Neuroimage. Reports最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the relationship between thalamic iron concentration and disease severity in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis using quantitative susceptibility mapping: Cross-sectional analysis from the MS-STAT2 randomised controlled trial","authors":"Thomas Williams , Nevin John , Alberto Calvi , Alessia Bianchi , Floriana De Angelis , Anisha Doshi , Sarah Wright , Madiha Shatila , Marios C. Yiannakas , Fatima Chowdhury , Jon Stutters , Antonio Ricciardi , Ferran Prados , David MacManus , Francesco Grussu , Anita Karsa , Becky Samson , Marco Battiston , Claudia A.M. Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott , Karin Shmueli , Judy Beveridge","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Deep grey matter pathology is a key driver of disability worsening in people with multiple sclerosis. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique which quantifies local magnetic susceptibility from variations in phase produced by changes in the local magnetic field. In the deep grey matter, susceptibility has previously been validated against tissue iron concentration. However, it currently remains unknown whether susceptibility is abnormal in older progressive MS cohorts, and whether it correlates with disability.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To investigate differences in mean regional susceptibility in deep grey matter between people with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and healthy controls; to examine in patients the relationships between deep grey matter susceptibility and clinical and imaging measures of disease severity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Baseline data from a subgroup of the MS-STAT2 trial (simvastatin vs. placebo in SPMS, NCT03387670) were included. The subgroup underwent clinical assessments and an advanced MRI protocol at 3T. A cohort of age-matched healthy controls underwent the same MRI protocol. Susceptibility maps were reconstructed using a robust QSM pipeline from multi-echo 3D gradient-echo sequence. Regions of interest (ROIs) in the thalamus, globus pallidus and putamen were segmented from 3D T1-weighted images, and lesions segmented from 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Linear regression was used to compare susceptibility from ROIs between patients and controls, adjusting for age and sex. Where significant differences were found, we further examined the associations between ROI susceptibility and clinical and imaging measures of MS severity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>149 SPMS (77% female; mean age: 53 yrs; median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 6.0 [interquartile range 4.5–6.0]) and 33 controls (52% female, mean age: 57) were included.</p><p>Thalamic susceptibility was significantly lower in SPMS compared to controls: mean (SD) 28.6 (12.8) parts per billion (ppb) in SPMS vs. 39.2 (12.7) ppb in controls; regression coefficient: −12.0 [95% confidence interval: −17.0 to −7.1], p < 0.001. In contrast, globus pallidus and putamen susceptibility were similar between both groups.</p><p>In SPMS, a 10 ppb lower thalamic susceptibility was associated with a +0.13 [+0.01 to +0.24] point higher EDSS (p < 0.05), a −2.4 [−3.8 to −1.0] point lower symbol digit modality test (SDMT, p = 0.001), and a −2.4 [−3.7 to −1.1] point lower Sloan low contrast acuity, 2.5% (p < 0.01).</p><p>Lower thalamic susceptibility was also strongly associated with a higher T2 lesion volume (T2LV, p < 0.001) and lower normalised whole brain, deep grey matter and thalamic volumes (all p < 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The reduced thalamic susceptibility found in SPMS compared to controls sug","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000229/pdfft?md5=5997b8a4e7540c4e26ae502b8ece2d80&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000229-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early alterations of thalami- and hippocampi-cortical functional connectivity as biomarkers of seizures after traumatic brain injury","authors":"Marina Weiler ,&nbsp;Evan S. Lutkenhoff ,&nbsp;Brunno M. de Campos ,&nbsp;Raphael F. Casseb ,&nbsp;Paul M. Vespa ,&nbsp;Martin M. Monti ,&nbsp;for the EpiBioS4Rx Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Epilepsy Bioinformatics Study for Antiepileptogenic Therapy (EpiBioS4Rx, project 3) is a prospective multicenter clinical observational study to identify early biomarkers of epileptogenesis after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We used a seed-based approach applied to acute (i.e., ≤14 days) fMRI imaging data, directly testing the hypothesis that the presence of seizures up to two years following brain trauma is associated with functional changes within hippocampi and thalami-cortical networks. Additionally, we hypothesized that the network connectivity involving thalami and hippocampi circuits