NeuroSci最新文献

{"title":"A Case for Automated Segmentation of MRI Data in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Type II GM1 Gangliosidosis.","authors":"Connor J Lewis, Jean M Johnston, Precilla D'Souza, Josephine Kolstad, Christopher Zoppo, Zeynep Vardar, Anna Luisa Kühn, Ahmet Peker, Zubir S Rentiya, Muhammad H Yousef, William A Gahl, Mohammed Salman Shazeeb, Cynthia J Tifft, Maria T Acosta","doi":"10.3390/neurosci6020031","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci6020031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Volumetric analysis and segmentation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data is an important tool for evaluating neurological disease progression and neurodevelopment. Fully automated segmentation pipelines offer faster and more reproducible results. However, since these analysis pipelines were trained on or run based on atlases consisting of neurotypical controls, it is important to evaluate how accurate these methods are for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we compared five fully automated segmentation pipelines, including FSL, Freesurfer, volBrain, SPM12, and SimNIBS, with a manual segmentation process in GM1 gangliosidosis patients and neurotypical controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 45 MRI scans from 16 juvenile GM1 gangliosidosis patients, 11 MRI scans from 8 late-infantile GM1 gangliosidosis patients, and 19 MRI scans from 11 neurotypical controls. We compared the results for seven brain structures, including volumes of the total brain, bilateral thalamus, ventricles, bilateral caudate nucleus, bilateral lentiform nucleus, corpus callosum, and cerebellum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found volBrain's vol2Brain pipeline to have the strongest correlations with the manual segmentation process for the whole brain, ventricles, and thalamus. We also found Freesurfer's recon-all pipeline to have the strongest correlations with the manual segmentation process for the caudate nucleus. For the cerebellum, we found a combination of volBrain's vol2Brain and SimNIBS' headreco to have the strongest correlations, depending on the cohort. For the lentiform nucleus, we found a combination of recon-all and FSL's FIRST to give the strongest correlations, depending on the cohort. Lastly, we found segmentation of the corpus callosum to be highly variable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Previous studies have considered automated segmentation techniques to be unreliable, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases. However, in our study, we produced results comparable to those obtained with a manual segmentation process. While manual segmentation processes conducted by neuroradiologists remain the gold standard, we present evidence to the capabilities and advantages of using an automated process that includes the ability to segment white matter throughout the brain or analyze large datasets, which pose feasibility issues to fully manual processes. Future investigations should consider the use of artificial intelligence-based segmentation pipelines to determine their accuracy in GM1 gangliosidosis, lysosomal storage disorders, and other neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Segmental Muscle Vibration on Pain Modulation in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Type-A Toxin: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Riccardo Buraschi, Paolo Pedersini, Giacomo Redegalli, Rosa Pullara, Joel Pollet, Marina Rossi, Massimiliano Gobbo, Sara Gueli, Maurizio Falso","doi":"10.3390/neurosci6020030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6020030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary cervical dystonia (PCD), or spasmodic torticollis, is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary and often painful muscle contractions, leading to abnormal cervical movements and postures. While botulinum toxin injections are the first-line treatment, additional therapies, such as segmental muscle vibration (SMV), remain underexplored. SMV, a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, may enhance motor cortex excitability and promote neuroplasticity, offering potential benefits in PCD management. This single-center triple-blinded randomized controlled trial evaluates SMV's efficacy in reducing dystonic pain and improving quality of life in PCD patients undergoing standardized rehabilitation after botulinum toxin treatment. Participants with a pain level of ≥3 on the Numerical Rating Scale will be randomized into two groups. The experimental group will receive 80 Hz SMV during a 10-session rehabilitation program, while the control group will undergo sham SMV. Both groups will follow identical physiotherapy and occupational therapy protocols. The primary outcomes include changes in pain intensity and function, assessed at baseline, mid-treatment, and post-treatment using validated scales. The secondary outcomes will evaluate quality of life and patient satisfaction. This study hypothesizes that SMV will significantly reduce dystonic pain and enhance quality of life, supporting its integration into multidisciplinary rehabilitation for dystonic disorders. Trial registration number: NCT06748846.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic Functional Connectivity Alterations of the Fusiform Face Area in Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Natalia Kleinhans, Sarah F Larsen, Annette Estes, Elizabeth Aylward","doi":"10.3390/neurosci6020029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6020029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intrinsic connectivity of the fusiform face area (FFA) was assessed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; <i>n</i> = 17) and age-, sex-, and IQ-matched typically developing controls (TD; <i>n</i> = 22). The FFA seed region was delineated in each participant using a functional localizer task. Whole brain analyses of FFA connectivity revealed increased connectivity between the right FFA and the vermis, sensorimotor cortex, and extended face-processing network in individuals with ASD compared to TD participants; the TD group did not demonstrate increased functional connectivity. No group differences were observed from the left FFA. The relationship between FFA connectivity and the ability to remember faces significantly differed between the groups. Better face memory performance was positively correlated with increased