NeuroSci最新文献_第6页

The Influence of Burst-Firing EMF on Forskolin-Induced Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Plasma Membrane Extensions 突发电磁场对福斯克林诱导的嗜铬细胞瘤(PC12)质膜延伸的影响

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-11-06 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040028

Trevor N. Carniello, R. Lafrenie, B. Dotta

{"title":"The Influence of Burst-Firing EMF on Forskolin-Induced Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Plasma Membrane Extensions","authors":"Trevor N. Carniello, R. Lafrenie, B. Dotta","doi":"10.3390/neurosci2040028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2040028","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has demonstrated that pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells treated with forskolin provides a model for the in vitro examination of neuritogenesis. Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs), especially those which have been designed to mimic biological function, can influence the functions of various biological systems. We aimed to assess whether exposure of PC12 cells treated with forskolin to patterned EMF would produce more plasma membrane extensions (PME) as compared to PC12 cells treated with forskolin alone (i.e., no EMF exposure). In addition, we aimed to determine whether the differences observed between the proportion of PME of PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to EMF were specific to the intensity, pattern, or timing of the applied EMF. Our results showed an overall increase in PME for PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to Burst-firing EMF as compared to PC12 cells receiving forskolin alone. No other patterned EMF investigated were deemed to be effective. Furthermore, intensity and timing of the Burst-firing pattern did not significantly alter the proportion of PME of PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to patterned EMF.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81269154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing the Concepts of Homeostasis, Homeorhesis, Allostasis, Elasticity, Flexibility and Plasticity of Brain Function 发展脑功能的内稳态、内稳态、异稳态、弹性、柔韧性和可塑性的概念

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-11-05 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040027

Alfredo Pereira

{"title":"Developing the Concepts of Homeostasis, Homeorhesis, Allostasis, Elasticity, Flexibility and Plasticity of Brain Function","authors":"Alfredo Pereira","doi":"10.3390/neurosci2040027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2040027","url":null,"abstract":"I discuss some concepts advanced for the understanding of the complex dynamics of brain functions, and relate them to approaches in affective, cognitive and action neurosciences. These functions involve neuro-glial interactions in a dynamic system that receives sensory signals from the outside of the central nervous system, processes information in frequency, amplitude and phase-modulated electrochemical waves, and control muscles and glands to generate behavioral patterns. The astrocyte network is in charge of controlling global electrochemical homeostasis, and Hodgkin–Huxley dynamics drive the bioelectric homeostasis of single neurons. In elastic processes, perturbations cause instability, but the system returns to the basal equilibrium. In allostatic processes, perturbations elicit a response from the system, reacting to the deviation and driving the system to stable states far from the homeostatic equilibrium. When the system does not return to a fixed point or region of the state space, the process is called homeorhetic, and may present two types of evolution: (a) In flexible processes, there are previously existing “attractor” stable states that may be achieved after the perturbation, depending on context; (b) In plastic processes, the homeostatic set point(s) is(are) changed; the system is in a process of adaptation, in which the allostatic forces do not drive it back to the previous set point, but project to the new one. In the temporal phase from the deviant state to the recovery of stability, the system generates sensations that indicate if the recovery is successful (pleasure-like sensations) or if there is a failure (pain-like sensations).","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80018313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Effect of Calcium Ions on Mechanosensation and Neuronal Activity in Proprioceptive Neurons 钙离子对本体感觉神经元机械感觉和神经元活动的影响

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-10-22 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040026

Devan E. Atkins, Kimberly L. Bosh, Grace W. Breakfield, Sydney E. Daniels, Makayla J. Devore, Hailey E. Fite, Landys Z. Guo, Danielle K. J. Henry, Alana K. Kaffenberger, Katherine S. Manning, Tatum E. Mowery, Cecilia Pankau, Nyla Parker, Malina E. Serrano, Yamaan Shakhashiro, Hannah N. Tanner, Ruth. A. Ward, Aubrey. H. Wehry, R. Cooper

