NeuroSci最新文献_第10页

Alcohol Consumption during Adulthood Does Not Impair Later Go/No-Go Reversal Learning in Male Rats 成年期饮酒不会损害雄性大鼠后来的去/不去逆转学习

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-05-13 DOI: 10.3390/NEUROSCI2020012

C. Pickens, M. Gallo, Hayley Fisher, Alisa Pajser, Madelyn H. Ray

{"title":"Alcohol Consumption during Adulthood Does Not Impair Later Go/No-Go Reversal Learning in Male Rats","authors":"C. Pickens, M. Gallo, Hayley Fisher, Alisa Pajser, Madelyn H. Ray","doi":"10.3390/NEUROSCI2020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/NEUROSCI2020012","url":null,"abstract":"Reversal learning tasks are used to model flexible decision-making in laboratory animals, and exposure to drugs of abuse can cause long-term impairments in reversal learning. However, the long-term effects of alcohol on reversal learning have varied. We evaluated whether six weeks of voluntary alcohol consumption through chronic intermittent alcohol access (elevated by food restriction) in adult male rats would impair rats in a go/no-go reversal learning task when tested at an interval beyond acute withdrawal. In our go/no-go task, rats were reinforced for pressing one lever or withholding from pressing another lever, and the identities of the two levers were switched twice (once rats reached an accuracy criterion). We found no evidence that prior alcohol consumption altered discrimination or reversal learning in our task. This replicates previous patterns from our laboratory that higher alcohol consumption in food-restricted rats did not impair discrimination or reversal learning in a different go/no-go task and that alcohol consumption in free-fed adolescent/early adult rats did not impair go/no-go discrimination or reversal learning in the same task. It is unclear whether this represents an insensitivity of this task to alcohol exposure generally or whether an alcohol exposure procedure that leads to higher blood ethanol concentration (BEC) levels would impair learning. More research is needed to investigate these possibilities.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"72 1","pages":"166-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86909640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognition as a Mechanical Process 作为机械过程的认知

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-04-22 DOI: 10.3390/NEUROSCI2020010

R. Friedman

引用次数: 1

Pathophysiological Correlation between Cigarette Smoking and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 吸烟与肌萎缩侧索硬化症的病理生理关系

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-04-20 DOI: 10.3390/NEUROSCI2020008

Spiro Menounos, P. Hansbro, A. Diwan, Abhirup Das

引用次数: 1

A Pilot Study of Game Design in the Unity Environment as an Example of the Use of Neurogaming on the Basis of Brain–Computer Interface Technology to Improve Concentration Unity环境下游戏设计的试点研究——以脑机接口技术为基础的神经游戏提高注意力为例

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.3390/NEUROSCI2020007

S. Paszkiel, R. Rojek, Ningrong Lei, M. A. Castro

引用次数: 5

Cytokines in Pediatric Pilocytic Astrocytomas: A Clinico-Pathological Study 细胞因子在儿童毛细胞星形细胞瘤中的作用:临床病理研究

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-03-10 DOI: 10.3390/NEUROSCI2010006

Nurfarhanah Bte Syed Sulaiman, C. Kuick, K. Chang, Kai Rui Wan, W. S. Looi, D. Low, W. Seow, S. Low

