Neuroimage. Reports最新文献

{"title":"Mapping of neuronal redox conditions in a mouse model of Rett syndrome","authors":"Hendrik Woeste ,&nbsp;Laura van Agen ,&nbsp;Michael Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rett syndrome (RTT) is associated with a systemic redox imbalance, potentially provoking cellular dysfunction and contributing to some of the disease symptoms. While previous studies have reported these redox alterations also in brain, the exact cerebral redox pattern remains unclear. We therefore generated MeCP2-deficient mice expressing the cytosolic redox sensor roGFPc in excitatory projection neurons. Taking advantage of the earlier developed excitation ratiometric 2-photon imaging, we mapped the redox conditions of individual hippocampal and cortical neurons in acute brain tissue slices of female mice. These quantitative redox analyses revealed clear brain-regional differences in the degree of roGFPc oxidation, with dentate gyrus and CA3 being most oxidized, CA1 being least oxidized and cortical areas presenting intermediate oxidation levels. On postnatal day p50, hardly any RTT-related differences were evident. With maturation (&gt;p100), redox conditions became more reducing in WT females. This was, however, not the case in MeCP2-deficient females, whose hippocampal and especially cortical neurons now appeared clearly more oxidized. By correlative redox microscopy, we succeeded to relate cellular redox-conditions to cellular MeCP2 expression. Validation in CA1 and somatosensory cortex revealed that, based on improved discrimination sensitivity, a more oxidized redox balance became detectable in MeCP2-deficient cortical neurons already on p50. Expression of a mitochondrial catalase efficiently abolished the more oxidizing redox milieu in MeCP2-deficient cortical neurons. This confirms a widespread oxidative burden in forebrain neurons, which manifests already in pre-symptomatic MeCP2-deficient female mice and intensifies with disease progression. Stabilizing mitochondrial function by targeted catalase expression proved potentially protective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building blocks of functional connectivity measures for aperiodic electrophysiological brain signals","authors":"Rikkert Hindriks ,&nbsp;Thomas O. Rot ,&nbsp;Michel J.A.M. van Putten ,&nbsp;Prejaas Tewarie","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A challenge in interpreting functional connectivity results in electroencephalography (EEG) data is volume conduction. A common way to mitigate spurious connectivity due to volume conduction is to use connectivity measures that are insensitive to volume conduction. Examples of such measures are the imaginary coherence, the lagged coherence, and the (weighted) phase-lag index. Their insensitivity to volume conduction stems from an invariant property and it is of both practical and theoretical interest to identify all measures with this property. In this study we derive a set of invariant connectivity measures that are fundamental in the sense that all others can be constructed from them by combination. These ”building blocks” of connectivity measures quantify the lack of invariance of multivariate EEG signals under permutation of the time-points. We use this result to construct a new connectivity measure for stationary aperiodic EEG signals, referred to as the <em>temporal irreversibility index</em> (TII) and illustrate its use by applying it to local field potentials recorded from primary visual cortex of a macaque monkey and to EEG data from comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. As far as we are aware, the TII is currently the only functional connectivity measure for aperiodic signals that is insensitive to volume conduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI signatures associated with active ischemia and disease severity in cerebral small vessel disease","authors":"Peter Kang ,&nbsp;Matthew R. Brier ,&nbsp;Chunwei Ying ,&nbsp;Andria L. Ford ,&nbsp;Hongyu An ,&nbsp;Jin-Moo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100281","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Cerebral small vessel disease, a leading cause of stroke and cognitive impairment, manifests on neuroimaging with white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and disrupted microstructure in normal-appearing white matter. WMH, by definition have high T2 FLAIR signal; however, both T2 FLAIR and T1 signal in WMH are highly variable. We hypothesized that signal intensity parameters would differ in cerebral small vessel disease compared to healthy controls and that signal heterogeneity would be associated with more severe ischemia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this case-control cross-sectional study, participants with cerebral small vessel disease (n = 27) and controls (n = 35) underwent T1-weighted and T2 FLAIR MRI for signal intensity quantification as well as pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling and asymmetric spin echo to measure cerebral blood flow, and oxygen extraction fraction, respectively, and diffusion tensor imaging to assess white matter microstructure. Following signal intensity normalization, we quantified white matter T1 and T2 FLAIR mean and heterogeneity and correlated them to biomarkers of disease severity and physiology (cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction fraction) in order to understand how signal variability relates to tissue hypoxia-ischemia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The cerebral small vessel disease group had increased T2 FLAIR intensity (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.006) and heterogeneity (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.017) in normal-appearing white matter compared to controls. Within those with WMH, normal-appearing white matter T2 FLAIR intensity (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.0016) and heterogeneity (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.00036) showed significant relationships with lesion burden. Focal voxel-wise analyses within individual WMH demonstrated that T1 and T2 FLAIR signal intensities were highly variable within lesions, with greater variability in larger lesions. Moreover, the combination of regionally high T2 FLAIR and low T1 intensities was associated with elevated oxygen extraction, suggesting active underlying ischemia. Cluster analysis of lesion signal properties revealed a cluster of lesions that had low T1 intensity, high T2 FLAIR intensity, elevated oxygen extraction and mean diffusivity, representing a specific group of lesions characterized by ischemic physiology.