NeuroSci最新文献

{"title":"ARFGEF2-Related Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Luca Andreoli, Davide Caputo, Fabio M Doniselli, Giuliana Messina, Elisa Granocchio, Barbara Castellotti, Elena Freri","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030063","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a genetically heterogeneous malformation of cortical development with variable neurological outcomes. Among recessive forms, <i>ARFGEF2</i>-related disorder is uniquely characterised by the association of diffuse PVNH and progressive microcephaly. We describe a two-year-old boy born to consanguineous parents who presented with severe developmental delay, hypotonia, progressive microcephaly, and infantile-onset epileptic spasms with developmental regression. Brain MRI showed extensive bilateral PVNH associated with callosal hypoplasia and ventriculomegaly. EEG revealed dysmature background activity with multifocal epileptiform discharges and runs of asynchronous fast activity during sleep. Genetic testing identified a novel homozygous nonsense variant in <i>ARFGEF2</i>. The clinical course was characterised by drug-resistant epilepsy and multisystemic involvement, including feeding difficulties and recurrent respiratory infections. To contextualise this case, we performed a comprehensive review of previously reported patients, further delineating the clinical, neuroradiological, and electroclinical spectrum of <i>ARFGEF2</i>-related disorder. This case highlights progressive microcephaly as a key distinguishing feature of <i>ARFGEF2</i>-related PVNH and underscores the importance of early genetic diagnosis to guide targeted surveillance for extra-CNS complications and multidisciplinary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Sellar Xanthogranulomas the Climax of a Spectrum of Secondary Inflammatory Reactions to Various Sellar Lesions?","authors":"Lennart W Sannwald, Andrej Pala, Dag Moskopp, Mats L Moskopp","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030062","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since 1999, sellar xanthogranulomas (XGs) have been recognized as a distinct pathological entity characterized by cholesterol clefts, macrophages, chronic inflammatory infiltrates with multinucleated giant cells, necrotic debris, and hemosiderin, suggesting a chronic inflammatory process with repetitive intralesional bleeding. This study aims to characterize the clinical phenomenology of the rare XG entity and to explore its correlation with other lesions. A retrospective screening was conducted of 628 sellar surgeries performed during the 2007-2024 period at a major communal hospital in Berlin and 529 surgeries between 2015 and 2024 at Ulm University. Eight XGs were analyzed. Eight XGs (0.6% of 1157 surgeries) showed mixed intra- and suprasellar localization. Visual deficits and endocrinological insufficiencies were the most common symptoms (four out of eight each). Visual recovery was favorable (three out of four complete, one out of four marked improvement), whereas endocrinological recovery was limited (one out of four). One patient experienced recurrence. Intraoperatively, seven out of eight lesions contained characteristic fluid described as 'golden water of Gdansk.' Postoperatively, transient arginine vasopressin deficiency occurred in four out of eight patients. The illustrative case demonstrated transformation of a Rathke's cleft cyst, while two cases were associated with pituitary adenomas. Sellar XGs are benign, chronic inflammatory and hemorrhagic lesions with low recurrence risk. Their frequent association with other sellar pathologies supports a secondary reactive origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensive Care Unit Room Characteristics and Association with the Development of Delirium.","authors":"Sharon Nguyen, Bilal Khoncarly, Timothy N Holbrook, Simran Demla, Xuan Wang, Leslie Rodriguez, Lavanya Srinivasan, Alexander Bastidas, Jennifer A Walker","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030061","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Delirium is associated with worse outcomes in critically ill patients. Factors that could reduce delirium are patients' environment and maintaining circadian cycles, but whether certain room characteristics improve the incidence of delirium is unclear. Our objective was to investigate whether the presence of windows or doors in patients' rooms is associated with lower rates of delirium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective, cohort study, adult, medical patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between 1 January 2024 and 1 July 2024 were identified. Clinical and room characteristics were collected. The primary outcome was the development of Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) positive status. Secondary outcomes included ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS) and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four hundred fifty-eight (458) patients met inclusion criteria (mean age 61.7 +/- 16.4 years; 51.3% male). In the adjusted multivariate analysis, neither the presence of windows (aOR 2.2; 95% CI 0.7-6.2; <i>p</i> = 0.155) nor closed-format rooms (aOR 0.1; 95% CI 0.0-1.2; <i>p</i> = 0.077) were significantly associated with CAM-ICU