NeuroSci最新文献_第7页

Is the Letter ‘t’ in the Word ‘gourmet’? Disruption in Task-Evoked Connectivity Networks in Adults with Impaired Literacy Skills 单词“gourmet”里有字母“t”吗?成人读写能力受损的任务诱发连接网络中断

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-02-27 DOI: 10.3390/NEUROSCI2010005

Kulpreet Cheema, W. Hodgetts, J. Cummine

{"title":"Is the Letter ‘t’ in the Word ‘gourmet’? Disruption in Task-Evoked Connectivity Networks in Adults with Impaired Literacy Skills","authors":"Kulpreet Cheema, W. Hodgetts, J. Cummine","doi":"10.3390/NEUROSCI2010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/NEUROSCI2010005","url":null,"abstract":"Much work has been done to characterize domain-specific brain networks associated with reading, but very little work has been done with respect to spelling. Our aim was to characterize domain-specific spelling networks (SpNs) and domain-general resting state networks (RSNs) in adults with and without literacy impairments. Skilled and impaired adults were recruited from the University of Alberta. Participants completed three conditions of an in-scanner spelling task called a letter probe task (LPT). We found highly connected SpNs for both groups of individuals, albeit comparatively more connections for skilled (50) vs. impaired (43) readers. Notably, the SpNs did not correlate with spelling behaviour for either group. We also found relationships between SpNs and RSNs for both groups of individuals, this time with comparatively fewer connections for skilled (36) vs. impaired (53) readers. Finally, the RSNs did predict spelling performance in a limited manner for the skilled readers. These results advance our understanding of brain networks associated with spelling and add to the growing body of literature that describes the important and intricate connections between domain-specific networks and domain-general networks (i.e., resting states) in individuals with and without developmental disorders.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89318690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Same Magnocellular Neurons Send Axon Collaterals to the Posterior Pituitary and Retina or to the Posterior Pituitary and Autonomic Preganglionic Centers of the Eye in Rats 相同的大细胞神经元向大鼠的垂体后叶和视网膜或垂体后叶和自主神经节前中枢发送轴突侧枝

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.3390/NEUROSCI2010002

Á. Csáki, K. Köves, Z. Boldogkői, Dóra Tombácz, Z. Tóth

{"title":"The Same Magnocellular Neurons Send Axon Collaterals to the Posterior Pituitary and Retina or to the Posterior Pituitary and Autonomic Preganglionic Centers of the Eye in Rats","authors":"Á. Csáki, K. Köves, Z. Boldogkői, Dóra Tombácz, Z. Tóth","doi":"10.3390/NEUROSCI2010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/NEUROSCI2010002","url":null,"abstract":"In rats, some parvocellular paraventricular neurons project to spinal autonomic centers. Using the virus tracing technique, we have demonstrated that some magnocellular paraventricular neurons, but not supraoptic neurons, also project to autonomic preganglionic centers of the mammary gland, gingiva, or lip. A part of these neurons has shown oxytocin immunoreactivity. In the present experiment, we have examined whether the same magnocellular neuron that sends fibers to the retina or autonomic preganglionic centers of the eye also projects to the posterior pituitary. Double neurotropic viral labeling and oxytocin immunohistochemistry were used. After inoculation of the posterior pituitary and the eye with viruses, spreading in a retrograde direction and expressing different fluorescence proteins, we looked for double-labeled neurons in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Double-labeled neurons were observed in non-sympathectomized and cervical-sympathectomized animals. Some double-labeled neurons contained oxytocin. After the optic nerve was cut, the labeling did not appear in the supraoptic nucleus; however, it could still be observed in the paraventricular nucleus. In the paraventricular nucleus, the double-labeled cells may be the origin of centrifugal visual fibers or autonomic premotor neurons. In the supraoptic nucleus, all double-labeled neurons are cells of origin of centrifugal visual fibers.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74339946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Neuroscience and Neuroimmunology Solutions for Osteoarthritis Pain: Biological Drugs, Growth Factors, Peptides and Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Peripheral Nerves 骨关节炎疼痛的神经科学和神经免疫学解决方案:生物药物、生长因子、多肽和靶向周围神经的单克隆抗体

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.20944/preprints202012.0823.v1

A. Mobasheri

引用次数: 0

Post-Mortem 7.0-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Hippocampus in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy with and without Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy 伴和不伴脑淀粉样血管病的进行性核上性麻痹海马死后7.0-Tesla磁共振成像

