Neuroimage. Reports最新文献

{"title":"Fully automated volumetry of ventricular subregions on computed tomography using object detection and semantic segmentation","authors":"Raffaele Da Mutten ,&nbsp;Olivier Zanier ,&nbsp;Alessandro Carretta ,&nbsp;Giorgio Palandri ,&nbsp;Massimo Bottini ,&nbsp;Daniel de Wilde ,&nbsp;Ulf C. Schneider ,&nbsp;Luca Regli ,&nbsp;Carlo Serra ,&nbsp;Victor E. Staartjes","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Our goal was to develop and validate machine learning models that are capable of fully automatic identification and segmentation of frontal, temporal, and posterior horns, the body of the lateral ventricle, the third and fourth ventricle, as well as the atrium on either side.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients shunted for hydrocephalus were included. Data from two centers was used for development/external validation, respectively. Manual labelling of ventricular subregions on computed tomography (CT) was performed. First, an object detection algorithm (YOLOv5) was trained. This allowed for precise cropping of the subregions that could then be used as input for a 2D U-Net. For comparison, a nnU-Net was also trained. Precision, recall, mean average precision 50 and 50–95 (mAP50; mAP50-95) were used as performance metrics for the YOLO algorithm. Dice score, Jaccard score, and 95th percentile Hausdorff distance assessed performance for the U-Net.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>80 CTs from patients at our center were included, as well as 50 from a second center. The mean age was 68.59 ± 15.89 and 75.94 ± 4.17 for the first and second centers, and 43 (52.5%) and 30 (60%) were male. MAP 50, mAP50-95 was 0.728, 0.453 for internal and 0.274, 0.124 for external validation across all classes. Best mean Dice scores were 0.92 ± 0.1 and 0.90 ± 0.05 for the body of the left lateral ventricle.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Automatic segmentation and volumetry of ventricles including their subregions was feasible with high precision on computed tomography, potentially helping the clinical evaluation of even subtle changes in ventricular volume.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional connectivity of youth in family-like residential care in Japan: Impact of reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder symptoms","authors":"Shoko Shimada ,&nbsp;Toshiki Iwabuchi ,&nbsp;Motofumi Sumiya ,&nbsp;Koji Shimada ,&nbsp;Shinichiro Takiguchi ,&nbsp;Kai Makita ,&nbsp;Akiko Yao ,&nbsp;Takashi X. Fujisawa ,&nbsp;Atsushi Senju ,&nbsp;Akemi Tomoda","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adverse childhood experiences are a risk factor for attachment disorders. While several neuroimaging studies have shown changes in functional networks in children who have experienced institutional care, the results are inconsistent. Furthermore, no research has been conducted on how structured residential care, such as Japan's small-group family-style care, influences attachment-related symptoms and functional connectivity. This study compared attachment-related symptoms (reactive attachment disorder [RAD] and disinhibited social engagement disorder [DSED] symptoms) between youth aged 9–18 years raised in Japanese small-group residential care (RC; n = 31) and those raised in birth families but not in RC (NRC; n = 37). Group differences in resting-state functional connectivity were also analyzed using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. MVPA revealed group differences in whole-brain functional connectivity patterns from the right occipital pole and the left lingual gyrus (LLG). Functional connectivity between the LLG and the frontal medial cortex (FMC) was reduced in RC youth. LLG-FMC connectivity was positively correlated with RAD scores, while longer duration of stay in RC was negatively correlated with RAD symptoms. This study highlights caregiving environment's influence on attachment-related symptoms and functional connectivity, higher levels of RAD and DSED symptoms and reduced LLG-FMC functional connectivity in the RC group. However, this study further demonstrated not only the association between longer stays in family-like RC and the reduction of RAD symptoms but also changes in the connectivity. These findings suggest that stable, high-quality care may have the potential to mitigate adverse developmental outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One is not like the other: Examining the neural response to repetitive low-level blast exposure in experienced military personnel","authors":"Timothy K. Lam ,&nbsp;Shawn G. Rhind ,&nbsp;Catherine Tenn ,&nbsp;Ann Nakashima ,&nbsp;Maria Y. Shiu ,&nbsp;Kristen King ,&nbsp;Norleen Caddy ,&nbsp;Janani Vallikanthan ,&nbsp;Mike Crouzat ,&nbsp;Laura Lester ,&nbsp;Oshin Vartanian","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Military members often report concussion-like symptoms from repetitive