positivity. Although an initial association was observed between the presence of windows and increased hospital LOS (aMR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.8; <i>p</i> = 0.008), this did not maintain statistical significance after False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction (q > 0.05). No significant associations were found for other secondary outcomes, including ICU mortality or ICU LOS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Room characteristics were not significantly associated with delirium or secondary outcomes after FDR correction. However, given the study's limited power to detect moderate differences, these findings do not definitively rule out an architectural influence on delirium and warrant further investigation in larger cohorts. Studies with more discrete measurement of room characteristics are needed to investigate these associations further.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214964/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual Rationale for Combining Galantamine, Iontophoresis, and Black Sea Brine in Peripheral Neuropathy: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Mariya Ivanova, Liliya Panayotova-Ovcharova, Detelina Nedyalkova-Petkova, Petar Petkov, Georgi Boshev, Evgeniya Vladeva","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030060","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripheral neuropathy is a common and clinically heterogeneous neurological condition caused by metabolic, inflammatory, toxic, or traumatic factors and is associated with sensory deficits, neuropathic pain, motor impairment, and reduced functional capacity. Management remains challenging and often requires multimodal therapeutic approaches, as pharmacological monotherapy frequently provides incomplete symptom control.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This narrative review explores the conceptual rationale for combining galantamine with iontophoresis and Black Sea brine-based therapy as a potential multimodal strategy for peripheral neuropathy management.</p><p><strong>Main findings: </strong>Galantamine, a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and positive allosteric modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, has demonstrated neuroprotective, neuromodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties in experimental settings. Iontophoresis may provide a non-invasive method for targeted local drug delivery while reducing systemic exposure. Black Sea brine, widely used in Bulgarian balneological and rehabilitation practice, has been associated with improved circulation, pain reduction, and neuromuscular support. The reviewed evidence suggests biologically plausible complementary mechanisms; however, no direct clinical studies evaluating the combined intervention were identified.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Current evidence is indirect and derived from separate investigations of galantamine, iontophoresis, and brine-based therapy, as well as heterogeneous historical and regional sources. Therefore, the proposed combination should be considered hypothesis-generating rather than evidence-established.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combination of galantamine, iontophoresis, and Black Sea brine represents a potentially interesting multimodal concept for peripheral neuropathy rehabilitation. Well-designed preclinical and clinical studies are required to determine safety, feasibility, optimal treatment parameters, and therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral Artery Disease in Asian Ischaemic Stroke Patients-A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030059","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is found in 10.9% of patients with ischaemic stroke (IS). This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the prevalence of PAD and its risk factors among acute IS patients in Singapore. Patients admitted for IS were recruited. Data was collected on sex, age, body mass index (BMI), history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypercholesterolaemia, cigarette smoking, prior stroke (PS) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). IS was classified as a lacunar infarct (LI) or non-lacunar infarct (NLI) based on neuroimaging. Carotid intima-medial thickening (IMT) and carotid plaques (CP) were determined by ultrasonography. The ankle-brachial Index (ABI) was calculated in both lower limbs; PAD was diagnosed if the ABI was ≤0.9 in any limb. The estimated sample size was 150 subjects. In total, 150 subjects were recruited; the mean age was 62.7 ± 10.2 years, 44.7% were female, and the mean BMI was 24.1 ± 4.1. A total of 63.3% reported hypertension, 42.7% DM, 30.0% hypercholesterolaemia, 38.0% smoking, 18.7% PS, and 6.0% IHD. A total of 30.7% had IMT, 77.3% had CP, and 8.0% had carotid stenosis ≥50%. LI occurred in 64.7%. PAD was diagnosed in 22.0% (95% CI 16.1-29.3). On univariate analysis, based on vascular risk factors alone, PAD was associated with age (<i>p</i> = 0.03), hypercholesterolaemia (<i>p</i> = 0.03), and IHD (<i>p</i> = 0.004). On logistic regression, PAD was only associated with IHD (aOR 6.42, 95% CI 1.25-32.84; <i>p</i> = 0.03). When IMT and CP were added to the model, the association with IHD remained (aOR 5.45, 95% CI 1.03-28.71; <i>p</i> = 0.045). When the results of neuroimaging were added, the association was only with NLI (aOR 2.78, 95% CI 1.09-7.14; <i>p</i> = 0.03). This study found a high prevalence of PAD among Asian patients with IS. It was associated with a non-lacunar infarction.