underlying early and late-onset seizures would differ. Approximately 30% of the initial dataset was deemed unusable due to MRI issues. Approximately 50% of the enrolled sample was lost to a 2-year follow-up. After preprocessing the fMRI data, approximately 40% of the follow-up sample had to be excluded from the analysis due to excessive in-scanner movements, as assessed by state-of-the-art quality control protocols. Only 37 patients provided data that was suitable for the seed-based analysis. Despite these challenges, the remaining, high-quality data returned noteworthy findings. We identified specific hippocampi and thalami biomarkers associated with both early and late seizures following TBI (p &lt; .05, FWE-corrected at the cluster level). The predictive capability for the development of late seizures after TBI, when adding fMRI data to demographic and clinical data, provided 88% accuracy — an additional 8% improvement compared to using demographic and clinical data alone. Our findings highlight the potential of fMRI for uncovering, in hippocampal and thalamic cortical networks, biomarkers of early and late seizures following TBI. However, they also highlight the important challenges that need to be overcome in order for fMRI to become an effective biomarker and prognostic tool in the intensive care context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000230/pdfft?md5=b449d86d05b9753ff7a4675391a7d9ec&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000230-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuum topological derivative - A novel application tool for segmentation of CT and MRI images","authors":"Viswanath Muthukrishnan ,&nbsp;Sandeep Jaipurkar ,&nbsp;Nedumaran Damodaran","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100215","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are essential tools for unraveling anatomical and tissue properties, particularly in the head and brain. CT provides high-contrast images, particularly valuable in cases such as cerebral bleeds, and also aids in estimating cranial deformities and organ shape deviations. MRI, on the other hand, offers excellent imaging of cerebral artery regions, allowing analysis of various cerebral pathologies through different sequences. Beyond detecting common head and brain disorders, these modalities play a crucial role in identifying abnormalities in orbits, middle cerebral artery territories, brain ventricles, soft tissues, and bones. A unique aspect of brain MRI is its ability to produce multiplanar brain assessments. Both head/brain CT and MRI are invaluable for studying haemorrhage cases, with segmentation of affected areas providing detailed images for further analysis. This study explores the application of a novel mathematical technique, continuum topological derivative (CTD), for CT and MR image segmentation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The initial stage of Continuum Topological Derivative (CTD) segmentation involves preprocessing CT and MR images due to their susceptibility to inherent noises, such as quantum mottle, and Gaussian and Rayleigh noises, respectively. In this study, we have implemented the CTD denoising algorithm to produce denoised CT/MR images, serving as ground truth for subsequent segmentation steps. Validation of the denoised CTD CT/MR images was conducted through minimal residual value computation across all case studies. Following this, segmentation of the region of interest was performed using the CTD technique, with comparisons made against Discrete Topological Derivatives (DTD), k-mean clustering and Adaptive Threshold methods. Evaluation of the proposed CTD algorithm's effectiveness in segmentation involved calculating performance metrics such as Jaccard and dice indices to assess spatial overlap of segmented images.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The CTD technique yields excellent segmentation results, not only for the delineated region of interest but also for volume-based cerebral blood areas and anomalies in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and its territorial areas, which are substantiated through performance metrics and visual inspection by trained radiologist. This aids in determining the severity of stroke in affected patients. Additionally, a unique attempt is made to apply CTD to Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) images of the lungs for precise estimation of the breathing cycle. CTD successfully generates standardized images, demonstrating attenuation and density characteristics for cerebral cisterns, arteries, and ventricles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The denoised images obtained through CTD facilitate thorough analysis of both normal and pathological conditions, providing radiologists with enhanced capa","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000217/pdfft?md5=e00786ad1e1b5c9b31d74350ad01cd38&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000217-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FreeSurfer