Neuroimage. Reports最新文献

{"title":"Cortical thickness differences between hearing and perinatally deaf cats using ultra-high field MRI","authors":"Stephen G. Gordon ,&nbsp;Alessandra Sacco ,&nbsp;Stephen G. Lomber","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the absence of hearing, the plastic nature of the cerebral cortex allows select regions to be repurposed to serve the processing of remaining sensory modalities. This plasticity can be observed in many ways, including measuring the thickness differences of cortical gray matter between hearing and deaf populations to detect regional adaptations. In this study, T1-weighted images were acquired for hearing (n = 38) and perinatally-deafened (n = 31) cats using an ultra-high field 7T MRI scanner to identify normative feline cortical thickness, as well as areas of differing thickness between groups. Most significant changes to sensory-related regions demonstrated thicker cortices in the deaf compared to the hearing group, while specific non-sensory regions were found to be thinner. Furthermore, there was a modest lateralized component, finding that the gray matter of the left hemisphere was more susceptible to thickness changes following auditory deprivation. These results suggest distinct factors driving the adaptations in sensory versus non-sensory cortices in the brain following deafness, and reinforces the task-retainment model of crossmodal plasticity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000199/pdfft?md5=798bbfe4237540f5cb1ca143a14db676&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000199-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Get ready! High urgency reduces beta band cortico-muscular coherence during motor preparation","authors":"Welber Marinovic ,&nbsp;Reon Boyd ,&nbsp;An Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Motor preparation is a dynamic process that is tuned to task demands such as urgency. This study examined the effect of urgency to move on cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) in the beta frequency band during motor preparation. Participants (n = 25) prepared for a rapid wrist flexion movement under two distinct scenarios: high (350 ms to prepare) and low (1400 ms to prepare) urgency. Before participants performed the ballistic actions, they were required to hold a light contraction of the flexor carpi radialis muscle for 3 s. During this holding time, we simultaneously obtained EEG and EMG signals to estimate their coherence —a measure of how much brain and muscle activity is synchronized at specific rhythms— over the last 1 s of the contraction interval.</p><p>Contrary to our hypothesis, we found greater CMC in conditions of low urgency rather than high urgency. This finding suggests that participants prioritized attending to the visual stimuli, dividing their attention to capture the preparation go-signal, rather than preparing the motor system, leading to a reduction in CMC. This interpretation suggests a cognitive-motor trade-off, wherein attentional resources are allocated more to sensory processing that to motor preparedness in urgent situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000187/pdfft?md5=eab59dbdd1d784271be5be82c75ba2f0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000187-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory study of associations between monetary reward anticipation brain responses and mu-opioid signalling in alcohol dependence, gambling disorder and healthy controls","authors":"Samuel Turton ,&nbsp;Louise M. Paterson ,&nbsp;James FM. Myers ,&nbsp;Inge Mick ,&nbsp;Chen-Chia Lan ,&nbsp;John McGonigle ,&nbsp;Henrietta Bowden-Jones ,&nbsp;Luke Clark ,&nbsp;David J. Nutt ,&nbsp;Anne R. Lingford-Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alcohol dependence (AD) and gambling disorder (GD) are common addiction disorders with significant physical and mental health consequences. AD and GD are associated with dysregulated responses to reward which could be due to a common mechanism of dysregulated endogenous opioid signalling. We explored associations between reward anticipation responses, using the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task, and mu-opioid receptor (MOR) availability and endogenous opioid release capacity using [¹¹C]carfentanil positron emission tomography (PET), in 13 AD, 15 GD and 14 heathy control (HC) participants. We also examined differences in MID task reward anticipation responses between AD, GD and HC participants. These were secondary exploratory analysis of data collected to examine differences in MOR PET in addiction. We did not find significant differences in MID win &gt; neutral anticipation BOLD responses compared between participant groups in a priori ROIs (ventral striatum, putamen, caudate) or whole brain analyses. We found no significant correlations between MID win &gt; neutral anticipation BOLD responses and [¹¹C]carfentanil PET measures, except for limited negative correlations between putamen MOR availability and MID win &gt; neutral anticipation BOLD response in AD participants. Previous research has suggested a limited role of endogenous opioid signalling on MID task reward anticipation responses in AD and HCs as these responses are not modulated by opioid receptor blockade and this may explain our lack of significant correlations in HC and AD or GD participants. Our results, particularly the lack of differences in MID win &gt; neutral anticipation BOLD responses across participants groups, may be limited due to only including AD or GD participants who are abstinent or in active treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000175/pdfft?md5=1661534afef59978e88e3402cec8b46b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000175-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High angular resolution diffusion-weighted imaging and higher order tractography of the white matter tracts in the anterior thalamic area: Insights into deep brain stimulation targeting","authors":"Ruhunur Özdemir ,&nbsp;Kai Lehtimäki ,&nbsp;Eetu Siitama ,&nbsp;Timo Möttönen ,&nbsp;Joonas Haapasalo ,&nbsp;Soila Järvenpää ,&nbsp;Hannu Eskola ,&nbsp;Jukka Peltola","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) is emerging EU/US-approved form of therapy for drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood, and the patient outcomes in epilepsy appear less consistent compared to for instance movement disorders. Furthermore, very little anatomy-based information, such as tractography of relevant fiber systems, exists guiding DBS therapy at present.