low-level blast (LLB) exposure, defined as overpressure from outgoing munitions like rifles and explosive breaching. Typically, the early stages of concussion and other neurological conditions (e.g., Alzheimer's Disease) lead to hyperconnectivity which is a transient and adaptive brain response to strengthen and establish neural connections to restore brain function. Over time, however, chronic hyperconnectivity can contribute to neurodegeneration. To determine whether LLB exposure also exhibits this connectivity trajectory, this study investigated the neural signature of LLB at two time points: At the chronic stage extrapolated from the duration of an individual's occupational career, and following a recent and concentrated blast regimen.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-six military breachers and snipers underwent a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging brain scan before and after a training course. Graph theory was used to study the whole-brain network, cross-validated by a principal components analysis (PCA) conducted <em>post-hoc</em>. The pre-course scan was analyzed separately to examine the neural effects of chronic LLB exposure. The pre- and post-course scans were compared to examine the neural effects of recent blast exposure. Military controls without occupational breaching and/or sniping experience underwent the same protocol.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At pre-course, breachers and snipers exhibited hyperconnectivity compared to controls. However, after undergoing a recent LLB regimen, only breachers showed hypoconnectivity post-course relative to pre-course compared to controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The mechanism of repeated LLB overpressure and its associated neural response to this exposure appear to be specific to this condition. Characterizing LLB exposure can help refine assessment and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SHAP-based explainable machine learning analysis of reward-related neural connectivity to predict preadolescent irritability","authors":"Faith M. Wariri ,&nbsp;Johanna C. Walker ,&nbsp;Jillian Lee Wiggins ,&nbsp;Jinbo Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preadolescent irritability is a robust transdiagnostic neurodevelopmental predictor of later psychopathology, linked to altered reward processing—a common neurocognitive substrate across psychiatric disorders. However, its neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. Deep learning (DL) excels in predicting neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities and detecting nonlinear brain-behavior relationships but often lacks explainability. Here, we integrate optimized prediction with explainability to characterize neural mechanisms of irritability using task-based fMRI from a large preadolescent sample (N = 1934; mean age = 9.95 years, 101 Persistently High Irritability [PHI], 1833 Persistently Low Irritability [PLI]). We trained three classifiers—artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), XGBoost—to distinguish PHI from PLI using functional connectivity (FC) during reward anticipation. FC was assessed between four seeds (bilateral amygdala, ventral striatum) and 18 cortical/subcortical regions. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) identified key connectivity predictors accounting for nonlinear effects. ANN (AUC = 0.73, p &lt; .001) outperformed RF (AUC = 0.63, p = .03), XGBoost (AUC = 0.65, p = .01). SHAP revealed increased contralateral FC (e.g., right amygdala-left middle frontal gyrus) and decreased ipsilateral FC (e.g., left ventral striatum-left insula) generally predicted PHI, except amygdala connectivity, where higher ipsilateral FC predicted PHI. These findings highlight interplay between reward and emotion regulation circuits in persistent irritability, underscoring the potential of explainable DL to improve irritability prediction and enhance understanding of its neural mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism on brain activity patterns in children with ADHD: Insights from fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation analysis","authors":"Diangang Fang ,&nbsp;Wenxian Huang ,&nbsp;Tong Mo ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Lv ,&nbsp;Guohua Liang ,&nbsp;Binrang Yang ,&nbsp;Hongwu Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100321","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;SNAP-25, a synaptic vesicle docking protein, carries a polymorphism (rs3746544) in its 3′-UTR region that is associated with ADHD, yet its functional mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) gene MnlI polymorphism (rs3746544) on spontaneous brain activity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), employing the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) analysis of resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) data, to explore its