version-shuffling can enhance brain age predictions","authors":"Max Korbmacher ,&nbsp;Lars T. Westlye ,&nbsp;Ivan I. Maximov","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000205/pdfft?md5=caaeb79582670108a1d695dad2b0f29d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000205-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141630667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical thickness differences between hearing and perinatally deaf cats using ultra-high field MRI","authors":"Stephen G. Gordon ,&nbsp;Alessandra Sacco ,&nbsp;Stephen G. Lomber","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the absence of hearing, the plastic nature of the cerebral cortex allows select regions to be repurposed to serve the processing of remaining sensory modalities. This plasticity can be observed in many ways, including measuring the thickness differences of cortical gray matter between hearing and deaf populations to detect regional adaptations. In this study, T1-weighted images were acquired for hearing (n = 38) and perinatally-deafened (n = 31) cats using an ultra-high field 7T MRI scanner to identify normative feline cortical thickness, as well as areas of differing thickness between groups. Most significant changes to sensory-related regions demonstrated thicker cortices in the deaf compared to the hearing group, while specific non-sensory regions were found to be thinner. Furthermore, there was a modest lateralized component, finding that the gray matter of the left hemisphere was more susceptible to thickness changes following auditory deprivation. These results suggest distinct factors driving the adaptations in sensory versus non-sensory cortices in the brain following deafness, and reinforces the task-retainment model of crossmodal plasticity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000199/pdfft?md5=798bbfe4237540f5cb1ca143a14db676&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000199-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Get ready! High urgency reduces beta band cortico-muscular coherence during motor preparation","authors":"Welber Marinovic ,&nbsp;Reon Boyd ,&nbsp;An Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Motor preparation is a dynamic process that is tuned to task demands such as urgency. This study examined the effect of urgency to move on cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) in the beta frequency band during motor preparation. Participants (n = 25) prepared for a rapid wrist flexion movement under two distinct scenarios: high (350 ms to prepare) and low (1400 ms to prepare) urgency. Before participants performed the ballistic actions, they were required to hold a light contraction of the flexor carpi radialis muscle for 3 s. During this holding time, we simultaneously obtained EEG and EMG signals to estimate their coherence —a measure of how much brain and muscle activity is synchronized at specific rhythms— over the last 1 s of the contraction interval.</p><p>Contrary to our hypothesis, we found greater CMC in conditions of low urgency rather than high urgency. This finding suggests that participants prioritized attending to the visual stimuli, dividing their attention to capture the preparation go-signal, rather than preparing the motor system, leading to a reduction in CMC. This interpretation suggests a cognitive-motor trade-off, wherein attentional resources are allocated more to sensory processing that to motor preparedness in urgent situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000187/pdfft?md5=eab59dbdd1d784271be5be82c75ba2f0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000187-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory study of associations between monetary reward anticipation brain responses and mu-opioid signalling in alcohol dependence, gambling disorder and healthy controls","authors":"Samuel Turton ,&nbsp;Louise M. Paterson ,&nbsp;James FM. Myers ,&nbsp;Inge Mick ,&nbsp;Chen-Chia Lan ,&nbsp;John McGonigle ,&nbsp;Henrietta Bowden-Jones ,&nbsp;Luke Clark ,&nbsp;David J. Nutt ,&nbsp;Anne R. Lingford-Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alcohol dependence (AD) and gambling disorder (GD) are common addiction disorders with significant physical and mental health consequences. AD and GD are associated with dysregulated responses to reward which could be due to a common mechanism of dysregulated endogenous opioid signalling. We explored associations between reward anticipation responses, using the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task, and mu-opioid receptor (MOR) availability and endogenous opioid release capacity using [¹¹C]carfentanil positron emission tomography (PET), in 13 AD, 15 GD and 14 heathy control (HC) participants. We also examined differences in MID task reward anticipation responses between AD, GD and HC participants. These were secondary