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci1020011

J. Reuck, F. Auger, N. Durieux, C. Maurage, V. Deramecourt, C. Cordonnier, F. Pasquier, D. Leys, R. Bordet

{"title":"Post-Mortem 7.0-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Hippocampus in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy with and without Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy","authors":"J. Reuck, F. Auger, N. Durieux, C. Maurage, V. Deramecourt, C. Cordonnier, F. Pasquier, D. Leys, R. Bordet","doi":"10.3390/neurosci1020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci1020011","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Purpose: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) can be observed in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), though to a lesser degree than in Alzheimer’s disease. The present post-mortem 7.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluates whether CAA has an influence on the degree of hippocampal atrophy (HA) and on the incidence of associated micro-infarcts (HMIs) and cortical micro-bleeds (HMBs). Material and Methods: Eight brains with PSP-CAA were compared to 20 PSP brains without CAA. In addition to the neuropathological examination, the hippocampus was evaluated on the most representative coronal section with T2 and T2*-weighted MRI sequences. The average degree of HA was determined in both groups. The incidence of HMIs and HMBs was also compared as well as the frequency of cortical micro-infarcts (CoMIs) and cortical micro-bleeds (CoMBs) in the hemispheric neocortex. Results: The neuropathological examination showed a higher incidence of lacunar infarcts in the PSP-CAA brains compared to the PSP ones. With magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the severity of HA and the incidence of HMIs and HMBs was similar between both groups. Additionally, the frequency of CoMIs and CoMBs in the neocortex was comparable. Conclusions: The association of CAA in PSP brains has no influence on the degree of HA and on the incidence of the small cerebrovascular lesions in the hippocampus as well as in the neocortex.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77576256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Children's Amygdala Volume: Minorities' Diminish Returns. 主观社会经济地位与儿童杏仁核体积:少数群体的递减收益。

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci1020006

Shervin Assari, Shanika Boyce, Mohsen Bazargan

{"title":"Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Children's Amygdala Volume: Minorities' Diminish Returns.","authors":"Shervin Assari, Shanika Boyce, Mohsen Bazargan","doi":"10.3390/neurosci1020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci1020006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considerable research has suggested that low socioeconomic status (SES) negatively influences brain structure, including but not limited to decreased amygdala volume. Considering race and ethnicity as sociological rather than biological constructs, this study was built on minorities' diminished returns (MDRs) to test if the effects of family SES on the total amygdala volume is weaker for black and Latino children than white and non-Latino children. We borrowed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a national multi-center brain imaging investigation of childhood brain development in the US. The total sample was 9380 9-10-year-old children. The independent variables were subjective family SES and parental education. The primary outcome was total amygdala volume. High subjective SES and parental education were independently associated with larger total amygdala size. The association between high subjective SES and larger total amygdala volume was less pronounced for black and Latino children than white and non-Latino children. For American children, family SES has unequal effects on amygdala size and function, a pattern that is consistent with MDRs. This result suggests that SES loses some of its expected effects for racial and ethnic minority families.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"1 2","pages":"59-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/neurosci1020006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9571740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

An Improved Method for Physical Separation of Cerebral Vasculature and Parenchyma Enables Detection of Blood-Brain-Barrier Dysfunction 一种改进的物理分离脑血管和脑实质的方法可以检测血脑屏障功能障碍

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.20944/preprints202011.0404.v1