potential neurobiological mechanisms and neuroimaging biomarkers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study enrolled 56 boys with ADHD (aged 8–10 years) and 21 age-matched healthy boys as healthy controls (HCs). According to the SNAP-25 MnlI genotype, ADHD patients were divided into two groups: the TT homozygote group (TT group, n = 36) and the G-allele carrier group (TG group, n = 20). Rs-fMRI data were acquired and analyzed using fALFF to measure spontaneous brain activity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;One-sample &lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt;-tests were performed to calculate fALFF maps for each group, setting the threshold as a cluster greater than 20 voxels, with &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01 after AlphaSim correction. Two-sample &lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt;-tests were performed to calculate the differences in fALFF values among the TT, TG, and HCs groups, with age as a covariate. A cluster of greater than 20 voxels, with &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01 after AlphaSim correction, was considered to have statistically significant differences. Assessed the Working Memory Index (WMI) using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV) in children with ADHD from the TT and TG groups.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;One-sample &lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt;-tests revealed that children with ADHD group (both TT and TG group) exhibited significantly lower fALFF values in the default mode network (DMN) and parieto-occipital cortex compared to HCs, while showing increased fALFF located in the posterior cerebellar lobe; Two-sample &lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt;-tests demonstrated that: (a) Compared to HCs, the ADHD group (both TT and TG group) showed widespread reductions of fALFF values across multiple brain regions, including the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. The TG group showed more pronounced decreases when compared with the TT group. (b) In comparison to the TG group, the TT group exhibited higher fALFF values in higher-order cognitive regions, such as the right superior frontal gyrus and left medial frontal gyrus, but lower fALFF values in the posterior cerebellar lobe and posterior cingulate cortex. The TT group had significantly higher WMI compared to the TG group (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = 2.098, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The SNAP-25 gene MnlI polymorphism has an impact on spontaneous brain activity in children with ADHD, as measured by fALFF. This study reveals the potential mechanisms from the perspective ","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Action observation responses in macaque frontal cortex","authors":"Sofie De Schrijver ,&nbsp;Thomas Decramer ,&nbsp;Peter Janssen","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurons that are active during action execution and action observation (i.e. Action Observation/Execution Neurons, AOENs) are distributed across the brain in a network of parietal, motor, and prefrontal areas. In a previous study, we showed that most AOENs in ventral premotor area F5c, where they were discovered three decades ago, responded in a highly phasic way during the observation of a grasping action, did not require the perception of causality or a meaningful action, and even responded to static frames of the action videos. To assess whether these characteristics are shared with AOENs in other areas of the AOE network, we performed the first large-scale neural recordings during action execution and action observation in multiple frontal areas including dorsal premotor (PMd) area F2, primary motor (M1) cortex, ventral premotor area F5p, frontal eye field (FEF) and 45B. In all areas, AOENs displayed highly phasic responses during specific epochs of the action video and, in addition, strong responses to a moving object, similar to F5c. In addition, the population dynamics in PMv, PMd and M1 showed a shared representation between action execution and action observation, with an overlap that was as large as the overlap between action execution and passive viewing of translation movements. These results pose important constraints on the interpretation of action observation responses in frontal cortical areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodegeneration and energy depletion in MS: Links between tissue integrity loss and microvascular changes in white matter disease","authors":"Linda Sundvall ,&nbsp;Mikkelsen Irene Klærke ,&nbsp;Brian Hansen ,&nbsp;Simon Fristed Eskildsen ,&nbsp;Mette Madsen Hjørringgaard ,&nbsp;Mikkel Karl Emil Nygaard ,&nbsp;Peter Vestergaard Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Thor Petersen ,&nbsp;Leif Østergaard","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100309","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Disturbances in cerebral oxygen delivery and utilization are increasingly recognized as key features, and potential contributors to, neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). We recently discovered microvascular changes, which are thought to limit oxygen extraction, in MS-related white matter (WM) lesions compared to unspecific WM lesions. It is unclear whether such microvascular changes antedate demyelinating changes in MS, or whether they are secondary to subsequent disease changes, such as inflammation, tissue edema, and blood-brain barrier break-down. Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is sensitive to early MS-related disease changes, including altered myelin integrity, cellularity, and edema detecting deviations from Gaussian diffusion that serve as indirect markers of tissue integrity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether regions with altered DKI metrics overlap with regions with microvascular changes in MS patients, and to compare microvascular changes with parallel DKI changes in both MS-related lesions and unrelated WM lesions to learn more about their microstructural correlates.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this cross-sectional study, we assessed microstructural damage in 54 MS patients and 26 non-diseased symptomatic controls (SC) using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and explored the relationship between these findings and microvascular flow patterns and oxygen delivery measured by dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI (DSC-MRI).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;MRI at 3T included three-dimensional (3D) T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR), 3D magnetization-prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient-echo (MP2RAGE), post-contrast 3D T1-weighted images, DSC-MRI, and DKI. White matter lesions (WMLs) were manually outlined as MS-characteristic T2-FLAIR lesions, MS contrast-enhancing lesions and nonspecific lesions T2-FLAIR lesions. DKI-derived structural parameters, mean kurtosis (MK) and mean diffusivity (MD), were extracted from lesion masks and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and correlated with DSC-derived vascular parameters mean transit time (MTT), and the distribution of capillary transit times (CTH). Finally, an extended flow-diffusion model of oxygen transport was employed to evaluate tissue oxygen availability based on local blood flow and microvascular flow patterns.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;After adjusting for age and sex, NAWM in MS showed higher MD (+2.4 %, p = 0.01) and lower MK (−2.8 %, p = 0.01) compared with SC without concurrent changes in perfusion or oxygenation. Unspecific T2-FLAIR lesions demonstrated higher MD relative to NAWM (+13 %, p &lt; 0.001) and reduced MK (−6.7 %, p &lt; 0.001), but no microvascular impairment. By contrast, MS T2-FLAIR lesions showed more pronounced structural alterations, with higher MD than unspecific lesions (+13 %, p = 0.01) and markedly reduced MK (−16 %, p = 0.02), accompanied by increased CTH (+31 %, p = 0.02) and prolonged MTT (+32 %, p = 0.02), consistent with impaired oxygen extract","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the three-dimensional morphology of unruptured intracranial aneurysms","authors":"Maarten J. Kamphuis ,&nbsp;Phebe J. Groenheide ,&nbsp;Laura T. van der Kamp ,&nbsp;Margot van Genderen ,&nbsp;Ruben P.A. van Eijk ,&nbsp;Jeroen Hendrikse ,&nbsp;Gabriel J.E. Rinkel ,&nbsp;Mervyn D.I. Vergouwen ,&nbsp;Ynte M. Ruigrok ,&nbsp;Irene C. van der Schaaf","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Women have a higher rupture risk of intracranial aneurysms than men. One possible explanation is that aneurysm volume and shape irregularity, both linked to rupture risk, may differ between women and men. We investigated this with 3-dimensional morphological aneurysm parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a random sample of consecutive patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms diagnosed between 2008 and 2018, we quantified volume and shape parameters describing global (sphericity, elongation, and flatness) and local shape (shape index and curvedness) on CT or MR angiography scans. We compared these parameters between women and men (reference) with univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis (global parameters) and binary logistic regression analysis (local parameters). The multivariable analysis was adjusted for the confounders: age, hypertension, smoking status, aneurysm size, location, and imaging modality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 326 patients (239 women [73%], mean age 58 years [SD 12 years]). Women had smaller aneurysm volumes than men in multivariable analysis (β −0.30 SD, 95%CI -0.55 to −0.06). The global shape parameters sphericity, elongation, and