exploratory analysis of data collected to examine differences in MOR PET in addiction. We did not find significant differences in MID win &gt; neutral anticipation BOLD responses compared between participant groups in a priori ROIs (ventral striatum, putamen, caudate) or whole brain analyses. We found no significant correlations between MID win &gt; neutral anticipation BOLD responses and [¹¹C]carfentanil PET measures, except for limited negative correlations between putamen MOR availability and MID win &gt; neutral anticipation BOLD response in AD participants. Previous research has suggested a limited role of endogenous opioid signalling on MID task reward anticipation responses in AD and HCs as these responses are not modulated by opioid receptor blockade and this may explain our lack of significant correlations in HC and AD or GD participants. Our results, particularly the lack of differences in MID win &gt; neutral anticipation BOLD responses across participants groups, may be limited due to only including AD or GD participants who are abstinent or in active treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000175/pdfft?md5=1661534afef59978e88e3402cec8b46b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000175-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High angular resolution diffusion-weighted imaging and higher order tractography of the white matter tracts in the anterior thalamic area: Insights into deep brain stimulation targeting","authors":"Ruhunur Özdemir ,&nbsp;Kai Lehtimäki ,&nbsp;Eetu Siitama ,&nbsp;Timo Möttönen ,&nbsp;Joonas Haapasalo ,&nbsp;Soila Järvenpää ,&nbsp;Hannu Eskola ,&nbsp;Jukka Peltola","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) is emerging EU/US-approved form of therapy for drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood, and the patient outcomes in epilepsy appear less consistent compared to for instance movement disorders. Furthermore, very little anatomy-based information, such as tractography of relevant fiber systems, exists guiding DBS therapy at present.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To demonstrate ANT-related fiber systems based on histology in vivo employing multi-shell/multi-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution (MSMT-CSD) based deterministic and probabilistic tractography using a sophisticated scanning protocol of 3T high angular resolution diffusion-weighted imaging (HARDI) data in healthy volunteers.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>HARDI data was acquired from five healthy volunteers in a 3T Siemens MAGNETOM Skyra Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine using multiple b-values (1000, 2000, and 3000), 64 directions, and further preprocessed for tractography. MSMT-CSD-based deterministic and probabilistic tractography was performed from selected fiber systems based on existing literature.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Multiple fiber systems were identified: The anterior thalamic radiation (ANT), the thalamo-cingulate tract, the inferior thalamic peduncle (with remote termination areas in the amygdala, the ventral tegmental area, and the occipital cortex), and the mammillothalamic tract. In addition, we observed three parallel connections to the hippocampus (via the cingulum bundle, the fornix, and the temporo-pulvinar pathway). Interestingly, different seed areas in ANT complex mimicking DBS contact locations resulted in visualization of different fiber systems.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The connections of the ANT are complex and different stimulation sites are likely to affect different networks depending on lead locations and the selection of the active contact.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In-depth understanding of the network of anatomical structures related to the ANT is likely to influence therapy outcomes. A hypothetical model of neuronal networks affected by different DBS lead contact locations is proposed. A more profound understanding of neuroanatomic characteristics may guide stereotactic implantation and subsequent programming to optimize outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000163/pdfft?md5=42df558f7a40d65683ac95fcc8f6f8a5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000163-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive examination of resting state fMRI connectomics yields new insights into brain function deficits in Gulf War illness after accounting for heterogeneity in brain impairment across the ill veteran population","authors":"Gaungming Yang ,&nbsp;Robert W. Haley ,&nbsp;Ying Guo ,&nbsp;Kaundinya S. Gopinath","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An estimated 200,000 veterans (up to 32% of those deployed) of the 1991 Gulf War (GW) suffer from GW illness (GWI), an incompletely understood chronic medical condition, characterized by multiple symptoms indicative of brain function deficits in various