connectivity within general visual processing areas in the ASD participants; whereas for the TD group, better face memory performance was associated with increased connectivity with brain regions related to face encoding, recognition, and retrieval. FFA overconnectivity with face, emotion, and memory processing areas, along with atypical relationships between FFA-occipito-temporal connections and face memory performance highlights a possible mechanism underlying social dysfunction in individuals with ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reserpine Causes Neuroendocrine Toxicity, Inducing Impairments in Cognition via Disturbing Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Zebrafish.","authors":"Fengzhi Sun, Lijie Xia, Baokun Wang, Yanao Liu, Xiaotong Cui, Huijun Kang, Rostyslav Stoika, Kechun Liu, Meng Jin","doi":"10.3390/neurosci6020028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6020028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reserpine is used as a cheap and effective first-line antihypertensive, and presently, it is applied as treatment for difficult-to-control cases of hypertension. Despite its significance, reserpine's neuroendocrine toxicity remains largely underexplored. Here, we investigated the effects of reserpine on development, locomotion, central nervous system (CNS) neurons, thyroid development, and the expression of genes related to neurodevelopment, endocrine, learning and memory, and depression in zebrafish exposed to different doses of reserpine ranging from 0.5 mg/L to 16 mg/L. The results of our study demonstrated that reserpine exerts dose-dependent toxicity on the neuroendocrine system (NES). An investigation into its underlying mechanism suggests that reserpine disrupted the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis via down-regulating <i>hhex</i>, <i>tg</i>, and <i>tshβ</i> genes, impairing thyroid hormone synthesis and endocrine balance. Meanwhile, it affected neurodevelopment, as evidenced by the reduced expression of <i>gfap</i>, <i>gap43</i>, <i>mbp</i>, <i>syn2a</i>, and <i>tuba1b</i> genes, which compromised neuronal structure and function, while impaired neurotransmitter release and uptake could occur due to the suppression of <i>crhb</i> and <i>mao</i> genes. To conclude, these findings illustrate the interconnected impact of pathways involved in endocrine and neurodevelopment in reserpine-induced toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for Assessing Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Mice: A Critical Review of Behavioral Tests and Methodological Considerations Searching to Improve Reliability.","authors":"Boniface Echefu, Maria Becker, Dan Stein, Asher Ornoy","doi":"10.3390/neurosci6020027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6020027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many neurobehavioral tests are used for the assessment of human-like behaviors in animals. Most of them were developed in rodents and are used for the assessment of animal models that mimic human neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders (NDDs). We have described tests for assessing social behavior, social interaction, and social communication; tests for restricted and repetitive behaviors; tests for cognitive impairment, for sensory stimuli, for anxiety like behavior, and for motor coordination deviations. These tests are used to demonstrate autistic-like behavior as well as other NDDs. We described possible general pitfalls in the performance of such studies, as well as probable individual errors for each group of tests assessing specific behavior. The mentioned pitfalls may induce crucial errors in the interpretation of the results, minimizing the reliability of specific models of defined human NDD. It is imperative to minimize these pitfalls and use sufficient and reliable tests that can demonstrate as many of the traits of the human disorder, grade the severity of the specific deviations and the severity of the tested NDD by using a scoring system. Due to possible gender differences in the clinical presentations of NDD, it is important to carry out studies on males and females.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-Infrared Stimulation in Psychiatry Disorders: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Biological Mechanisms.","authors":"Joanna Woźniak, Michał Pazdrak, Ada Domanasiewicz, Jakub Kaźmierski","doi":"10.3390/neurosci6010026","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci6010026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Photobiomodulation (PBM), also referred to as low-level light therapy (LLLT), is an emerging non-pharmacological approach. This treatment is considered low-risk, cost-effective, and non-invasive, utilizing near-infrared light (NIR). The purpose of this paper is to explore the underlying mechanism of action and conduct a systematic review of pre-clinical and clinical research on the use of PBM for psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search on the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases was performed on 18 and 26 January 2024. Publications focused on PBM treatment in psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, general anxiety disorder, dementia, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, and sexual disfunctions were included (n = 23).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Near-infrared stimulation is presented as an effective method, comparable to psychopharmacological treatment. The primary suggested mechanism for PBM is the stimulation of mitochondrial metabolism following the absorption of NIR energy by cytochrome C oxidase. Because of the method of implementation, which omits the liver metabolism of cytochrome P450, PMB is recognized as safe as it does not interact with other drugs.