Neuroimage. Reports最新文献

{"title":"Relaxation-compensated chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI in the cervical spinal cord at 3T: An application in multiple sclerosis","authors":"Alicia E. Cronin ,&nbsp;Anna Combes ,&nbsp;Grace Sweeney ,&nbsp;Logan Prock ,&nbsp;Delaney Houston ,&nbsp;Isabella Stuart ,&nbsp;Seth Stubblefield ,&nbsp;Colin D. McKnight ,&nbsp;Francesca Bagnato ,&nbsp;Kristin P. O'Grady ,&nbsp;Seth A. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, characterized by demyelination. Exploring pathological changes in the spinal cord could improve our understanding of the mechanisms that cause neurological dysfunction and clinical symptoms; however, conventional MRI is not sensitive to molecular changes within the tissue. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) can probe tissue biochemistry with high resolution and sensitivity, without exogenous contrasts. However, CEST measurements in vivo are contaminated by concurrent effects including semi-solid magnetization transfer (MT), direct water saturation, and T1-relaxation, which can be altered in MS and need to be removed to accurately quantify changes. Fifty-three people with relapsing-remitting MS (pwRRMS) and 45 healthy controls (HCs) were imaged at 3 T to quantify amide and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) CEST effects in the cervical spinal cord. Using Lorentzian fitting, confounding effects were removed, and the apparent exchange-dependent relaxation (AREX) contrast was calculated. Uncorrected and corrected AREX amide and NOE contrasts were compared across groups and tissue types. In pwRRMS, AREX NOE was significantly different in lesions compared to normal-appearing white matter. Greater heterogeneity in both CEST contrasts was observed in pwRRMS compared to the HCs. In a sub-analysis of pwRRMS separated by neurological disability, AREX amide was significantly different between pwRRMS with and without disability. The correction of confounding factors in this study highlights the importance of isolating CEST effects in the cervical spinal cord for more specific characterization and to better understand changes in tissue pathology and relationship to disease severity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glymphatic system dysfunction associated with player position in collegiate American football players: A DTI-ALPS study","authors":"Michael Gay ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Bai ,&nbsp;Owen Griffith ,&nbsp;Linda Papa ,&nbsp;Wayne Sebastianelli ,&nbsp;Kevin Cockroft ,&nbsp;Krishnamoorthy Thamburaj ,&nbsp;Semyon Slobounov","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The glymphatic system plays a crucial role in both short-term and long-term brain health through the clearance of neural waste and is vulnerable to disruption following head trauma. This study aimed to determine whether exposure to a season of sub-clinical head acceleration events (HAEs) in collegiate American football affects glymphatic function, and whether this effect varies by player position or concussion history.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty-six male NCAA Division I football athletes underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) before and after a competitive football season. Glymphatic function was quantified using the Diffusion Tensor Imaging Along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) index. Participants were categorized by player position (Speed vs. Non-Speed) and concussion history (Yes vs. No). Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate changes in DTI-ALPS index by time point, hemisphere, position, and concussion history.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were no significant changes in DTI-ALPS values from pre-to post-season in either hemisphere across the full cohort. However, a significant main effect of player position was observed in the right hemisphere (p = 0.025), with Speed position players demonstrating lower DTI-ALPS indices compared to Non-Speed players, suggesting reduced glymphatic function. No significant effects of concussion history or interaction terms were found.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings indicate that positional differences in HAEs experienced by Speed players, even absent clinical concussion, may contribute to impaired glymphatic function. Speed position players may be at increased risk due to the nature and magnitude of head impacts. The DTI-ALPS index may serve as a sensitive biomarker for early, sub-clinical brain dysfunction in athletes participating in contact sports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test-retest reliability of edge-level resting-state functional connectivity in people with aphasia","authors":"Jeffrey P. Johnson ,&nbsp;Michael Walsh Dickey ,&nbsp;Jason W. Bohland ,&nbsp;William D. Hula","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a growing interest in using resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) to investigate language processing and recovery in post-stroke aphasia due to its limited dependence on an individual's ability to follow directions and perform tasks, or the severity of their aphasia. However, the test-retest reliability of RSFC in people with aphasia has not been established, raising questions about the strength and validity of inferences based on this technique. In this study, we examined the