{"title":"Cytokines in Pediatric Pilocytic Astrocytomas: A Clinico-Pathological Study","authors":"Nurfarhanah Bte Syed Sulaiman, C. Kuick, K. Chang, Kai Rui Wan, W. S. Looi, D. Low, W. Seow, S. Low","doi":"10.3390/NEUROSCI2010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/NEUROSCI2010006","url":null,"abstract":"Pilocytic astrocytomas (PCA) are WHO Grade I tumors with a favorable prognosis. Surgical resection is usually curative. Nonetheless, progressive and/or metastatic disease occurs in 20% of patients. For these patients, treatment options are limited. The role of the immune system in PCA has not previously been reported. We hypothesize that the circulating cytokines contribute to tumorigenicity in PCA. This is an exploratory study with a focus on the identification of circulating cerebrospinal (CSF) cytokines associated with PCA. The primary objective is to demonstrate that CSF cytokines will be differentially expressed in the subset of PCAs that are difficult to treat in comparison to their surgically amendable counterparts. This is a single-institution, retrospective study of prospectively collected data. Patients with a confirmed histological diagnosis of PCA who have simultaneous intraoperative CSF sampling are included. Cerebrospinal fluid samples are subjected to multiplex cytokine profiling. Patient-derived PCA lines from selected patients in the same study cohort are cultured. Their cell culture supernatants are collected and interrogated using the sample multiplex platform as the CSF. A total of 8 patients are recruited. There were two patients with surgically difficult tumors associated with leptomeningeal involvement. Multiplex profiling of the cohort’s CSF samples showed elevated expressions of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12p70, IL-1β, IL-4, and TNF-α in these two patients in comparison to the remaining cohort. Next, primary cell lines derived from the same PCA patients demonstrated a similar trend of differential cytokine expression in their cell culture supernatant in vitro. Although our findings are preliminary at this stage, this is the first study in pediatric PCAs that show cytokine expression differences between the two groups of PCA with different clinical behaviors.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74062470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lithium Prevents Telomere Shortening in Cortical Neurons in Amyloid-Beta Induced Toxicity 在淀粉样蛋白诱导的毒性中，锂可防止皮质神经元端粒缩短

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-03-03 DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-260558/V1

Rafael Themoteo, Vanessa de Paula, Nikole Kimberly, H. Brentani, O. Forlenza

引用次数: 2

Is the Letter ‘t’ in the Word ‘gourmet’? Disruption in Task-Evoked Connectivity Networks in Adults with Impaired Literacy Skills 单词“gourmet”里有字母“t”吗?成人读写能力受损的任务诱发连接网络中断

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-02-27 DOI: 10.3390/NEUROSCI2010005

Kulpreet Cheema, W. Hodgetts, J. Cummine

{"title":"Is the Letter ‘t’ in the Word ‘gourmet’? Disruption in Task-Evoked Connectivity Networks in Adults with Impaired Literacy Skills","authors":"Kulpreet Cheema, W. Hodgetts, J. Cummine","doi":"10.3390/NEUROSCI2010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/NEUROSCI2010005","url":null,"abstract":"Much work has been done to characterize domain-specific brain networks associated with reading, but very little work has been done with respect to spelling. Our aim was to characterize domain-specific spelling networks (SpNs) and domain-general resting state networks (RSNs) in adults with and without literacy impairments. Skilled and impaired adults were recruited from the University of Alberta. Participants completed three conditions of an in-scanner spelling task called a letter probe task (LPT). We found highly connected SpNs for both groups of individuals, albeit comparatively more connections for skilled (50) vs. impaired (43) readers. Notably, the SpNs did not correlate with spelling behaviour for either group. We also found relationships between SpNs and RSNs for both groups of individuals, this time with comparatively fewer connections for skilled (36) vs. impaired (53) readers. Finally, the RSNs did predict spelling performance in a limited manner for the skilled readers. These results advance our understanding of brain networks associated with spelling and add to the growing body of literature that describes the important and intricate connections between domain-specific networks and domain-general networks (i.e., resting states) in individuals with and without developmental disorders.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89318690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Same Magnocellular Neurons Send Axon Collaterals to the Posterior Pituitary and Retina or to the Posterior Pituitary and Autonomic Preganglionic Centers of the Eye in Rats 相同的大细胞神经元向大鼠的垂体后叶和视网膜或垂体后叶和自主神经节前中枢发送轴突侧枝

