical schools completed the survey. Across all participants, 92% (n = 347) stopped in-person didactic education, and 43% (n = 161) experienced basic science and 44% (n = 167) clinical research delays. Sixty percent (n = 227) cited a negative impact on academic productivity. Among first year students, 18% (n = 17) were less likely to pursue a career in neurosurgery. Over half of second year and third year students were likely to delay taking the United States Medical Licensing Examination Steps I and II. Among third year students, 77% (n = 91) reported indefinite postponement of sub-internships, and 43% (n = 53) were unsatisfied with communication from external programs. Many fourth-year students (50%, n = 17) were graduating early to participate in COVID-19-related patient care. Top student-requested support activities included access to student-focused educational webinars and sessions at upcoming conferences.Conclusions: Medical students pursuing careers in neurosurgery faced unique academic, career, and personal challenges secondary to the pandemic. These challenges may become opportunities for new initiatives guided by professional organizations and residency programs.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"2 4","pages":"320-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9457230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10111340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Status Epilepticus and Neurosyphilis: A Case Report and a Narrative Review 癫痫持续状态与神经梅毒:1例报告及叙述回顾

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040031

G. Giovannini, S. Meletti

{"title":"Status Epilepticus and Neurosyphilis: A Case Report and a Narrative Review","authors":"G. Giovannini, S. Meletti","doi":"10.3390/neurosci2040031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2040031","url":null,"abstract":"Neurosyphilis is a rare but life-threatening complication of syphilis that can develop even decades after the primary infection and can be unrecognized. Seizures and status epilepticus (SE) may represent the first manifestation in a previously undiagnosed syphilitic patient. We present an exemplification case of a new onset refractory status epilepticus caused by neurosyphilis and we reviewed the existing literature. We selected all studies reporting cases of SE in the context both of patients with a known diagnosis of syphilis and as the first manifestation of neurosyphilis. We identified 50 patients, mostly composed of immunocompetent, middle-aged males. Thirty-nine patients (83%) presented a new onset SE. A history of subtle and rapidly progressive mood and/or cognitive impairment suggesting a limbic encephalitis-like presentation was frequently observed. Focal frontal or temporal SE was reported in 26. Brain MRI frequently showed T2/FLAIR hyperintensities widely involving the medial temporal structures and the frontal lobes. This review should increase the clinician’s awareness of neurosyphilis as a possible etiology of a new onset SE of unknown etiology, especially in the context of a “limbic encephalitis”-like clinical presentation. Prompt recognition and treatment for neurosyphilis partially or completely reverse neurologic sequelae, changing the natural history of the disease.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74024550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Case for Octopus Consciousness: Unity 章鱼意识的理由:团结

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040030

J. Mather

引用次数: 7

The Influence of Burst-Firing EMF on Forskolin-Induced Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Plasma Membrane Extensions 突发电磁场对福斯克林诱导的嗜铬细胞瘤(PC12)质膜延伸的影响

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-11-06 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040028

Trevor N. Carniello, R. Lafrenie, B. Dotta

{"title":"The Influence of Burst-Firing EMF on Forskolin-Induced Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Plasma Membrane Extensions","authors":"Trevor N. Carniello, R. Lafrenie, B. Dotta","doi":"10.3390/neurosci2040028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2040028","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has demonstrated that pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells treated with forskolin provides a model for the in vitro examination of neuritogenesis. Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs), especially those which have been designed to mimic biological function, can influence the functions of various biological systems. We aimed to assess whether exposure of PC12 cells treated with forskolin to patterned EMF would produce more plasma membrane extensions (PME) as compared to PC12 cells treated with forskolin alone (i.e., no EMF exposure). In addition, we aimed to determine whether the differences observed between the proportion of PME of PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to EMF were specific to the intensity, pattern, or timing of the applied EMF. Our results showed an overall increase in PME for PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to Burst-firing EMF as compared to PC12 cells receiving forskolin alone. No other patterned EMF investigated were deemed to be effective. Furthermore, intensity and timing of the Burst-firing pattern did not significantly alter the proportion of PME of PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to patterned EMF.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81269154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing the Concepts of Homeostasis, Homeorhesis, Allostasis, Elasticity, Flexibility and Plasticity of Brain Function 发展脑功能的内稳态、内稳态、异稳态、弹性、柔韧性和可塑性的概念

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-11-05 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040027