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Axonal Growth to Neurodegeneration: The Dual Role of Neurofilament Dynamics in Health and Disease.","authors":"Yikang An, Hongying Lan, Jialong Xiong, Ruoyan Jing, Dongjin Gu, Haoyang Zhang, Xinping Liu, Qi Zhao, Feng Wang","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030058","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurofilaments (NFs) are the predominant type IV intermediate filaments in differentiated neurons, functioning not just as static scaffolds, but as active drivers of radial axonal growth and nerve conduction velocity. While their physical properties are well characterized, a critical gap remains in synthesizing how their dynamic assembly and developmental subunit switching directly dictate neurodegenerative outcomes. This review breaks down the molecular architecture and stepwise kinetic assembly of NFs, detailing their role in polarized transport and the formation of a protective viscoelastic gel network within axons. We specifically highlight the physiological expression switching of early subunits, such as alpha-internexin and peripherin, during neuronal maturation, a process often overlooked in traditional structural reviews. By examining how specific gene mutations and aberrant hyperphosphorylation trigger axonal transport jams and protein aggregation, we map the direct pathways leading to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. Finally, we emphasize that a precise mechanistic decoding of NF structural dynamics and their pathological disruption is essential for understanding the fundamental etiology of these neurodegenerative conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-First vs. Body-First Models in Neurodegenerative Disease: A Perspective Review.","authors":"Giuseppe Forte, Maria Casagrande","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030057","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in neurodegenerative disease research increasingly support the existence of multiple trajectory signatures underlying the heterogeneity of cognitive decline syndromes. Originally proposed in Parkinson's disease, the brain-first and body-first models have emerged as conceptual frameworks to explain variability in disease onset, prodromal features, and progression across dementia-related disorders. Brain-first phenotypes are defined by the early emergence of central nervous system pathology and cognitive symptoms, whereas body-first phenotypes are characterized by prominent peripheral or autonomic dysfunctions that precede central involvement. Within this perspective, neurodegeneration is not viewed as a uniform, brain-restricted process, but a dynamic interaction between central, peripheral, and network-level mechanisms. Integrating central and peripheral biomarkers, autonomic physiology, and alterations in functional connectivity provides a coherent framework for interpreting phenotypic heterogeneity and prodromal dysregulation across dementia syndromes. Current evidence supporting brain-first and body-first trajectories is largely associative, and their clinical translation requires rigorous validation. Accordingly, this narrative perspective review aims to provide a critical and integrative conceptual framework that synthesizes existing evidence, identifies unresolved questions, and outlines research priorities for trajectory-based stratification, rather than offering a definitive diagnostic classification or pharmacological evaluation. The present work adopts a conceptual and mechanistic perspective rather than a clinically prescriptive or trial-oriented one. Its aim is to articulate a generative framework capable of producing testable hypotheses about disease trajectories and biomarker constellations across neurodegenerative syndromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HLA Class II Immunogenetic Profiles Shape Psychosis Outcomes in Cannabis Users: DRB5/DRB1*16 Vulnerability and DRB4/DRB3-Linked Protection, Particularly Against Schizophrenia.","authors":"Andrei Buciuta, Horia George Coman, Bogdan Nemeș, Mihaela Elvira Cimpianu, Radu Oroian, Mihaela Laura Vică Matei, Horea-Vladi Matei","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030056","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Only a subset of cannabis users develop persistent psychosis, implying that genetic vulnerability modulates risk. HLA-DR/DQ variation is a strong non-dopaminergic risk locus for schizophrenia, but its role in cannabis-related psychosis is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied 296 cannabis users from Romanian psychiatric services, grouped as non-psychosis (0), non-schizophrenia psychosis (1) and schizophrenia (2). High-resolution HLA-DRB1, DRB3/4/5 and inferred DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes were tested using Fisher's exact tests with FDR correction in a universal contrast (0 vs. 1+2) and 0-1-2 pairwise comparisons, with Firth logistic regression and resampling as supportive analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the universal analysis, DRB1*16, DRB5 and the DRB1*16-DQB1*05 haplotype were associated with roughly two- to threefold higher odds of psychosis, whereas DRB1*07 and DRB4/DRB3 paralogs showed protective effects or trends. In the 0-1-2 contrasts, DRB1*16 was enriched in non-schizophrenia psychosis. DRB4/DRB3 paralogs were under-represented in schizophrenia relative to both cannabis users without psychosis and those with non-schizophrenia psychosis, suggesting a schizophrenia-specific protective association. Firth models supported effect directions but were underpowered.