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Clinical studies vary in terms of population and treatment parameters, and most do not include a suitable control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preliminary results support the potential of NIR stimulation as a novel and innovative treatment for psychiatry. Further studies are needed to estimate the proper protocols of parameters singly for any disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbamoylated Erythropoietin Rescues Autism-Relevant Social Deficits in BALB/cJ Mice.","authors":"Amaya L Street, Vedant P Thakkar, Sean W Lemke, Liza M Schoenbeck, Kevin M Schumacher, Monica Sathyanesan, Samuel S Newton, Alexander D Kloth","doi":"10.3390/neurosci6010025","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci6010025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects over 2% of the population worldwide and is characterized by repetitive behaviors, restricted areas of interest, deficits in social communication, and high levels of anxiety. Currently, there are no known effective treatments for the core features of ASD. The previous literature has established erythropoietin (EPO) as a promising antidepressant, working as a potent neurogenic and neurotrophic agent with hematopoietic side effects. Carbamoylated erythropoietin (CEPO), a chemically engineered non-hematopoietic derivative of EPO, appears to retain the neuroprotective factors of EPO without the hematologic properties. Recent evidence shows that CEPO corrects stress-related depressive behaviors in BALB/cJ (BALB) mice, which also have face validity as an ASD mouse model. We investigated whether CEPO can recover deficient social and anxiety-related behavioral deficits compared to C57BL/6J controls. After administering CEPO (40 μg/kg in phosphate-buffered saline) or vehicle over 21 days, we analyzed the mice's performance in the three-chamber social approach, the open field, the elevated plus maze, and the Porsolt's forced swim tasks. CEPO appeared to correct sociability in the three-chamber social approach task to C57 levels, increasing the amount of time the mice interacted with novel, social mice overall rather than altering the overall amount of exploratory activity in the maze. Consistent with this finding, there was no concomitant increase in the distance traveled in the open field, nor were there any alterations in the anxiety-related measures in the task. On the other hand, CEPO administration improved exploratory behavior in the elevated plus maze. This study marks the first demonstration of the benefits of a non-erythropoietic EPO derivative for social behavior in a mouse model of autism and merits further investigation into the mechanisms by which this action occurs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Role of Cyclic AMP Signaling in Dopaminergic Degeneration Induced by a Parkinson's Disease Toxin, Rotenone.","authors":"Sazan Ismael, Sarah Baitamouni, Daewoo Lee","doi":"10.3390/neurosci6010024","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci6010024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain. While dopamine precursor levodopa and D2 receptor agonists are commonly used to alleviate PD symptoms, these treatments do not halt or reverse disease progression. Thus, developing effective neuroprotective strategies remains a critical goal. In this study, we explored neuroprotective mechanisms in a <i>Drosophila</i> primary neuronal culture model of PD, created by administering the environmental toxin rotenone. Using the chemogenetic DREADD (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) system, we selectively activated cAMP signaling in DA neurons within the rotenone-induced model. Our results demonstrate that increasing cAMP signaling via Gs-coupled DREADD (rM3Ds) is protective against DA neurodegeneration. Furthermore, overexpression of the catalytic PKA-C1 subunit fully rescued DA neurons from rotenone-induced degeneration, with this effect restricted to DA neurons where PKA-C1 was specifically overexpressed. These findings reveal that cAMP-PKA signaling activation is neuroprotective in DA neurons against rotenone-induced degeneration, offering promising insights for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to slow or prevent PD pathology progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Connection Between Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Iron Metabolism and Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Simonida Delic, Svetlana Miletic Drakulic, Milos Stepovic, Jovana Milosavljevic, Marija Kovacevic Dimitrijevic, Kristijan Jovanovic, Ivona Marinkovic, Melanija Tepavcevic, Nikoleta Janicijevic, Aleksandra Mitrovic, Danica Igrutinovic, Maja Vulovic","doi":"10.3390/neurosci6010023","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci6010023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, emphasis has been placed on mitochondrial processes that influence the onset of the disease. Oxidative stress would be one of the consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction, and its impact on brain tissue is well described. Microglia, as a brain macrophage, have an important function in removing unwanted metabolites, as well as iron, which is an amplifier of oxidative stress. There are novelties in terms of the connection between these processes, which have redirected research more towards the process of neurodegeneration itself, so that the emphasis is no longer on neuroinflammation, which would initiate the pathological process itself and still exist in the vicinity of lesions with reduced intensity. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge from the literature regarding oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and iron metabolism and how microglia are involved in these processes in multiple sclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Noise Exposure on Cognitive Function in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"David Fernández-Quezada, Diana Emilia Martínez-Fernández, Ileana Fuentes, Joaquín García-Estrada, Sonia Luquin","doi":"10.3390/neurosci6010022","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci6010022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental noise has been repeatedly linked to negative effects on cognitive functioning among children and adolescents. This research sought to systematically assess studies investigating the relationship between noise exposure and cognitive outcomes in young individuals. Through a meta-analysis of eight primary studies published between 2001 and 2023, this study examined the effects of various noise types on cognitive performance across multiple domains in young populations. The findings reveal that noise exposure significantly impairs cognitive performance in children and adolescents, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of -0.544 (95% CI: [-0.616, -0.472]), z = -14.85, <i>p</i> < 0.0001. These results underscore the profound impact of environmental noise on cognitive functioning in younger populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}