NeuroSci最新文献

{"title":"Ethanolamine and Vinyl-Ether Moieties in Brain Phospholipids Modulate Behavior in Rats.","authors":"Mst Zenika Nasrin, Shuhei Kikuchi, Yasuhiro Uchimura, Mina Yoshioka, Shin-Ya Morita, Tomoya Kobayashi, Yusuke Kinoshita, Yoshio Furusho, Hitoshi Tamiaki, Daijiro Yanagisawa, Jun Udagawa","doi":"10.3390/neurosci5040037","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci5040037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasmalogens are brain-enriched phospholipids with a vinyl-ether bond at the <i>sn</i>-1 position between the glycerol backbone and the alkyl chain. Previous studies have suggested that plasmalogens modulate locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and cognitive functions in rodents; however, the specific moieties contributing to behavioral regulation are unknown. In this study, we examined the behavioral modulation induced by specific phospholipid moieties. To confirm the permeability of phospholipids in injected liposomes, we measured the fluorescence intensity following intravenous injection of liposomes containing ATTO 740-labeled dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. Then, we compared the behavioral effects following injection of liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-<i>sn</i>-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PE 18:0/22:6), PC 18:0/22:6, 1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-docosahexaenoyl-<i>sn</i>-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PE P-18:0/22:6), or PC P-18:0/22:6, into the tail vein of male rats. The time spent in the central region of the open field was significantly reduced after injection of PE 18:0/22:6, harboring an ester bond at <i>sn</i>-1 compared to controls. Furthermore, the discrimination ratio in the novel object recognition test was significantly higher in PC 18:0/22:6 compared to PE 18:0/22:6, suggesting that the substitution of ethanolamine with choline can enhance recognition memory. We demonstrate that the structures of the <i>sn</i>-1 bond and the hydrophilic moiety in the phospholipids can modulate exploratory behaviors and recognition memory in rodents.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"5 4","pages":"509-522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre- and Post-Operative Cognitive Assessment in Patients Undergoing Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights from the PEARL Project.","authors":"Valentina Fiolo, Enrico Giuseppe Bertoldo, Silvana Pagliuca, Sara Boveri, Sara Pugliese, Martina Anguissola, Francesca Gelpi, Beatrice Cairo, Vlasta Bari, Alberto Porta, Edward Callus","doi":"10.3390/neurosci5040035","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci5040035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a common valvular heart disease affecting millions of people worldwide. It leads to significant neurocognitive and neuropsychological impairments, impacting patients' quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this article is to identify and discuss the potential neurocognitive effects on patients with aortic stenosis before and after undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Our study involved the assessment of 64 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (SAVR) using a neurocognitive evaluation comprising a battery of 11 different cognitive tests. These tests were designed to analyze the patients' overall cognitive functioning, executive abilities, short- and long-term memory, and attentional performance. The tests were administered to patients before the aortic valve surgery (T0) and after the surgery (T1). From a statistical perspective, numerical variables are presented as means (±standard deviation) and medians (IQR), while categorical variables are presented as counts and percentages. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. T0 and T1 scores were compared with the Wilcoxon signed rank test, with <i>p</i> < 0.05 considered significant. Analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conducted as part of a fully financed Italian Ministry of Health project (RF-2016-02361069), the study found that most patients showed normal cognitive functioning at baseline. Cognitive assessments showed that executive functions, attention, language, and semantic knowledge were within the normal range for the majority of participants. After SAVR, cognitive outcomes remained stable or improved, particularly in executive functions and language. Notably, verbal episodic memory demonstrated significant improvement, with the percentage of patients scoring within the normal range on the BSRT increasing from 73.4% at T0 to 92.2% at T1 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). However, visuospatial and visuoconstructive abilities showed stability or slight decline, while attentional skills remained relatively stable. The Clock Drawing Test indicated the maintenance of cognitive functions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of our study indicate a global stability in cognitive status among patients after undergoing SAVR, with significant improvement noted in verbal episodic memory. While other cognitive domains did not demonstrate statistically significant changes, these insights are valuable for understanding the cognitive effects of SAVR and can guide future research and clinical practice in selecting the most effective surgical and rehabilitative options for patients. Monitoring cognitive outcomes in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement surgery remains crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"5 4","pages":"485-500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Intersection of Ultra-Processed Foods, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and Neurolaw: Implications for Criminal Justice.","authors":"Susan L Prescott, Kathleen F Holton, Christopher A Lowry, Jeffrey J Nicholson, Alan C Logan","doi":"10.3390/neurosci5030028","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci5030028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last decade there has been increasing interest in the links between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and various neuropsychiatric disorders, aggression, and antisocial behavior. Neurolaw is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to translate the rapid and voluminous advances in brain science into legal decisions and policy. An enhanced understanding of biophysiological mechanisms by which ultra-processed foods influence brain and behavior allows for a historical reexamination of one of forensic neuropsychiatry's most famous cases-<i>The People v. White</i> and its associated 'Twinkie Defense'. Here in this Viewpoint article, we pair original court transcripts with emergent research in neurolaw, including nutritional neuroscience, microbiome sciences (legalome), pre-clinical mechanistic research, and clinical intervention trials. Advances in neuroscience, and related fields such as the microbiome, are challenging basic assumptions in the criminal justice system, including notions of universal free will. Recent dismissals of criminal charges related to auto-brewery syndrome demonstrate that courts are open to advances at the intersection of neuromicrobiology and nutritional neuroscience, including those that relate to criminal intent and diminished capacity. As such, it is our contention that experts in the neurosciences will play an increasing role in shaping research that underpins 21st-century courtroom discourse, policy, and decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"5 3","pages":"354-377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11477939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Evidence That Design Fluency Is Related to Dual-Task Treadmill Gait Variability in Healthy Adults.","authors":"Christopher I Higginson, Morgan K Bifano, Kelly M Seymour, Rachel L Orr, Kurt M DeGoede, Jill S Higginson","doi":"10.3390/neurosci5030026","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci5030026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence supporting a link between gait and cognition is accumulating. However, the relation between executive functioning and spatiotemporal gait parameters has received little attention. This is surprising since these gait variables are related to falls. The goal of this preliminary study was to determine whether performance on measures of inhibition, reasoning, and fluency is related to variability in stride length and step width during dual-task treadmill walking in a sample of healthy adults. Nineteen healthy adults averaging 40 years of age were evaluated. Results indicated that processing speed was reduced, <i>t</i>(18) = 6.31, <i>p</i> = 0.0001, step width increased, <i>t</i>(18) = -8.00, <i>p</i> = 0.0001, and stride length decreased, <i>t</i>(18) = 3.06, <i>p</i> = 0.007, while dual tasking, but variability in gait parameters did not significantly change, consistent with a gait/posture-first approach. As hypothesized, better performance on a visual design fluency task which assesses cognitive flexibility was associated with less dual-task stride length variability, <i>r_s</i> (17) = -0.43, <i>p</i> = 0.034, and step width variability, <i>r</i> = -0.56, <i>p</i> = 0.006. The results extend previous findings with older adults walking over ground and additionally suggest that cognitive flexibility may be important for gait maintenance while dual tasking.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"5 3","pages":"328-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11469740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory Processing Challenges in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Genetic Conditions: An Observational Study.","authors":"Ekaine Rodríguez-Armendariz, María Vela-Romero, Adrián Galiana","doi":"10.3390/neurosci5030027","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci5030027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensory processing challenges are crucial yet often neglected aspects in the care of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic conditions. They represent a key area of interest in neuroscience, as they significantly impact children's daily functioning and quality of life. This observational study examines these challenges in a group of 614 children, aged 3 to 14 years and 11 months, divided into three groups: 183 with neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental delays, and learning disorders), 89 with genetic conditions (22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Williams syndrome, and pseudohypoparathyroidism), and 342 controls. Sensory processing was assessed using Sensory Profile 2 (SP2). Results indicated that children with neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic conditions exhibited significant sensory processing difficulties compared to controls. SP2 identified distinct sensory challenges across different sensory systems, varying by diagnosis. Notably, genetic conditions appeared to have a more generalised impact across multiple sensory systems, while neurodevelopmental disorders tended to affect specific systems more narrowly. These findings highlight the importance of early identification and tailored evidence-based interventions to address these specific sensory processing issues. Further research should explore the long-term impact of these interventions in these different populations and their integration into broader therapeutic programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"5 