NeuroSci最新文献

{"title":"PART as a Negative Outcome Modifier of Glioblastoma Treatment, Case Report.","authors":"Ross Terada, Jennifer Dailey, Sherry Yan, Michael Punsoni, Eric T Wong","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030053","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe neurocognitive decline is often seen in elderly glioblastoma patients after treatment with radiation and chemotherapy. But the mechanism behind their deterioration is unclear. We describe one such patient with concomitant primary age-related tauopathy (PART) in bilateral hippocampi.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>An 88-year-old woman experienced unsteadiness, memory loss, and slurred speech that was caused by an epithelioid glioblastoma with wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 and methylated promoter of <i>O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase</i>. She was treated with gross total resection, followed by intensity-modulated radiotherapy and daily temozolomide. Shortly after starting treatment, she developed fatigue, anorexia, and neurocognitive impairment, which were refractory to corticosteroids. After two cycles of adjuvant temozolomide, she experienced impulsivity, disorientation, hallucinations, somnolence, and incontinence despite stable neuroimaging findings. Treatment was subsequently discontinued, and she died 20 months from the time of her glioblastoma diagnosis. Autopsy revealed tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles, but rare Aβ plaques, in the trans-entorhinal and entorhinal cortices of both hippocampi. These findings are consistent with a diagnosis of PART.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Undiagnosed tauopathy could be a negative modifier of glioblastoma treatment. The identification of PART and other tauopathies as risk factors in the elderly population may be important to guide treatment decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Current Evidence and Future Directions.","authors":"Ruth Narramore, Mudasar Aziz, Sheharyar Baig, Joyce S Balami, Arshad Majid, Ali N Ali","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030052","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) may improve cognition and promote underlying brain health through various mechanisms including the noradrenaline and cholinergic pathways. Whilst early human studies used invasive devices (iVNS), recent decades have seen the emergence of non-invasive devices that stimulate the vagus nerve transcutaneously (tVNS) via either the cervical branches in the neck (tcVNS) or the auricular branch in the ear (taVNS). With this increase in more accessible devices, tVNS is gaining interest as a novel therapy in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This targeted review aims to understand the current evidence in human trials in this specific population. PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched. Six human interventional studies were found (one iVNS; five taVNS). VNS is well tolerated and study designs demonstrate feasibility within this population for future blinded and appropriately powered long-term studies with participants applying tVNS at home. However, protocols and tVNS settings remain variable. Working memory domains such as verbal fluency and 3D processing show the most promise but global cognitive scores were also sensitive in some cases. The role of biomarkers of tVNS activity and its effect on AD markers and neuroinflammation should be considered in the design of future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review on Bioethics Challenges of Conducting Clinical Research in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Revisiting the Informed Consent Process.","authors":"Ayman El-Menyar, Naushad Ahmad Khan, Hassan Al-Thani","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030051","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Conducting research in emergency departments and critical care units is crucial for improving patient management through evidence-based practices. Healthcare professionals and researchers in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have a moral and legal obligation to inform patients before conducting any diagnostic test or therapy as part of a clinical study. However, challenges and barriers to conducting research in these high-pressure environments must be acknowledged. Shall the pathway to obtain informed consent in TBI-related research be revisited? We sought to map literature, identify gaps, and clarify the bioethics that should be followed in TBI-related research. <b>Methods</b>: A Scoping review was conducted to identify the obstacles and challenges investigators encounter in clinical and translational TBI research, with a specific emphasis on informed consent and regulatory impediments that often serve as bottlenecks or rate-limiting steps for participant enrollment and overall study success. This review used google scholar and Midline from inception to 2025. <b>Results</b>: Patients with TBI or their surrogates may be unable to provide informed consent within limited therapeutic windows. Despite international regulations and national laws, restrictions on obtaining consent are often criticized as ambiguous in certain situations. Furthermore, the fast-paced, emotionally charged atmosphere in emergency settings poses a risk of delaying crucial research interventions. There are accepted alternatives to informed