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Interpretation&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In conclusion, we found evidence that T1 and T2 FLAIR signal is heterogeneous in cerebral small vessel disease and is associated with disease severity. Within WMH, focal T1 hypointensity and variability, as well as T2 FLAIR hyperintensity and variability is associated with ischemia, but not infarction, particularly in larger lesions, suggesting that these patterns of MRI signal follow both disease severity and aberrant physiology. Finally, WMH clustered by structural properties align with specific physiologic patterns suggesting that imaging appearance may reveal underlying ischemic vulnerability. Although these ","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal short-chain fatty acid turnover is not associated with resting state functional connectivity in mesolimbic dopaminergic network in healthy adults","authors":"Madelief Wijdeveld ,&nbsp;Anouk Schrantee ,&nbsp;Júlia Tolra Azor ,&nbsp;Francesca van Baarzel ,&nbsp;Eelco van Duinkerken ,&nbsp;Max Nieuwdorp ,&nbsp;Richard G. Ijzerman","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People with obesity tend to have altered functional connectivity of reward-related areas in the brain, contributing to overeating and weight gain. The gut-brain axis may function as a mediating factor, with gut-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as possible intermediates in the relationship between microbiota and functional connectivity. We investigated the influence of SCFA turnover on resting state functional connectivity in healthy individuals with extremely high and extremely low levels of intestinal SCFA turnover. In this study, we included individuals with low or high intestinal SCFA turnover (estimated by fecal concentration of the butyryl-coenzyme A (CoA)-transferase (ButCoA) gene). Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used to assess functional connectivity of eight regions of interest (ROIs) either directly involved in the mesolimbic dopaminergic network (amygdala, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens) or primary projection regions of this network (middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, insula). Functional connectivity was assessed using connectivity strength and eigenvector centrality. No differences in connectivity strength or eigenvector centrality were observed between the high and the low ButCoA group in any of our ROIs, suggesting SCFA turnover is not associated with resting state functional connectivity of central reward-related areas. Although previous studies provide evidence for an association between gut microbiota and resting state functional connectivity of reward-related areas, our findings do not support the hypothesis that this relationship is mediated by SCFAs. This suggests the existence of alternative mechanisms via which the intestinal microbiota may affect appetite, beyond local SCFA production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling trauma memory: Differential functional connectivity profiles of anterior and posterior hippocampus in post-traumatic stress disorder and its dissociative subtype","authors":"Mohammad Chaposhloo ,&nbsp;Margaret C. McKinnon ,&nbsp;Breanne E. Kearney ,&nbsp;Saurabh B. Shaw ,&nbsp;Ruth Lanius ,&nbsp;Suzanna Becker","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has long been viewed by many as a disorder of memory. Consequently, the hippocampal brain networks have been an important focus of research on the neural circuitry of PTSD given its core involvement in episodic memory and mechanisms underlying traumatic memory. The primate hippocampus is functionally divided along its long axis into the anterior (aHipp) and posterior parts (pHipp), with the anterior portion playing a greater role in emotion-related memories, while the posterior region is more involved in cognitive and spatial processing. This suggests that the aHipp may be more actively involved in PTSD. Critically, however, little research has investigated the differential involvement of these hippocampal subregions in PTSD, and most research in this area has been conducted during rest rather than during the active recall of traumatic or extremely emotional memories. It is an open question whether anterior and posterior hippocampal regions might play differential roles during trauma-related memory recall. Here, we addressed this question by investigating the activity and the whole-brain functional connectivity of the aHipp and pHipp during the recall of traumatic/moral injury (MI) related trauma memories versus neutral memories in three groups: those with PTSD without dissociative symptoms, referred to as PTSD (DS-; n = 49), those with the dissociative subtype, referred to as PTSD (DS+; n = 19), and trauma-exposed healthy controls (n = 36). Both anterior and posterior hippocampal subregions displayed abnormal functional connectivity with various brain regions in PTSD (DS+) during trauma memory recall, with the pHipp showing more extensive abnormalities compared to the