3","pages":"339-353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11467969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Symptom Profiles, and Correlates of Mixed Anxiety-Depression in Male and Female Autistic Youth.","authors":"Vicki Bitsika, Christopher F Sharpley, Kirstan A Vessey, Ian D Evans","doi":"10.3390/neurosci5030025","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci5030025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relatively little attention has been given to mixed anxiety and depression in autistic youth, particularly how this differs between males and females. This study investigated sex-based differences in the prevalence and correlates of mixed anxiety and depression in a sample of 51 autistic males (<i>M</i> age = 10.16 yr, SD = 2.81 yr, and range = 6 yr to 17 yr) and 51 autistic females (M age = - 10.07 yr, SD = 2.76 yr, and range = 6 yr to 17 yr), matched for age, IQ, and autism severity. Self-reports on generalised anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder, morning salivary cortisol, ADOS-2 scores, and WASI-II full-scale scores were collected from these autistic youth, and data on the ASD-related symptoms of these youth were collected from their parents. The data were analysed for total anxiety-depression score levels, for the underlying components of this scale, and for the individual items used in the scale. The results indicate no significant sex differences for the prevalence of mixed anxiety and depression total scores or the underlying components of anxiety and depression or for the individual items of the mixed anxiety-depression scale. There were sex differences in the significant correlates of mixed anxiety and depression: morning cortisol and ASD-related difficulties in social interaction for females, and ASD-related behaviour for males. Males' feelings of being restless or edgy were correlated with their social interaction and repetitive and restricted behaviour. Females' difficulties in social interaction were correlated with their concerns about their abilities and their sleeping problems. Females' sleeping problems, their tendency to talk about dying, and feeling worthless, were correlated with their morning cortisol. These findings suggest that, while mixed anxiety and depression is experienced similarly by autistic males and females at the global, component, and individual item levels, specific aspects of the symptomatology of mixed anxiety and depression are differently associated with aspects of their ASD-related symptomatology and their levels of chronic physiological stress for males and females.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"5 3","pages":"315-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11477927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Effect of <i>Padina arborescens</i> Extract on a Cell System Model for Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Dong Hwan Ho, Hyejung Kim, Daleum Nam, Mi Kyoung Seo, Sung Woo Park, Dong-Kyu Kim, Ilhong Son","doi":"10.3390/neurosci5030024","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci5030024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and α-synuclein are involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The activity of LRRK2 in microglial cells is associated with neuroinflammation, and LRRK2 inhibitors are crucial for alleviating this neuroinflammatory response. α-synuclein contributes to oxidative stress in the dopaminergic neuron and neuroinflammation through Toll-like receptors in microglia. In this study, we investigated the effect of the marine alga <i>Padina arborescens</i> on neuroinflammation by examining LRRK2 activation and the aggregation of α-synuclein. <i>P. arborescens</i> extract inhibits LRRK2 activity in vitro and decreases lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced LRRK2 upregulation in BV2, a mouse microglial cell line. Treatment with <i>P. arborescens</i> extract decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression by LPS through LRRK2 inhibition in BV2. It also attenuated TNF-α gene expression, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and the release of TNF-α and cellular nitric oxide in rat primary microglia. Furthermore, <i>P. arborescens</i> extract prevented rotenone (RTN)-induced oxidative stress in primary rat astrocytes and inhibited α-synuclein fibrilization in an in vitro assay using recombinant α-synuclein and in the differentiated human dopaminergic neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y (dSH). The extract increased lysosomal activity in dSH cells. In addition, <i>P. arborescens</i> extract slightly prolonged the lifespan of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, which was reduced by RTN treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"5 3","pages":"301-314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11469749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workflow and Short-Term Functional Outcomes in Simultaneous Acute Code Stroke Activation and Stroke Reperfusion Therapy.","authors":"Robert Joseph Sarmiento, Amanda Wagner, Asif Sheriff, Colleen Taralson, Nadine Moniz, Jason Opsahl, Thomas Jeerakathil, Brian Buck, William Sevcik, Ashfaq Shuaib, Mahesh Kate","doi":"10.3390/neurosci5030023","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci5030023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The burden of simultaneous acute code stroke activation (ACSA) is not known. We aim to assess the effect of simultaneous ACSA on workflow metrics and home time at 90 days in patients undergoing reperfusion therapies in the emergency department. Simultaneous ACSA was defined as code activation within 60 min of the arrival of any patient receiving intravenous thrombolysis, within 