consent, such as proxy consent, deferred consent, exceptions from consent, and waivers of consent, which are ethically and socially acceptable and compliant with regulations. However, these alternatives are underutilized or may be abused in some cases. <b>Conclusions</b>: This review calls for clarifying and modifying arbitrary regulatory restrictions on research and streamlining the Common Rule. Scientists should also share their innovative solutions to strike a balance between ethical considerations and the minimization of research barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148037995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurofeedback in Football: A Systematic Review of Cognitive, Technical, Physical and Psychological Outcomes.","authors":"Sílvio A Carvalho, Pedro Bezerra, José E Teixeira, Pedro Forte, Rui M Silva, José M Cancela-Carral","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030050","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review synthesized the existing evidence on neurofeedback interventions applied to football players, aiming to clarify their effects on cognitive, technical-tactical, physical and psychological performance. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS and SportsDiscus) were searched up to November 2025. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 133 players across youth, amateur, national and elite levels. Neurofeedback protocols primarily targeted alpha or sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) activity, and some were combined with heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback. Across studies, neurofeedback may be associated with improvements in several cognitive outcomes, including improvements in working memory, visuospatial memory, task switching, mental rotation and decision-making. Limited evidence suggests potential improvements in technical skills (particularly shooting accuracy) and tactical decision-making. Some studies reported changes in physiological markers and stress-recovery capacity, although their interpretation remains uncertain. However, the evidence base remains constrained by small samples, heterogeneous protocols and limited use of randomized controlled designs. Overall, neurofeedback appears to be a potentially promising but still experimental tool to support cognitive and psychophysiological readiness in football, warranting more rigorous and standardized research to establish efficacy and optimal training parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Flawed Conjecture Keeps Haunting Brain Energy Metabolism Research.","authors":"Avital Schurr","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030049","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1988, two seminal studies were published almost simultaneously in the same scientific journal. Both spurred the field of brain energy metabolism research in new directions, culminating in a long-lasting debate that appeared to split its practitioners into two factions that seem unwilling to agree on what metabolic processes are fueling the active brain with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The first study used rat hippocampal slices to demonstrate the ability of lactate to support neuronal function as the sole oxidative mitochondrial substrate. The second study demonstrated that upon brain stimulation, glucose consumption is not accompanied by respective oxygen consumption, but a non-oxidative glucose utilization or what has become known as \"aerobic glycolysis\". Consequently, for almost four decades, researchers in this field have been divided between those who profess that brain activity is supported by oxidative lactate metabolism and those who insist that non-oxidative glucose metabolism supports it. Hypotheses for both concepts were offered, \"The Astrocyte Neuron Lactate Shuttle Hypothesis\" and \"The Efficiency Tradeoff Hypothesis,\" respectively. To bridge the gap between the two groups, a recent editorial, authored by over twenty leading investigators, was published. The editorial received two separate responses from investigators who supported the non-oxidative glucose consumption as the main process supporting neural activity, signaling that the gap between the two groups remained. The present perspective highlights the principal disagreements that divide this utmost important field of research. It argues that the main reason for these disagreements is rooted in the assumption that pyruvate is the end-product of aerobic glycolysis, even when many among those who adhere to this assumption accept that in the active brain glycolysis is the main provider of the necessary ATP and the end-product is lactate under aerobic conditions. The consideration of a paradigm shift, according to which lactate is the real end-product of glycolysis, independent of the presence or absence of oxygen, could bridge the great divide between those who separate glycolysis into two outcomes and those who profess that there is only one, prefix-less glycolytic pathway that always ends with the production of lactate.