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To demonstrate ANT-related fiber systems based on histology in vivo employing multi-shell/multi-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution (MSMT-CSD) based deterministic and probabilistic tractography using a sophisticated scanning protocol of 3T high angular resolution diffusion-weighted imaging (HARDI) data in healthy volunteers.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>HARDI data was acquired from five healthy volunteers in a 3T Siemens MAGNETOM Skyra Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine using multiple b-values (1000, 2000, and 3000), 64 directions, and further preprocessed for tractography. MSMT-CSD-based deterministic and probabilistic tractography was performed from selected fiber systems based on existing literature.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Multiple fiber systems were identified: The anterior thalamic radiation (ANT), the thalamo-cingulate tract, the inferior thalamic peduncle (with remote termination areas in the amygdala, the ventral tegmental area, and the occipital cortex), and the mammillothalamic tract. In addition, we observed three parallel connections to the hippocampus (via the cingulum bundle, the fornix, and the temporo-pulvinar pathway). Interestingly, different seed areas in ANT complex mimicking DBS contact locations resulted in visualization of different fiber systems.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The connections of the ANT are complex and different stimulation sites are likely to affect different networks depending on lead locations and the selection of the active contact.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In-depth understanding of the network of anatomical structures related to the ANT is likely to influence therapy outcomes. A hypothetical model of neuronal networks affected by different DBS lead contact locations is proposed. A more profound understanding of neuroanatomic characteristics may guide stereotactic implantation and subsequent programming to optimize outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000163/pdfft?md5=42df558f7a40d65683ac95fcc8f6f8a5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000163-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive examination of resting state fMRI connectomics yields new insights into brain function deficits in Gulf War illness after accounting for heterogeneity in brain impairment across the ill veteran population","authors":"Gaungming Yang ,&nbsp;Robert W. Haley ,&nbsp;Ying Guo ,&nbsp;Kaundinya S. Gopinath","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An estimated 200,000 veterans (up to 32% of those deployed) of the 1991 Gulf War (GW) suffer from GW illness (GWI), an incompletely understood chronic medical condition, characterized by multiple symptoms indicative of brain function deficits in various domains. Epidemiologic and animal studies have associated GWI with exposure to neurotoxic chemicals such as nerve agents, organophosphate pesticides and pyridostigmine bromide. One factor that hampers mechanistic investigations into GWI is that there is considerable heterogeneity in brain impairments across the ill GW veteran population. This could reflect the underlying heterogeneity in both exposure to neurotoxic substances, as well as genetic predisposition or resistance to neurotoxicity. Only one of the validated case definitions, the Haley GWI criteria addresses this heterogeneity. It does so by breaking down GWI into three main syndrome variants (GWS1, GWS2, and GWS3) based on factor analysis of symptoms presented by GWI veterans. Resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) is a uniquely useful brain imaging technique in that in a 10-min fMRI scan it can probe numerous brain function domains simultaneously. In this study, we employed a connectomics approach and machine learning on rsfMRI data from a cohort of GW veterans to extract neuroimaging biomarkers specific to each of the three Haley GWI syndromes. Our results revealed a number of new insights into brain function impairment specific to each syndrome group. The findings indicate that these deficits may by and large be driven by brain mechanisms. We also found that pooling the data of all three syndromes in GWI group, as is done by commonly employed case definitions of GWI resulted in failure to detect the fMRI signatures of a lot of these brain impairments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000151/pdfft?md5=90a7ac4294385e9da0aa6d7158d5a88b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000151-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141250888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-processing of a distributed source method for the localization of somatosensory cortex in a cohort of epilepsy patients","authors":"Kevin Tyner ,&nbsp;Matthew McCumber ,&nbsp;Srijita Das ,&nbsp;Carmen Urban ,&nbsp;Anthony J. Maxin ,&nbsp;Tiffany Chu ,&nbsp;Mustaffa Alfatlawi ,&nbsp;Stephen V. Gliske","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Localizing eloquent cortices is crucial for many neurosurgical applications, such as epilepsy and tumor resections. Clinicians may use non-invasive methods such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) to localize these cortical regions using equivalent current dipoles (ECDs). While dipoles are clinically validated, they provide the estimated strength, location, and orientation of only one or a few sources that best describe the recorded neuromagnetic data, requiring clinicians to make subjective decisions on the spatial extent of the underlying cortical area. More accurate delineation of eloquent cortical areas using distributed source localization methods would provide additional pre-surgical information on these regions’ location and spatial distribution, which could lead to reduced post-surgical complications associated with damage to or removal of eloquent cortices. Our objective in this paper was to present a method to post-process the distributed source localization results to yield a directly interpretable, distributed region of activation. As a test case, we selected somatosensory stimulation in a retrospective cohort of