150 min of the arrival of any patient receiving endovascular thrombectomy, within 45 min of the arrival of any patient receiving no reperfusion therapies (based on mean local door-to-needle and door-to-puncture times). Simultaneous ACSA was further graded as 1, 2 and 3. We assessed workflow metrics as door-to-CT (DTC) time, in minutes, and functional outcome as home time at 90 days. A total of 2605 patients were assessed as ACSA at a mean ± SD activations of 130.8 ± 17.1/month and 859 (33%) were simultaneous. Among all ACSA, 545 (20.9%) underwent acute reperfusion therapy with a mean age of 70.6 ± 14.2 years, 45.9% (n = 254) were female with a median (IQR) NIHSS of 13 (8-18). A total of 220 (40.4%) patients underwent simultaneous treatments. The median DTC time, in minutes, was prolonged in grade 3 simultaneous ACSA (18 (13, 28)) compared to non-simultaneous ACSA (15 (11, 21) β = 0.23, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). There was no difference in the median home time at 90 days between the simultaneous (58, 0-84.5 days) and non-simultaneous (54, 0-85 days) patients. Simultaneous ACSA is frequent in patients receiving acute reperfusion therapies. An optimal workflow in high-volume centers may help mitigate the clinical and system burden associated with simultaneity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"5 3","pages":"291-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11469737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary Transcriptome and Mitochondrial Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Children Compared to Healthy Controls.","authors":"Mark Cannon, Ryan Toma, Sri Ganeshan, Emmery de Jesus Alvarez Varela, Momchilo Vuyisich, Guruduth Banavar","doi":"10.3390/neurosci5030022","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci5030022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism rates have been reported to be increasing rapidly in industrialized societies. The pathology most often combines neurological symptoms associated with language and social impairments with gastrointestinal symptoms. This study aimed to measure differences in oral metatranscriptome and mitochondrial health between ASD children and neurotypical USA and Colombia (\"Blue Zone\") children. In addition, this study aimed to determine whether using prebiotics and probiotics would change the oral microbiome and mitochondrial health of ASD children. Buccal swabs and saliva samples were obtained from 30 autistic individuals (USA) at three intervals: prior to intervention, post-prebiotic, and post-probiotic. In addition, a subject component who were neurotypical, which included individuals from the USA (30) and Colombia (30), had buccal swabbing and salivary sampling performed for metatranscriptomic and mitochondrial comparison. Significant differences were observed in the temporal data, demonstrating shifts that interventions with probiotics and polyols may have precipitated. Particular bacterial strains were significantly more prevalent in the autism group, including a strain that reduced neurotransmitter levels via enzymatic degradation. This supports the hypothesis that the microbiome may influence the occurrence and degree of autism. Verbal skills increased in six of the 30 ASD subjects following xylitol and three more after probiotic supplementation, according to both parental reports and the subjects' healthcare providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"5 3","pages":"276-290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11467968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Practical Guide to Manual and Semi-Automated Neurosurgical Brain Lesion Segmentation.","authors":"Raunak Jain, Faith Lee, Nianhe Luo, Harpreet Hyare, Anand S Pandit","doi":"10.3390/neurosci5030021","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci5030021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the article is to provide a practical guide for manual and semi-automated image segmentation of common neurosurgical cranial lesions, namely meningioma, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), for neurosurgical trainees and researchers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The medical images used were sourced from the Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Interventions Society (MICCAI) Multimodal Brain Tumour Segmentation Challenge (BRATS) image database and from the local Picture Archival and Communication System (PACS) record with consent. Image pre-processing was carried out using MRIcron software (v1.0.20190902). ITK-SNAP (v3.8.0) was used in this guideline due to its availability and powerful built-in segmentation tools, although others (Seg3D, Freesurfer and 3D Slicer) are available. Quality control was achieved by employing expert segmenters to review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A pipeline was developed to demonstrate the pre-processing and manual and semi-automated segmentation of patient images for each cranial lesion, accompanied by image guidance and video recordings. Three sample segmentations were generated to illustrate potential challenges. Advice and solutions were provided within both text and video.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Semi-automated segmentation methods enhance efficiency, increase reproducibility, and are suitable to be incorporated into future clinical practise. However, manual segmentation remains a highly effective technique in specific circumstances and provides initial training sets for the development of more advanced semi- and fully automated segmentation algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":74294,"journal":{"name":"NeuroSci","volume":"5 3","pages":"265-275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}