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.3390/NEUROSCI2010002

Á. Csáki, K. Köves, Z. Boldogkői, Dóra Tombácz, Z. Tóth

{"title":"The Same Magnocellular Neurons Send Axon Collaterals to the Posterior Pituitary and Retina or to the Posterior Pituitary and Autonomic Preganglionic Centers of the Eye in Rats","authors":"Á. Csáki, K. Köves, Z. Boldogkői, Dóra Tombácz, Z. Tóth","doi":"10.3390/NEUROSCI2010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/NEUROSCI2010002","url":null,"abstract":"In rats, some parvocellular paraventricular neurons project to spinal autonomic centers. Using the virus tracing technique, we have demonstrated that some magnocellular paraventricular neurons, but not supraoptic neurons, also project to autonomic preganglionic centers of the mammary gland, gingiva, or lip. A part of these neurons has shown oxytocin immunoreactivity. In the present experiment, we have examined whether the same magnocellular neuron that sends fibers to the retina or autonomic preganglionic centers of the eye also projects to the posterior pituitary. Double neurotropic viral labeling and oxytocin immunohistochemistry were used. After inoculation of the posterior pituitary and the eye with viruses, spreading in a retrograde direction and expressing different fluorescence proteins, we looked for double-labeled neurons in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Double-labeled neurons were observed in non-sympathectomized and cervical-sympathectomized animals. Some double-labeled neurons contained oxytocin. After the optic nerve was cut, the labeling did not appear in the supraoptic nucleus; however, it could still be observed in the paraventricular nucleus. In the paraventricular nucleus, the double-labeled cells may be the origin of centrifugal visual fibers or autonomic premotor neurons. In the supraoptic nucleus, all double-labeled neurons are cells of origin of centrifugal visual fibers.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74339946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Neuroscience and Neuroimmunology Solutions for Osteoarthritis Pain: Biological Drugs, Growth Factors, Peptides and Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Peripheral Nerves 骨关节炎疼痛的神经科学和神经免疫学解决方案:生物药物、生长因子、多肽和靶向周围神经的单克隆抗体

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.20944/preprints202012.0823.v1

A. Mobasheri

引用次数: 0

Post-Mortem 7.0-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Hippocampus in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy with and without Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy 伴和不伴脑淀粉样血管病的进行性核上性麻痹海马死后7.0-Tesla磁共振成像

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci1020011

J. Reuck, F. Auger, N. Durieux, C. Maurage, V. Deramecourt, C. Cordonnier, F. Pasquier, D. Leys, R. Bordet

{"title":"Post-Mortem 7.0-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Hippocampus in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy with and without Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy","authors":"J. Reuck, F. Auger, N. Durieux, C. Maurage, V. Deramecourt, C. Cordonnier, F. Pasquier, D. Leys, R. Bordet","doi":"10.3390/neurosci1020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci1020011","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Purpose: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) can be observed in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), though to a lesser degree than in Alzheimer’s disease. The present post-mortem 7.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluates whether CAA has an influence on the degree of hippocampal atrophy (HA) and on the incidence of associated micro-infarcts (HMIs) and cortical micro-bleeds (HMBs). Material and Methods: Eight brains with PSP-CAA were compared to 20 PSP brains without CAA. In addition to the neuropathological examination, the hippocampus was evaluated on the most representative coronal section with T2 and T2*-weighted MRI sequences. The average degree of HA was determined in both groups. The incidence of HMIs and HMBs was also compared as well as the frequency of cortical micro-infarcts (CoMIs) and cortical micro-bleeds (CoMBs) in the hemispheric neocortex. Results: The neuropathological examination showed a higher incidence of lacunar infarcts in the PSP-CAA brains compared to the PSP ones. With magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the severity of HA and the incidence of HMIs and HMBs was similar between both groups. Additionally, the frequency of CoMIs and CoMBs in the neocortex was comparable. Conclusions: The association of CAA in PSP brains has no influence on the degree of HA and on the incidence of the small cerebrovascular lesions in the hippocampus as well as in the neocortex.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77576256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0