reliability of RSFC at the level of individual edges (i.e., connections) in 14 adults with chronic aphasia due to left-hemisphere stroke. Intraclass correlations (ICCs) between two resting-state scans obtained over a few days were computed for every edge in a whole-brain network and several cognitive and language subnetworks. Based on median ICCs, reliability was fair at longer scan durations (10–12 min) and better in most subnetworks than the whole brain. Reliability was also positively associated with connectivity strength and had a weak negative relationship with inter-node distance (i.e., the distance between the regions that form an edge). Edges in the right hemisphere were more reliable than those in the left hemisphere and between hemispheres, though all three sets of edges were fairly reliable. The results indicate that edge-level RSFC is acceptably reliable for continued use in aphasia research but highlight the need for strategies to ensure that inferences are based on valid results, such as using sufficiently long scans and focusing analyses on established subnetworks, especially in longitudinal contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring brain activation during a buttoning task in adults: A functional near infrared spectroscopy investigation","authors":"Niloufar Benam ,&nbsp;Courtney Pollock ,&nbsp;Jill G. Zwicker ,&nbsp;Shannon B. Lim ,&nbsp;Kaya Yoshida ,&nbsp;Julia Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to complete activities of daily living (ADLs) is an important part of daily life and can promote well-being and independence. There is currently limited knowledge of brain activity during ADLs (e.g. dressing tasks). Previous studies explored brain activity during dressing using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); however, the supine position during fMRI is not a natural dressing posture and may impact findings. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a promising method of data collection as it can investigate brain activity in a natural state (sitting) during dressing. In this study, to understand brain activity during buttoning in unimpaired adults, twenty participants (25–65 years) completed an upper extremity task of buttoning in three 20 s repetitions with 15 s rest in between each activity block. Brain activation patterns were recorded using fNIRS over the prefrontal, premotor, supplementary motor, sensorimotor, and posterior parietal cortices. Compared to the resting period, significantly higher activation during the activity block was observed in all recorded regions but the posterior parietal cortex. Understanding brain activity in unimpaired adults during the performance of activities of daily living is a critical first-step for investigating brain activation in different clinical populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcortical resting state functional connectivity as a neural marker of first onset internalizing disorder in high-risk youth","authors":"McKinley Pawlak ,&nbsp;Signe Bray ,&nbsp;Ford Burles ,&nbsp;Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Research has linked individual differences in resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of subcortical brain regions to internalizing disorders, but little research has examined if these changes are pre-morbid risk factors. This study examined individual differences in subcortical RSFC as risk factors for the first lifetime onset of an internalizing disorder in youth at familial risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (n = 93) were adolescents with a parental history of internalizing disorders, but with no such history themselves. Youth completed resting state fMRI scans, as well as the MINI-Kid and the Youth Self Report internalizing symptoms scale at baseline. The MINI-Kid was completed again at 9 or 18-month follow-up to assess onset of internalizing disorders. Seed-to-whole brain analyses consisted of a multiple regression models controlling for sex, age, in scanner motion, and baseline symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>First onsets at follow-up were associated with increased baseline RSFC between the left caudate and the bilateral SMA (pFDR = .002), and between the right nucleus accumbens and the right superior parietal lobule (pFDR = .0003).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Altered RSFC of subcortical regions may represent a pre-morbid risk factor for developing a first onset of an internalizing disorder. Results may have implications for understanding the neural bases of internalizing disorders and for early identification and prevention efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical connectivity is associated with cognition across time in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Hunter P. Twedt ,&nbsp;Brooke E. Yeager ,&nbsp;Jacob E. Simmering ,&nbsp;Jordan L. Schultz ,&nbsp;Nandakumar S. Narayanan","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and have debilitating effects on quality of life and disease trajectory; however, the underlying brain mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated the relationship between functional connectivity and cognition at multiple time points using longitudinal functional MRI (fMRI) and cognitive assessments from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI). We calculated resting-state functional connectivity across