anterior part. For example, the pHipp showed abnormal functional connectivity with areas such as the anterior cerebellum, the parahippocampal and fusiform gyri, sensorimotor cortex, and early visual areas of the occipital lobe in PTSD (DS+) compared to PTSD (DS-) and controls during the recall of traumatic/MI memories. Collectively, these results suggest differential involvement of the anterior and posterior hippocampus in the recall of traumatic memories in traumatic/MI-related PTSD and its dissociative subtype, which may relate to the decontextualized and fragmented nature of traumatic memories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in subjects with and without burnout: Potential benefits for executive function and neural processing","authors":"Mia Pihlaja ,&nbsp;Kaisa M. Hartikainen","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Many brain disorders and conditions, including occupational burnout, are linked with challenges in executive function (EF). Yet, there is a lack of treatments geared at restoring them. We have previously demonstrated that VNS enhances EF in patients with epilepsy and that transcutaneous VNS (tVNS) modulates the underlying neural processes in healthy subjects. In this study, we investigated the immediate impact of tVNS on EF in subjects with and without occupational burnout.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>We hypothesized that tVNS enhances EF, as reflected in both behavioral and neural levels. Subjects with (n = 27) and without burnout (n = 24) performed an integrated computer-based test of EF, the Executive Reaction Time (RT) test. At the same time, EEG was recorded and tVNS or sham stimulation was delivered to each subject in an alternating manner. Event-related potentials, N2 and P3, peak and interpeak amplitudes, and latencies were used to evaluate the speed and allocation of neural processes linked with EFs and errors and RTs to assess performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Frontal N2-P3 interpeak latency (IPL) in the NoGo condition was shorter with active tVNS (m = 157.6 ms (IQR = 59.2 ms)) than with sham (m = 169.6 ms (IQR = 88.4 ms), p = 0.01). Further, active tVNS reduced total errors in healthy subjects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Active tVNS resulted in partly accelerated neural processing in the context of response inhibition in both groups and enhanced EF performance in subjects without burnout. We suggest that tVNS enhances neural processes underlying EFs in specific situations. Even though caution is warranted, tVNS shows some promise as a potential cognitive enhancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) detects brain changes for apathy and pain in patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: An exploratory study","authors":"Allison J. Huff ,&nbsp;Juyoung Park ,&nbsp;Samuel Montero-Hernandez ,&nbsp;Lindsey Park ,&nbsp;Chiyoung Lee ,&nbsp;Luca Pollonini ,&nbsp;Hyochol Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) are degenerative and progressive in nature and are often accompanied by chronic pain and neuropsychiatric symptoms, which can be early signs and aggravators of ADRD. This exploratory study explores the relationship between self-reported pain, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and pain-evoked cortical hemodynamic changes measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in the prefrontal and primary motor and somatosensory brain cortices bilaterally, stratified by high or low cognitive function in individuals with ADRD. This study analyzed baseline data of 40 individuals with mild to moderate ADRD with knee osteoarthritis.</div><div>Baseline data from 40 individuals with mild to moderate ADRD and knee osteoarthritis were analyzed. Measures included self-reported pain, depression, and apathy, along with fNIRS-derived cerebral hemodynamic responses to sub-threshold thermal pain stimulation across five brain regions. The study revealed significant negative correlations for oxyhemoglobin and apathy in the right prefrontal cortex associated with low cognitive function (p = .04) and significant positive correlations for oxyhemoglobin and apathy in the right somatosensory region (p = .04) and for oxyhemoglobin and pain in the medial prefrontal cortex (p = .04) associated with higher cognitive function. Study findings suggest that fNIRS may provide valuable biomarkers for apathy and depression in individuals with ADRD and chronic osteoarthritic pain, with differential patterns based on cognitive function, suggesting neuropsychiatric symptoms may manifest differently depending on the patient's cognitive status. Future studies should explore its utility in larger, diverse samples and clinical interventions targeting neuropsychiatric symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White matter changes with rehabilitation in children with Co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder","authors":"Melika Kangarani-Farahani ,&nbsp;Jill G. Zwicker","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Up to 88 % of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience motor difficulties consistent with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) intervention is effective for children with co-occurring ASD and DCD to learn motor skills, but it is unknown if treatment-induced brain changes occur in this clinical population. Our objectives were to: (1) investigate changes in white matter microstructure in children with ASD + DCD after CO-OP intervention; (2) determine whether these brain changes are maintained three months after intervention; and (3) explore the relationship of white matter changes with improvements in motor function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this quasi-experimental study, 24 children with ASD + DCD (aged 8–12 years) underwent an initial MRI and were randomly