{"title":"The Effect of Calcium Ions on Mechanosensation and Neuronal Activity in Proprioceptive Neurons","authors":"Devan E. Atkins, Kimberly L. Bosh, Grace W. Breakfield, Sydney E. Daniels, Makayla J. Devore, Hailey E. Fite, Landys Z. Guo, Danielle K. J. Henry, Alana K. Kaffenberger, Katherine S. Manning, Tatum E. Mowery, Cecilia Pankau, Nyla Parker, Malina E. Serrano, Yamaan Shakhashiro, Hannah N. Tanner, Ruth. A. Ward, Aubrey. H. Wehry, R. Cooper","doi":"10.3390/neurosci2040026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2040026","url":null,"abstract":"Proprioception of all animals is important in being able to have coordinated locomotion. Stretch activated ion channels (SACs) transduce the mechanical force into electrical signals in the proprioceptive sensory endings. The types of SACs vary among sensory neurons in animals as defined by pharmacological, physiological and molecular identification. The chordotonal organs within insects and crustaceans offer a unique ability to investigate proprioceptive function. The effects of the extracellular environment on neuronal activity, as well as the function of associated SACs are easily accessible and viable in minimal saline for ease in experimentation. The effect of extracellular [Ca2+] on membrane properties which affect voltage-sensitivity of ion channels, threshold of action potentials and SACs can be readily addressed in the chordotonal organ in crab limbs. It is of interest to understand how low extracellular [Ca2+] enhances neural activity considering the SACs in the sensory endings could possibly be Ca2+ channels and that all neural activity is blocked with Mn2+. It is suggested that axonal excitability might be affected independent from the SAC activity due to potential presence of calcium activated potassium channels (K(Ca)) and the ability of Ca2+ to block voltage gated Na+ channels in the axons. Separating the role of Ca2+ on the function of the SACs and the excitability of the axons in the nerves associated with chordotonal organs is addressed. These experiments may aid in understanding the mechanisms of neuronal hyperexcitability during hypocalcemia within mammals.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72527899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Facial Emotion Recognition in Obesity and in Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review 面部情绪识别在肥胖和纤维肌痛:一个系统的回顾

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040025

Giulia Vaioli, F. Scarpina

引用次数: 5

Optical Coherence Tomography to Monitor Rebound Intracranial Hypertension with Increased Papilledema after Lumbar Puncture 光学相干断层扫描监测腰椎穿刺后反弹性颅内高压伴乳头水肿增加

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-10-09 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040024

Y. Huang-Link, P. Mirabelli, Ge Yang, A. Eleftheriou, H. Link

{"title":"Optical Coherence Tomography to Monitor Rebound Intracranial Hypertension with Increased Papilledema after Lumbar Puncture","authors":"Y. Huang-Link, P. Mirabelli, Ge Yang, A. Eleftheriou, H. Link","doi":"10.3390/neurosci2040024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2040024","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We report that lumbar puncture (LP) with removal of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) induced rebound intracranial hypertension with increased papilledema as monitored by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Background: Severe papilledema causes visual field loss and central vision damage if untreated. Fundoscopy is a key to diagnose papilledema, but is not sensitive enough to monitor therapeutic effects. Methods: OCT was applied to follow a 24-year-old woman with headache, visual dysfunction, severe bilateral papilledema, and elevated CSF opening pressure. She was first treated with serial LP, which led to symptom deterioration, increased CSF pressure, and increased the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. She was then successfully treated with acetazolamide and furosemide. Results: OCT showed reduction of RNFL thickness directly after LP with CSF removal, accompanied with reduced CSF pressure. Increased RNFL thickness accompanied with worsened headache, visual dysfunction, and increased CSF pressure was observed on the next day after LP. Less than 24 h after start of medication, the symptoms had reversed and RNFL thickness was reduced. The patient was symptom-free 2 weeks after starting on medical treatment. Papilledema had vanished on fundoscopy 6 weeks after the therapy, and RNFL thickness was normalized at 3 months of follow-up. Conclusion: This case provides evidence that OCT is an objective and sensitive tool to monitor papilledema and its response to therapy, and thereby important to help in correct clinical decision-making.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86272023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuroprotective Effects of Resveratrol in Ischemic Brain Injury 白藜芦醇对缺血性脑损伤的神经保护作用

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2030022

Noelia D Machado, Gorka Villena Armas, M. A. Fernández, S. Grijalvo, D. Díaz Díaz

{"title":"Neuroprotective Effects of Resveratrol in Ischemic Brain Injury","authors":"Noelia D Machado, Gorka Villena Armas, M. A. Fernández, S. Grijalvo, D. Díaz Díaz","doi":"10.3390/neurosci2030022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2030022","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral ischemia represents the third cause of death and the first cause of disability in adults. This process results from decreasing cerebral blood flow levels as a result of the occlusion of a major cerebral artery. This restriction in blood supply generates low levels of oxygen and glucose, which leads to a decrease in the energy metabolism of the cell, producing inflammation, and finally, neurological deterioration. Currently, blood restoration of flow is the only effective approach as a therapy in terms of ischemic stroke. However, a significant number of patients still have a poor prognosis, probably owing to the increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the reperfusion of damaged tissue. Oxidative stress and inflammation can be avoided by modulating mitochondrial function and have been identified as potential targets for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. In recent years, the beneficial actions of flavonoids and polyphenols against cerebrovascular diseases have been extensively investigated. The use of resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to markedly decrease brain damage caused by ischemia in numerous studies. According to in vitro and in vivo experiments, there is growing evidence that RSV is involved in several pathways, including cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 regulation, JAK/ERK/STAT signaling pathway modulation, TLR4 signal transduction regulation, gut/brain axis modulation, GLUT3 up-regulation inhibition, neuronal autophagy activation, and de novo SUR1 expression inhibition. In this review, we summarize the recent outcomes based on the neuroprotective effect of RSV itself and RSV-loaded nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo models focusing on such mechanisms of action as well as describing the potential therapeutic strategies in which RSV plays an active role in cases of ischemic brain injury.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87944396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Electromagnetic Will 电磁意志