three distinct time points. We analyzed functional connectivity within and between three key cortical brain networks that have been linked with higher-order cognitive function in PD: the frontoparietal network (FPN); the salience network (SAL); and the default mode network (DMN). Global cognitive functioning was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at each of the three time points, and this was our primary dependent variable. Linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that decreased FPN-DMN functional connectivity is associated with lower MoCA scores over time. A similar trend was found for SAL-DMN functional connectivity. These relationships were specific to cognition, as there were no significant associations between functional connectivity and motor symptoms, as measured with the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III). These findings suggests that cortical connectivity is associated with and may contribute to the progression of cognitive symptoms in PD. Our findings advance knowledge about cognitive changes in PD and emphasize the importance of functional brain network architecture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcortical alterations following pediatric posterior fossa brain tumor treatment: A longitudinal MRI study","authors":"Anne E.M. Leenders ,&nbsp;Bruno M.de Brito Robalo ,&nbsp;John H. Maduro ,&nbsp;Marta Fiocco ,&nbsp;Maarten Lequin ,&nbsp;Eelco Hoving ,&nbsp;Marita Partanen","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Increasing survival rates in pediatric brain tumor patients highlight the importance of understanding treatment-related neurodevelopmental consequences. The posterior fossa is a primary site for many of these tumors, which are treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy that could impact brain function and structure. This retrospective longitudinal study examines changes in subcortical brain structures of pediatric posterior fossa tumor patients over five years post-diagnosis and compares patients who were treated for low- and high-grade tumors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 558 T1-weighted (T1w) brain MR images of 57 pediatric posterior fossa tumor patients (mean age at diagnosis = 9.65 (SD 4.06), 44 % female). There were 39 patients with a low-grade tumor treated with surgery and/or chemotherapy and 18 patients with a high-grade tumor treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment. Volumes of the globus pallidus, caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, thalamus and hippocampus were calculated using SPM CAT12 (Statistical Parametric Mapping Computational Anatomy Toolbox). Linear mixed effect models were estimated to study the association between volumetric changes and time for these 7 subcortical structures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant interactions between time and group were shown in the hippocampus (β = −0.06, SE = 0.02, p &lt; .001) and globus pallidus (β = 0.01, SE = 0.00, p = .016). Patients treated for low-grade tumors exhibited increasing hippocampal volume over time, while those treated for high-grade tumors experienced a decline. In the globus pallidus, volume decreased over time for the low-grade tumor group but remained stable for the high-grade tumor group. Patients with a history of hydrocephalus had smaller thalamic (β = −0.40, SE = 0.14, p = .004) and hippocampal (β = −0.31, SE = 0.12, p = .012) volumes. Younger age at diagnosis was associated with smaller putamen and thalamus, and male sex was associated with larger volumes of the putamen, nucleus accumbens and amygdala.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that children who received treatment for low- or high-grade tumors had different subcortical volumes over time, which may be related to treatment, complications, or demographic factors such as age and sex. These results suggest that while brain tumor treatment primarily aims to cure patients, it may inevitably affect neural development and may contribute to a range of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional long-term deficits. This emphasizes the need for long-term monitoring and prospective longitudinal studies into structural and functional brain changes after treatment for pediatric brain tumor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transdiagnostic, multi-modal approach to understanding apathy: Methodological and analytical framework","authors":"Yunglin Gazes ,&nbsp;Hideo Suzuki ,&nbsp;Lee-Anne Morris ,&nbsp;Seonjoo Lee ,&nbsp;Zekai Jin ,&nbsp;Edward D. Huey ,&nbsp;Bryan B. Chen ,&nbsp;Campbell Le Heron ,&nbsp;Sarah R. Heibronner ,&nbsp;Nora Vanegas-Arroyave","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apathy is characterized by loss of motivation and manifests as a reduction of goal-directed behavior. Apathy is highly prevalent across neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD), and is an important contributor to the disability and reduce quality of life in these conditions. The treatment of apathy remains challenging due to a lack of specific therapies, largely attributed to an incomplete understanding of its cognitive and neuroanatomical underpinnings, crucial for developing targeted interventions. Apathy can be mechanistically studied through effort-based decision-making (EBDM) paradigms, where individuals choose between low- and high-effort tasks for