F. Matthes, Hana Matušková, Kajsa Arkelius, S. Ansar, I. Lundgaard, A. Meissner

{"title":"An Improved Method for Physical Separation of Cerebral Vasculature and Parenchyma Enables Detection of Blood-Brain-Barrier Dysfunction","authors":"F. Matthes, Hana Matušková, Kajsa Arkelius, S. Ansar, I. Lundgaard, A. Meissner","doi":"10.20944/preprints202011.0404.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202011.0404.v1","url":null,"abstract":"The neurovascular niche is crucial for constant blood supply and blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and is altered in a number of different neurological conditions, making this an intensely active field of research. Brain vasculature is unique for its tight association of endothelial cells with astrocytic endfeet processes. Separation of the vascular compartment by centrifugation-based methods confirmed enrichment of astrocytic endfeet processes, making it possible to study the entire vascular niche with such methods. Several centrifugation-based separation protocols are found in the literature; however, with some constraints which limit their applicability and the scope of the studies. Here, we describe and validate a protocol for physically separating the neurovascular niche from the parenchyma, which is optimized for smaller tissue quantities. Using endothelial, neuronal, and astrocyte markers, we show that quantitative Western blot-based target detection can be performed of both the vessel-enriched and parenchymal fractions using as little as a single mouse brain hemisphere. Validation of our protocol in rodent stroke models by detecting changes in tight junction protein expression, serum albumin signals and astrocyte activation, i.e., increased glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, between the ipsilateral and the lesion-free contralateral hemisphere demonstrates this protocol as a new way of detecting BBB breakdown and astrogliosis, respectively.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78095449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Systems Biology in Neuroscience: the Paramount Importance of Data Sharing and Citation 神经科学中的系统生物学:数据共享和引用的最高重要性

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci1020009

Xavier Gallart‐Palau

引用次数: 0

Statistical Properties in Jazz Improvisation Underline Individuality of Musical Representation 爵士乐即兴演奏的统计特性强调音乐表现的个性

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.3390/NEUROSCI1010004

T. Daikoku

引用次数: 0

Hematological Alterations Related to Treatment with Teriflunomide and Dimethyl Fumarate in Multiple Sclerosis 特立氟米特和富马酸二甲酯治疗多发性硬化症的血液学改变

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.3390/NEUROSCI1010003

D. García-Estévez

{"title":"Hematological Alterations Related to Treatment with Teriflunomide and Dimethyl Fumarate in Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"D. García-Estévez","doi":"10.3390/NEUROSCI1010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/NEUROSCI1010003","url":null,"abstract":"The exact mechanism of action of different modifying treatments in the evolutionary course of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown, but it is assumed that they act upon the cells involved in acquired immunity. One effect of these treatments is the development of lymphopenia, which carries inherent safety risks. This study was conducted to understand the alterations that teriflunomide (TERI) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) exert upon white blood cells in a series of patients with MS. This study included a total of 99 patients; 44 treated with DMF and 55 patients treated with TERI. Blood counts were evaluated at baseline and every 6 months in order to track the absolute leukocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts. Twelve months after starting treatment, we observed a significant decrease in leukocytes (21.1%), lymphocytes (39.1%), and neutrophils (10%) in the DMF group. In the TERI group, leukocytes decreased by 11.1%, lymphocytes by 8.1%, and neutrophils by 15.7%. Both TERI and DMF produced a significant decrease in leukocytes during the first year of treatment and this was mainly related with a decrease in neutrophils in the TERI group and a decrease in lymphocytes in the DMF group.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76305799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Motivational and Control Mechanisms Underlying Adolescent versus Adult Alcohol Use 青少年与成人酒精使用的动机和控制机制

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2020-09-05 DOI: 10.20944/preprints202009.0131.v1

J. Cousijn, Kayla H. Green, M. Labots, L. Vanderschuren, J. Kenemans, H. Lesscher

{"title":"Motivational and Control Mechanisms Underlying Adolescent versus Adult Alcohol Use","authors":"J. Cousijn, Kayla H. Green, M. Labots, L. Vanderschuren, J. Kenemans, H. Lesscher","doi":"10.20944/preprints202009.0131.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202009.0131.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Increased motivation towards alcohol use and suboptimal behavioral control are suggested to predispose adolescents to alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Paradoxically however, most adolescent AUDs resolve over time without any formal intervention, suggesting adolescent resilience to AUDs. Importantly, studies directly comparing adolescent and adult alcohol use are largely missing. We therefore aimed to unravel the moderating role of age in the relation between alcohol use and motivational and control-related cognitive processes in 45 adolescent drinkers compared to 45 adults. We found that enhancement drinking motives and impulsivity related positively to alcohol use. Although enhancement drinking motives and impulsivity were higher in adolescents, the strength of the relation between these measures and alcohol use did not differ between age groups. None of the alcohol use-related motivational measures (i.e., craving, attentional bias, and approach bias) and behavioral control measures (i.e., interference control, risky decision making, and working-memory) were associated with alcohol use or differed between age groups. These findings support the role of impulsivity and affective sensitivity in adolescent drinking but question the moderating role of age therein. The current study contributes towards understanding the role of age in the relation between alcohol use and cognition.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85590582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2