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Background Activity Monitoring by Amplitude-Integrated EEG to Predict Short-Term Neurological Outcome in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease: Insights from a Real-Life Retrospective Cohort.","authors":"Massimo Mastrangelo, Salvatore Mazzeo, Eleonora Ferrante, Giulia Bruschi, Gianni Cutillo, Elisa Bortolin, Alessandro Bombaci, Irene Borzillo, Giuseppe Isgrò, Massimo Chessa, Alessandro Giamberti, Marco Ranucci, Massimo Filippi, Maria Salsone","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7020048","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7020048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonates undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) are at high risk for brain function impairment. Reliable early predictors of postoperative neurological complications are lacking. We examined a retrospective cohort of 55 surgically treated CHD neonates systematically monitored by concomitant conventional electroencephalography (cEEG) and amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG). Neonates underwent cEEG/aEEG at three time points: T0 (preoperative, duration: 90-120 min); T1 (24-48 h after cardiac surgery, duration: ≥11 h); and T2 (7-10 days post-surgery, duration: 90-120 min). For each patient, aEEG background activity was evaluated and scored, and clinical and surgical data were retrieved to establish short-term post-surgical outcomes. Patients with normal T0 monitoring had significantly higher aEEG bandwidths in T1. A lower Aristotle basic score was associated with an improvement in aEEG at T1. Inversely, a narrower aEEG bandwidth in T1 was associated with post-surgical neurological deterioration. The aEEG bandwidth accurately predicted short-term neurological outcome; in particular, a minimal aEEG amplitude above 17.5 µV excluded poor neurological outcome with a negative predictive value of 81.48%. Our results demonstrated that aEEG bandwidth and trend dynamics may be associated with surgical complexity and neurological outcomes. aEEG background trend monitoring may provide relevant prognostic information on neurological outcomes in surgically treated CHD neonates.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurology-Related Research Using the German Disease Analyzer Database: A Narrative Review of Studies Published Between 2020 and 2025.","authors":"Karel Kostev, Henning Sievert, Marcel Konrad, Christian Tanislav, Jens Bohlken","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7020046","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7020046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The IQVIA Disease Analyzer (DA) database is a major outpatient electronic health record dataset in Germany. Over recent years, it has been increasingly used to study neurological diseases, comorbidities, treatment patterns, and long-term sequelae. We narratively summarized neurology-related studies using the German IQVIA Disease Analyzer (DA) database published since 2020 and to highlight methodological considerations relevant for interpreting DA-based neurological research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a narrative review of DA-based studies published between January 2020 and December 2025. PubMed was searched using DA-related keywords and major neurological disease terms. Eligible articles included peer-reviewed cohort, case-control, or descriptive studies using DA outpatient data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review identified studies covering epilepsy, cerebrovascular outcomes, Parkinson's disease, dementia, multiple sclerosis, migraine, and sensory disorders. Most used retrospective cohort or nested case-control designs with regression or propensity score methods. Follow-up durations ranged from 3 to 10 years. Results consistently reflected routine care outpatient diagnostic and prescribing patterns.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Strengths of DA studies include large patient populations, long follow-up, and detailed prescription information. Limitations include reliance on outpatient ICD-10 coding, lack of detailed neurological phenotyping, and potential residual confounding and bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DA-based analyses generate clinically relevant routine care evidence on neurological conditions in the German outpatient setting. Proper methodological safeguards and complementary data sources are required to contextualize findings for clinical and epidemiological use.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Knockout of Protocadherin Gamma C3 (PCDHGC3) in Breast Cancer and Melanoma Cell Lines Leads to Increased Adhesion of Knockout Cells to Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.","authors":"Paul Glogau, Junqiao Mi, Patrick Meybohm, Malgorzata Burek","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7020047","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7020047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain metastases remain a major problem for cancer patients, impacting their treatment and survival. The pathogenesis of brain metastases is largely unknown. Recent reports indicate that the adhesion molecule protocadherin γ C3 (PCDHGC3) is differentially expressed in various cancer cells and endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), suggesting its involvement in the development of brain metastases. Therefore, we generated a PCDHGC3 knockout (KO) in the triple-negative breast cancer cell line HCC1806 and the malignant melanoma cell line A2058. Control and KO cells were compared using cell proliferation, adhesion and invasion assays, gene expression analyses and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity assays. While the PCDHGC3 KO mutation led to increased proliferation in HCC1806 