varying reward magnitudes. Anatomically, apathy has been associated with alterations in brain regions previously implicated in EBDM. Using a novel transdiagnostic study design in individuals with AD and PD, we aim to: (1) evaluate the independent effects of reward and effort sensitivity as a mechanistic link between apathy and neurodegeneration of basal ganglia-frontal networks and, (2) in a subset of PD patients receiving deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery, determine whether electrical manipulation of subthalamic nucleus and/or DBS connectivity, directly alter reward and effort information processing and, consequently, goal-directed behavior. Understanding how neurodegeneration—alone or in combination with neuromodulatory interventions—drives apathy, is essential for guiding clinical decision-making and therapeutic development. Given its prevalence across neurodegenerative disorders, apathy provides a unique framework for investigating shared and disease-specific neuroanatomical, functional, and behavioral mechanisms. In this protocol paper, we describe the rationale and methodology of our proposed multimodal approach, to investigate apathy in a transdiagnostic cohort of individuals with AD and PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test-retest reliability of template-defined vs. manual tracing processing streams in neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging analysis","authors":"Tyler A. Lesh ,&nbsp;Jason Smucny ,&nbsp;Joshua P. Rhilinger ,&nbsp;Sarvenaz Pakzad ,&nbsp;Guillermo Horga ,&nbsp;Cameron S. Carter","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuromelanin (NM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a relatively new, noninvasive method used as a proxy measure of midbrain dopamine function. Previous studies in schizophrenia have found evidence of enhanced signal in patients that are associated with positive psychotic symptoms. However, there are limited data available comparing methods of computing signal in substantia nigra (SN). We sought to examine the reliability and validity of manual tracing vs template-defined methods to help guide the field in identifying optimal approaches in NM imaging. NM-MRI was performed on 22 participants (18 with early psychosis (EP) and 4 healthy controls (HCs)) scanned twice over a 1–14 week period. Mean SN NM signal was calculated using template-defined and manual tracing methods to define SN ROIs. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) based on absolute agreement were calculated between test and retest. Correlations between NM signal for each method and symptoms in EP were also examined. ICCs for the template-defined were in the excellent range (.81–.85) and manual tracing methods were in the poor to fair range (−.14 to .56). The template-defined method showed a trend positive relationship with reality distortion symptoms (r = .45, <em>p</em> = .06) and the manual tracing method showed a significant positive relationship (r = .47, <em>p</em> = .05). Supplemental analyses highlighted the importance of thresholding and using the mode to compute CNR for identifying these relationships to symptomatology. While both methods showed clinical validity, the excellent reliability of the template-defined method suggests this technique is the preferred strategy for NM-MRI analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olfactory bulb volume and asymmetry as predictors of executive dysfunction in adolescents with congenital heart disease","authors":"Adriana Racki ,&nbsp;Anushka Shah ,&nbsp;Ruby Slabicki ,&nbsp;Julia Wallace ,&nbsp;Vince K. Lee ,&nbsp;Rafael Ceschin","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurodevelopmental disabilities are common sequelae in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), although limited research has investigated the mechanistic underpinnings of these findings. Our study investigates whether olfactory bulb (OB) anomalies predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in adolescents with CHD.</div><div>A prospective, observational study of 54 CHD and 75 healthy subjects, ages 6–25 years old, was completed under the supervision of a senior pediatric neuroradiologist. T2 3D Space and T2 Blade 2 MM MRI images were manually segmented to extract volumetric bilateral regions of the OB and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using ITK-SNAP. Imaging metrics were correlated to OB asymmetry, CSF to OB ratio, total CSF volume, total OB volume, and independent left and right CSF and OB volumes. Executive function was determined by the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery, Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS).</div><div>No statistically significant results were reported between cohorts for asymmetry of OB, CSF to OB ratio, total CSF volume, total OB volume, nor between independent left and right CSF and OB volumes. Increased OB volume and asymmetry of the OB were associated with worse outcomes on the BRIEF Parent Report.</div><div>Our findings identify adolescents who are at risk for executive dysfunction, particularly those showing increased OB volume and/or asymmetry of the OB. This is especially concerning for the CHD population with atypical OB morphology, as they show significantly poorer outcomes on the BRIEF Parent Report and face a higher overall risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}