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2030021

J. McFadden

引用次数: 7

Octopus Consciousness: The Role of Perceptual Richness 章鱼意识:知觉丰富性的作用

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2030020

J. Mather

{"title":"Octopus Consciousness: The Role of Perceptual Richness","authors":"J. Mather","doi":"10.3390/neurosci2030020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2030020","url":null,"abstract":"It is always difficult to even advance possible dimensions of consciousness, but Birch et al., 2020 have suggested four possible dimensions and this review discusses the first, perceptual richness, with relation to octopuses. They advance acuity, bandwidth, and categorization power as possible components. It is first necessary to realize that sensory richness does not automatically lead to perceptual richness and this capacity may not be accessed by consciousness. Octopuses do not discriminate light wavelength frequency (color) but rather its plane of polarization, a dimension that we do not understand. Their eyes are laterally placed on the head, leading to monocular vision and head movements that give a sequential rather than simultaneous view of items, possibly consciously planned. Details of control of the rich sensorimotor system of the arms, with 3/5 of the neurons of the nervous system, may normally not be accessed to the brain and thus to consciousness. The chromatophore-based skin appearance system is likely open loop, and not available to the octopus’ vision. Conversely, in a laboratory situation that is not ecologically valid for the octopus, learning about shapes and extents of visual figures was extensive and flexible, likely consciously planned. Similarly, octopuses’ local place in and navigation around space can be guided by light polarization plane and visual landmark location and is learned and monitored. The complex array of chemical cues delivered by water and on surfaces does not fit neatly into the components above and has barely been tested but might easily be described as perceptually rich. The octopus’ curiosity and drive to investigate and gain more information may mean that, apart from richness of any stimulus situation, they are consciously driven to seek out more information. This review suggests that cephalopods may not have a similar type of intelligence as the ‘higher’ vertebrates, they may not have similar dimensions or contents of consciousness, but that such a capacity is present nevertheless.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78829362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Personality Profile and Low Back Pain: Are Clinicians Missing an Important Factor That Influences Pain Perception and Treatment Options? 性格特征与腰痛:临床医生是否遗漏了影响疼痛感知和治疗选择的重要因素?

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2030019

W. Hanney, Travis Smith, Chandler Shiley, Josh Howe, M. Kolber, P. Salamh

引用次数: 3

Treating Traumatic Brain Injuries with Electroceuticals: Implications for the Neuroanatomy of Consciousness 用电疗法治疗创伤性脑损伤:对意识神经解剖学的启示

NeuroSci Pub Date : 2021-07-27 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2030018

Jihad Aburas, Areej Aziz, M. Butt, Angela Leschinsky, Marsha L. Pierce

{"title":"Treating Traumatic Brain Injuries with Electroceuticals: Implications for the Neuroanatomy of Consciousness","authors":"Jihad Aburas, Areej Aziz, M. Butt, Angela Leschinsky, Marsha L. Pierce","doi":"10.3390/neurosci2030018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci2030018","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of loss of consciousness, long-term disability, and death in children and young adults (age 1 to 44). Currently, there are no United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pharmacological treatments for post-TBI regeneration and recovery, particularly related to permanent disability and level of consciousness. In some cases, long-term disorders of consciousness (DoC) exist, including the vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) characterized by the exhibition of reflexive behaviors only or a minimally conscious state (MCS) with few purposeful movements and reflexive behaviors. Electroceuticals, including non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS) have proved efficacious in some patients with TBI and DoC. In this review, we examine how electroceuticals have improved our understanding of the neuroanatomy of consciousness. However, the level of improvements in general arousal or basic bodily and visual pursuit that constitute clinically meaningful recovery on the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) remain undefined. Nevertheless, these advancements demonstrate the importance of the vagal nerve, thalamus, reticular activating system, and cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical loop in the process of consciousness recovery.","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77368120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1