Alfredo Pereira

{"title":"Developing the Concepts of Homeostasis, Homeorhesis, Allostasis, Elasticity, Flexibility and Plasticity of Brain Function","authors":"Alfredo Pereira","doi":"10.3390/neurosci2040027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2040027","url":null,"abstract":"I discuss some concepts advanced for the understanding of the complex dynamics of brain functions, and relate them to approaches in affective, cognitive and action neurosciences. These functions involve neuro-glial interactions in a dynamic system that receives sensory signals from the outside of the central nervous system, processes information in frequency, amplitude and phase-modulated electrochemical waves, and control muscles and glands to generate behavioral patterns. The astrocyte network is in charge of controlling global electrochemical homeostasis, and Hodgkin–Huxley dynamics drive the bioelectric homeostasis of single neurons. In elastic processes, perturbations cause instability, but the system returns to the basal equilibrium. In allostatic processes, perturbations elicit a response from the system, reacting to the deviation and driving the system to stable states far from the homeostatic equilibrium. When the system does not return to a fixed point or region of the state space, the process is called homeorhetic, and may present two types of evolution: (a) In flexible processes, there are previously existing “attractor” stable states that may be achieved after the perturbation, depending on context; (b) In plastic processes, the homeostatic set point(s) is(are) changed; the system is in a process of adaptation, in which the allostatic forces do not drive it back to the previous set point, but project to the new one. In the temporal phase from the deviant state to the recovery of stability, the system generates sensations that indicate if the recovery is successful (pleasure-like sensations) or if there is a failure (pain-like sensations).","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80018313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Effect of Calcium Ions on Mechanosensation and Neuronal Activity in Proprioceptive Neurons 钙离子对本体感觉神经元机械感觉和神经元活动的影响

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-10-22 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040026

Devan E. Atkins, Kimberly L. Bosh, Grace W. Breakfield, Sydney E. Daniels, Makayla J. Devore, Hailey E. Fite, Landys Z. Guo, Danielle K. J. Henry, Alana K. Kaffenberger, Katherine S. Manning, Tatum E. Mowery, Cecilia Pankau, Nyla Parker, Malina E. Serrano, Yamaan Shakhashiro, Hannah N. Tanner, Ruth. A. Ward, Aubrey. H. Wehry, R. Cooper

{"title":"The Effect of Calcium Ions on Mechanosensation and Neuronal Activity in Proprioceptive Neurons","authors":"Devan E. Atkins, Kimberly L. Bosh, Grace W. Breakfield, Sydney E. Daniels, Makayla J. Devore, Hailey E. Fite, Landys Z. Guo, Danielle K. J. Henry, Alana K. Kaffenberger, Katherine S. Manning, Tatum E. Mowery, Cecilia Pankau, Nyla Parker, Malina E. Serrano, Yamaan Shakhashiro, Hannah N. Tanner, Ruth. A. Ward, Aubrey. H. Wehry, R. Cooper","doi":"10.3390/neurosci2040026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2040026","url":null,"abstract":"Proprioception of all animals is important in being able to have coordinated locomotion. Stretch activated ion channels (SACs) transduce the mechanical force into electrical signals in the proprioceptive sensory endings. The types of SACs vary among sensory neurons in animals as defined by pharmacological, physiological and molecular identification. The chordotonal organs within insects and crustaceans offer a unique ability to investigate proprioceptive function. The effects of the extracellular environment on neuronal activity, as well as the function of associated SACs are easily accessible and viable in minimal saline for ease in experimentation. The effect of extracellular [Ca2+] on membrane properties which affect voltage-sensitivity of ion channels, threshold of action potentials and SACs can be readily addressed in the chordotonal organ in crab limbs. It is of interest to understand how low extracellular [Ca2+] enhances neural activity considering the SACs in the sensory endings could possibly be Ca2+ channels and that all neural activity is blocked with Mn2+. It is suggested that axonal excitability might be affected independent from the SAC activity due to potential presence of calcium activated potassium channels (K(Ca)) and the ability of Ca2+ to block voltage gated Na+ channels in the axons. Separating the role of Ca2+ on the function of the SACs and the excitability of the axons in the nerves associated with chordotonal organs is addressed. These experiments may aid in understanding the mechanisms of neuronal hyperexcitability during hypocalcemia within mammals.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72527899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Facial Emotion Recognition in Obesity and in Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review 面部情绪识别在肥胖和纤维肌痛:一个系统的回顾

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040025

Giulia Vaioli, F. Scarpina

引用次数: 5