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HLA class II immunogenetic background may modify psychosis risk among cannabis users: DRB5/DRB1*16-containing backgrounds were associated with increased vulnerability, whereas DRB4/DRB3 paralogs were associated with reduced schizophrenia risk in this cohort. These findings are hypothesis-generating, do not establish causality, and warrant replication in larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapamycin and Minocycline Treatment Does Not Rescue Behavioral and Molecular Changes Induced by Early-Life Seizures in Female Mice.","authors":"Sydney F Pell, Katherine J Blandin, Taylor R Bradish, Chloe V Lau, Danielle Santana-Coelho, Madison Wallis, Colton W Kelley, Josh J Thayil, Ashley Smelley, Gautham Cheliah, David A Narvaiz, Kendall N Lally, Leighton Douglas, Joaquin N Lugo","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030055","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early-life seizures lead to long-term behavioral deficits, stimulate cytokine release, and disrupt the intracellular PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. This study examined whether inhibiting the mTOR pathway, neuroinflammatory signaling, or both reduces behavioral comorbidities in adulthood. Female C57BL/6J mice received kainic acid on postnatal day 10 to induce status epilepticus. Three hours later, the mice were treated with saline, minocycline, rapamycin, or both. Three months later, behavioral assessments were conducted that measured activity, anxiety, social behavior, repetitive behavior, and learning. Early-life seizures resulted in social behavior deficits in the social chamber test, altered anxiety in the elevated plus maze, and an increase in repetitive behavior in the nose poke assay. Rapamycin and minocycline/rapamycin groups showed reduced distance traveled in the saline groups. We did not find any changes in cytokines IL6, IL-1β, and TNFα in the hippocampus or cortex using RT-qPCR. Through Western blotting, we found that rapamycin reduced the phosphorylated S6 levels. Minocycline decreased phosphorylated S6 in controls, but restored phosphorylated S6 levels in the seizure group. Early-life seizures had long-term impacts on behavioral comorbidities. Rapamycin and minocycline, alone or combined, did not restore the behavioral or molecular changes after early-life seizures. These findings clarify the behavioral outcomes after early-life seizures and therapeutic modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of Behavioral and fNIRS Neural Responses: Assessments During Posture-Inhibitory Control Dual Tasking.","authors":"Wan-Chun Su, Tony George, Marc H Bornstein, Thien Nguyen, Amir Gandjbakhche","doi":"10.3390/neurosci7030054","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci7030054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Posture-inhibitory control dual-tasking is critical for safe daily functioning. Although functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a non-invasive neuroimaging tool, is increasingly used to examine neural mechanisms of dual-tasking, its reliability across posture transitions remains unclear. This study examined the reliability of behavioral and neural measures during sit-to-stand transitions and explored the neural mechanisms underlying posture-inhibitory control dual-tasking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen healthy adults (M age 42.8, SE = 3.3) completed tasks with varying posture challenges (sitting, standing, and tandem stance) and inhibitory demands (no task, congruent, and incongruent). Cortical activation was measured using fNIRS and reassessed after a 1 min sit-to-stand task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under lower task demands, activation in prefrontal and pre/postcentral regions increased with greater postural and inhibitory load, whereas this pattern reversed under higher demands. Behavioral performance demonstrated poor-to-excellent reliability (ICC range: 0.24 to 0.95; |r| = 0.33-0.97), whereas fNIRS measures showed poor-to-good reliability following sit-to-stand transitions (ICC range: <0 to 0.72; |r| = 0.02-0.79). Exploratory analyses suggested a shift from under- to over-additive cortical activation after posture transitions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings support the Capacity Sharing Theory, suggesting that postural and cognitive tasks compete for shared resources. Additionally, our findings reveal variable reliability of behavioral and neural measures across posture transitions. Future studies should account for postural changes when interpreting behavioral and neural findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}