flatness were comparable between sexes. Of the local shape parameters, women had higher aneurysm shape index (OR 2.38, 95%CI 1.03 to 5.49) and lower curvedness (OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.29 to 0.88) in multivariable analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Women have intracranial aneurysms with smaller volumes and shape characteristics associated with lower rupture risk. Therefore, factors other than aneurysm morphology are likely responsible for the higher risk of aneurysm rupture in women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147277610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol use disorder is associated with altered frontomedial phase-amplitude coupling strength during resting state","authors":"C.D. Richard ,&nbsp;B. Porjesz ,&nbsp;J.L. Meyers ,&nbsp;A. Bingly ,&nbsp;D.B. Chorlian ,&nbsp;C. Kamarajan ,&nbsp;G. Pandey ,&nbsp;A. Anokhin ,&nbsp;S. Brislin ,&nbsp;W. Kuang ,&nbsp;A.K. Pandey ,&nbsp;S. Kinreich","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considerable evidence from functional neuroimaging and EEG coherence studies indicates that individuals afflicted with alcohol use disorder (AUD) manifest aberrant patterns of connectivity, particularly in frontal brain regions. Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) is another form of functional connectivity, reflecting the association between the phase at one frequency and amplitude changes at a higher frequency. Significant PAC differences have been reported for other substance use disorders, but it has not yet been investigated in AUD. We compared frontomedial PAC strength during resting state, eyes closed, in adult participants with severe AUD and age-matched unaffected controls from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). Comodulograms of PAC estimates between phase frequencies (0.1–13 Hz) and amplitude frequencies (4–50 Hz) were calculated for all participants. PAC differences between AUD and unaffected groups were assessed at each phase-amplitude frequency pair in comodulograms to identify clusters of significant test results, reporting only those clusters satisfying all validation and significance testing steps. Severe AUD was associated with clusters of significantly greater PAC in alpha-gamma domains of both men and women. Candidate clusters were found in theta-gamma domains of both sexes, but were only significant greater in men with AUD. Significant PAC clusters were found in the delta-gamma domain of both sexes, though women with AUD showed significant decreases in contrast to greater PAC found in men with AUD. The significant PAC clusters identified in this exploratory study could provide new insights into the dysregulation of brain connectivity underlying AUD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relation between neuroinflammation, amyloid-β load, grey matter loss and brain activity in visual object recognition regions in Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Lília Jorge ,&nbsp;Nádia Canário ,&nbsp;Ricardo Martins ,&nbsp;Antero Abrunhosa ,&nbsp;Isabel Santana ,&nbsp;Miguel Castelo-Branco","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The regional impact of amyloid-β (Aβ) load and neuroinflammation on brain integrity and function is essential to understand the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet it is still lacking in the current literature, particularly in regions involved in visual object recognition.</div><div>Here, using a multimodal approach, we investigated AD-related neuropathological changes and their impact on task-related responses in core visual object recognition areas of the ventral stream: FFA, FBA, LOCv, PPA and VWFA. We combined 11C-PK11195 PET measures of neuroinflammation, 11C-PIB PET measures of Aβ load, MRI structural measures of grey matter and functional MRI (fMRI) BOLD response, using a visual recognition task, in 20 AD patients and 17 Aβ negative healthy controls. Mixed repeated-measure ANOVAS were computed to assess which regions differed between groups for each data modality, and partial correlation tests were used to explore associations across modalities.</div><div>We found in mild AD patients higher levels of atrophy and Aβ, as compared to relatively preserved visual activation and neuroinflammation levels. An association between Aβ levels and neuronal response was found in right LOCv, possibly suggesting an early transient subclinical impact of Aβ on brain function. We also found an interesting pattern of hemispheric asymmetry, with concurrent atrophy and Aβ load in the left hemisphere.</div><div>Overall, these findings suggest differential vulnerability to pathological processes along the visual ventral stream in AD, characterized by relatively preserved functional response and neuroinflammatory status, alongside increased leftward susceptibility to GM atrophy and Aβ deposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}