cells, with no difference observed in A2058, it significantly increased adhesion to in vitro BBB models as well as invasion in both HCC1806 and A2058 KO cell lines. Although changes in mRNA expression of genes involved in metastasis, angiogenesis and cell adhesion were found in PCDHGC3 KO breast cancer and melanoma cells, the number of genes with significantly increased mRNA expression was higher in A2058 KO cells than in HCC1806 KO cells. While the mRNA expression of MMP1 and 2 was increased in A2058 KO cells, no significant changes were found in HCC1806 KO cells. However, increased MMP activity in the cell culture medium was detected in HCC1806 KO cells, while A2058 KO cells showed lower MMP-activity compared to control. These findings provide insights into the role of PCDHGC3 in cancer cell extravasation during metastatic process and identify potential therapeutic targets for further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polysialic Acid Modulation of Glutamate Receptors and Synaptic Mechanisms Underlying Neuronal Plasticity.","authors":"Kawsar Ullah Chowdhury, Subhrajit Bhattacharya, Md Reaz Uddin, Miranda N Reed, Soon Goo Lee, Vishnu Suppiramaniam","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7020045","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7020045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polysialic acid (PSA), a highly negatively charged glycan attached mainly to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), is emerging as a critical but underrecognized extracellular regulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission. While previous literature has focused on PSA's developmental roles, increasing evidence indicates that PSA-NCAM also contributes to synaptic plasticity mechanisms in the mature brain. This review integrates evidence from structural biophysics, single-channel electrophysiology, and disease models to explain how PSA modulates glutamate receptor gating to control learning and memory. We synthesize findings from biochemical reconstitution, electrophysiological recordings, and in vivo studies to show that PSA can modulate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor open probability, burst duration, and cooperative gating without affecting conductance, thereby promoting long-term potentiation. Conversely, PSA selectively suppresses GluN2B-containing extrasynaptic N-methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity by lowering open probability and calcium influx, maintaining an optimal balance between potentiation and depression while providing neuroprotection. Disruption of PSA-NCAM signaling in developmental and disease models, including prenatal cannabinoid exposure and neurodegeneration, produces cognitive deficits reversible by PSA restoration. Notably, much of the current evidence derives from in vitro systems, with relatively few studies conducted in vivo, and studies employing PSA mimetics mostly, which should be considered when interpreting physiological relevance. Collectively, the available evidence suggests that PSA functions as an extracellular modulator linking synaptic glycans to glutamate receptor regulation and plasticity related signaling pathways, highlighting the potential importance of extracellular glycan mechanisms in the control of synaptic function.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Anti-Vaccine Legacy: Re-Emergence of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis in Children.","authors":"Maria-Delia Mihailov, Mirela Simona Manea, Ioana-Cristina Olariu, Gabriela Simona Doros","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7020044","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7020044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by persistent infection at this level with the wild measles virus. Its incidence is negatively correlated with measles vaccination coverage. The pathogenesis isn't fully understood, but infection before the age of 2 is an important risk factor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective observational study conducted at the Louis Turcanu Emergency Children's Hospital in Timisoara, Romania, based on the analysis of the medical records of patients diagnosed with SSPE between January 2021 and December 2025. We analyzed demographic and epidemiological factors, clinical and paraclinical findings, management, and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven children were diagnosed during the study period, with a mean age of 8.4 years (range 7-11 years). Six of them had contracted measles during their first year of life, and one at the age of four. The mean latency period was 7.1 years (range 4-9 years). On admission, all patients presented symptoms consistent with clinical stage II, with periodic slow wave discharges on electroencephalogram (EEG). The initial brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was normal in two cases, while revealing varied abnormalities in all others. Despite complex treatment with isoprinosine and anticonvulsants, progressive cognitive and neurological deterioration continued in all patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SSPE is a rare but serious, debilitating disease despite its complex, multidisciplinary care. Following a 10-year SSPE-free period, the reappearance of these pediatric cases constitutes a public health alert, unequivocally demonstrating the importance of measles vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}