domains. Epidemiologic and animal studies have associated GWI with exposure to neurotoxic chemicals such as nerve agents, organophosphate pesticides and pyridostigmine bromide. One factor that hampers mechanistic investigations into GWI is that there is considerable heterogeneity in brain impairments across the ill GW veteran population. This could reflect the underlying heterogeneity in both exposure to neurotoxic substances, as well as genetic predisposition or resistance to neurotoxicity. Only one of the validated case definitions, the Haley GWI criteria addresses this heterogeneity. It does so by breaking down GWI into three main syndrome variants (GWS1, GWS2, and GWS3) based on factor analysis of symptoms presented by GWI veterans. Resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) is a uniquely useful brain imaging technique in that in a 10-min fMRI scan it can probe numerous brain function domains simultaneously. In this study, we employed a connectomics approach and machine learning on rsfMRI data from a cohort of GW veterans to extract neuroimaging biomarkers specific to each of the three Haley GWI syndromes. Our results revealed a number of new insights into brain function impairment specific to each syndrome group. The findings indicate that these deficits may by and large be driven by brain mechanisms. We also found that pooling the data of all three syndromes in GWI group, as is done by commonly employed case definitions of GWI resulted in failure to detect the fMRI signatures of a lot of these brain impairments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000151/pdfft?md5=90a7ac4294385e9da0aa6d7158d5a88b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000151-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141250888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-processing of a distributed source method for the localization of somatosensory cortex in a cohort of epilepsy patients","authors":"Kevin Tyner ,&nbsp;Matthew McCumber ,&nbsp;Srijita Das ,&nbsp;Carmen Urban ,&nbsp;Anthony J. Maxin ,&nbsp;Tiffany Chu ,&nbsp;Mustaffa Alfatlawi ,&nbsp;Stephen V. Gliske","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Localizing eloquent cortices is crucial for many neurosurgical applications, such as epilepsy and tumor resections. Clinicians may use non-invasive methods such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) to localize these cortical regions using equivalent current dipoles (ECDs). While dipoles are clinically validated, they provide the estimated strength, location, and orientation of only one or a few sources that best describe the recorded neuromagnetic data, requiring clinicians to make subjective decisions on the spatial extent of the underlying cortical area. More accurate delineation of eloquent cortical areas using distributed source localization methods would provide additional pre-surgical information on these regions’ location and spatial distribution, which could lead to reduced post-surgical complications associated with damage to or removal of eloquent cortices. Our objective in this paper was to present a method to post-process the distributed source localization results to yield a directly interpretable, distributed region of activation. As a test case, we selected somatosensory stimulation in a retrospective cohort of focal and multi-focal epilepsy patients. Our algorithm performs source localization using a distributed method (sLORETA), followed by post-processing and blind source separation to identify the area and boundary of the cortical tissue that primarily activates in response to somatosensory stimulation. We calculated the statistical significance of localization by comparing the identified region to an anatomical atlas and random chance. While examining patients who received left (upper left, UL) and right (upper right, UR) sided median nerve stimulation, the cortical areas identified by the algorithm were in anatomically appropriate areas with a median overlap of 97.6% and 94.7%, respectively. We observe that our algorithm localized somatosensory responses better than random chance in 57/58 (98%) patients who performed the UL task (<em>p</em> &lt; 10 × 10⁻¹⁰, binomial test) and 49/50 (98%) patients who performed the UR task (<em>p</em> &lt; 10 × 10⁻¹⁰, binomial test). We compared the localization of our algorithm to current clinical methods and found that our algorithm is not inferior to dipole localization. The algorithm can successfully localize somatosensory responses on the cortical surface in anatomically appropriate regions while providing the spatial extent of cortical activation, reducing subjectivity associated with dipole localization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000102/pdfft?md5=daec581c9dee580e19dc9c470ff876b4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000102-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140893859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}