assigned to either a treatment or waitlist group. The treatment group received CO-OP intervention (once weekly for 10 weeks), had a second MRI post-intervention, and a follow-up scan three months later. The waitlist group waited three months for their second MRI, received the intervention, and then had a post-treatment scan. Diffusion tensor imaging data were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Children with ASD + DCD showed increased fractional anisotropy in cerebellar white matter in vermal lobule VI and middle cerebellar peduncle after CO-OP (Cohen's d = 0.88 and 0.85, respectively). Brain changes were maintained three months post-intervention. Regression analysis found no relationship between white matter changes and motor outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Improvements in cerebellar white matter pathways in children with ASD + DCD highlight the efficacy of CO-OP interventions as a therapeutic approach for this clinical population.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trials registration</h3><div>ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04119492.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse and distributed haemodynamic effects of theta burst stimulation in the prefrontal cortex","authors":"Amy Miller,&nbsp;Melanie Burke","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that can induce neuroplastic changes in the underlying intracortical areas. It has significant potential in clinical and research settings for modulating cognitive and motor performance. Little is known about how TBS affects oxygenations levels within and across brain hemispheres during stimulation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC). This study aimed to investigate blood oxygenation levels in the DLPFC during TBS, using concurrent functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>44 young adults completed within-subjects 2 × 2 design with 4 conditions that included intermittent TBS (iTBS), and continuous TBS (cTBS) stimulation applied to the left and right DLPFC. FNIRS was recorded concurrently, with 12 optode channels spanning across the left, medial and right prefrontal cortex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings focused on corrected significant effects that revealed clear neurovascular coupling during stimulation. Right hemisphere iTBS stimulation on the DLPFC resulted in excitation within and between hemispheres as expected, however left hemisphere stimulation decreased oxygenation levels both ipsilaterally and contralaterally. CTBS on the right and left hemisphere revealed reductions in HbO as expected in support of previous literature and potential LTD-like effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first study to show the extent and dispersion of blood-oxygenation changes in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres during excitatory and inhibitory TBS applied to the DLPFC. The findings demonstrate that TMS stimulation may originate from more global and interhemispheric effects, but that iTBS on the left-DLPFC induces decreases in oxygenated haemoglobin (HbO) providing the potential links for beneficial effects in cognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and effective brain connectivity in focal epilepsy","authors":"S.B. Jelsma ,&nbsp;M. Zijlmans ,&nbsp;I.B. Heijink ,&nbsp;F.W.A. Hoefnagels ,&nbsp;M. Raemaekers ,&nbsp;W.M. Otte ,&nbsp;N.E.C. van Klink ,&nbsp;D. van Blooijs","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epilepsy surgery is usually based on the removal of a local epileptogenic zone. If epilepsy is considered a network disease, a network approach might be more suitable. Insight into patient-specific epileptic brain networks is necessary to establish network-based surgical strategies.</div><div>We included epilepsy surgery candidates who underwent diffusion-weighted imaging and intracranial EEG implantation with single pulse electrical stimulation (SPES, 0.2 Hz, 1–8 mA, 1 ms, monophasic stimuli) during presurgical evaluation. We reconstructed structural connectivity using fiber tractography taking intracranial electrodes as nodes. We reconstructed effective connectivity with SPES cortico-cortical evoked responses. We determined the inter-modal similarity between structural and effective connectivity with the Jaccard index, and compared network topologies using degree and betweenness centrality. We constructed a linear multilevel model to evaluate the relation between structural and effective connectivity at subject group level. The seizure onset zone nodes (SOZ), node proximity, and the volume of the electrode contact areas (VEA) were added to the model as possible predictors to accommodate for epilepsy and irregular spatial sampling.</div><div>We included 13 patients (five with electrocorticography, eight with stereo-EEG). The median Jaccard index was 0.25 (IQR: 0.20–0.29), which means there is a higher overlap than expected by chance (median expected Jaccard index = 0.1 (IQR: 0.07–0.17)) with a considerable amount of connections that did not overlap. The structural connectivity degree showed a significant positive correlation with the effective connectivity degree in 9/13 patients and at group level after accommodating for node proximity (β = 0.13, 95 %-CI = [0.04, 0.21], t(852) = 2.79, p = 0.0054). SOZ and VEA were no significant predictors for the correlation between structural and effective connectivity.</div><div>We showed a moderate overlap between non-invasive structural (measured with DWI) and invasive effective (measured with SPES) connectivity in epileptic brain networks. This overlap supports using non-invasively determined connectivity along with intracranial EEG to understand the epileptic brain. Future research needs to translate these findings towards network-based surgical strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}