focal and multi-focal epilepsy patients. Our algorithm performs source localization using a distributed method (sLORETA), followed by post-processing and blind source separation to identify the area and boundary of the cortical tissue that primarily activates in response to somatosensory stimulation. We calculated the statistical significance of localization by comparing the identified region to an anatomical atlas and random chance. While examining patients who received left (upper left, UL) and right (upper right, UR) sided median nerve stimulation, the cortical areas identified by the algorithm were in anatomically appropriate areas with a median overlap of 97.6% and 94.7%, respectively. We observe that our algorithm localized somatosensory responses better than random chance in 57/58 (98%) patients who performed the UL task (<em>p</em> &lt; 10 × 10⁻¹⁰, binomial test) and 49/50 (98%) patients who performed the UR task (<em>p</em> &lt; 10 × 10⁻¹⁰, binomial test). We compared the localization of our algorithm to current clinical methods and found that our algorithm is not inferior to dipole localization. The algorithm can successfully localize somatosensory responses on the cortical surface in anatomically appropriate regions while providing the spatial extent of cortical activation, reducing subjectivity associated with dipole localization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000102/pdfft?md5=daec581c9dee580e19dc9c470ff876b4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000102-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140893859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolism as a biomarker for treatment success in anti-amyloid therapy: A case report","authors":"Kirk C. Wilhelmsen ,&nbsp;Pierre-François D’Haese ,&nbsp;Marc W. Haut ,&nbsp;Gary D. Marano ,&nbsp;Rashi I. Mehta ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Wang ,&nbsp;Melanie Ward ,&nbsp;Mark Miller ,&nbsp;Umer Najib ,&nbsp;R. Osvaldo Navia ,&nbsp;Cierra M. Keith ,&nbsp;Ali Rezai","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This case report investigates the potential use of metabolism as a sensitive biomarker in monitoring the effectiveness of anti-amyloid therapy in a patient with mild cognitive impairment due to early Alzheimer's disease. The study centers around a 74-year-old male patient treated with aducanumab, a monoclonal antibody developed for anti-amyloid therapy. Alongside an expected decline in cerebral amyloid monitored using PET amyloid tracers, we observed significant improvements in the patient's brain metabolic activity, measured via 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET). Despite limitations posed by the single-patient case study, the findings invite further research and consider the utilization of FDG PET as a surrogate for clinically meaningful changes in the treatment of early Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest the potential for more personalized and effective therapeutic interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000096/pdfft?md5=75b759aca7a14017053f665c49e8fb5f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000096-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140650492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-local diffusion-based biomarkers in patients with cocaine use disorder","authors":"Alfonso Estudillo-Romero ,&nbsp;Raffaella Migliaccio ,&nbsp;Bénédicte Batrancourt ,&nbsp;Pierre Jannin ,&nbsp;John S.H. Baxter","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is widely known to result in neurological reconfiguration which can be observed via local diffusivity characteristics of the brain. These changes can be highly correlated while simultaneously variable across patients with different comorbidities or histories of substance use. This implies that more complex neuroimage analysis tools may be necessary to better detect specific biomarkers that vary across these dimensions. We investigated white and gray matter integrity using voxel-based diktiometry (VBD) on whole brain diffusion tensor images (DTI) across a database of CUD patients and healthy controls using a purely data-driven approach. These VBD maps reveal significant cortical and subcortical differences that are indicative of these neural modifications including the insula, cerebellum, ventricles, thalamo-cortical radiations, and corpus callosum bundles. In order to disambiguate these results and investigate the heterogeneity of CUD, the VBD maps have been decomposed into five decorrelated biomarkers: one in the region surrounding the left insula, one implicating the corpus callosum, two concentrated in the left cerebellum, and the last concerning a proximal region of the interhemispheric fissure which serve as potential biomarkers playing a role in CUD. These decorrelated biomarkers have themselves been correlated with consumption patterns and psychiatric and borderline personality disorder scores on the CUD patient group. This preliminary approach to using machine learning techniques to both detect and disambiguate complex non-linear patterns shows promise for better understanding complex and heterogeneous disorders such as CUD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000084/pdfft?md5=0e4ba58ab2085181c541cca6b191df44&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000084-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140647726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of behavioral problems with white matter circuits connecting to the frontal lobes in school-aged children born at term and preterm","authors":"Machiko Hosoki ,&nbsp;Margarita Alethea Eidsness ,&nbsp;Lisa Bruckert,&nbsp;Katherine E. Travis,&nbsp;Heidi M. Feldman","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>This study investigated whether internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in children were associated with fractional anisotropy of white matter tracts connecting other brain regions to the frontal lobes. We contrasted patterns of association between children born at term (FT) and very preterm (PT: gestational age at birth =&lt; 32 weeks).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist/6–18 questionnaire to quantify behavioral problems when their children were age 8 years (N = 36 FT and 37 PT). Diffusion magnetic resonance scans were collected at the same age and analyzed using probabilistic tractography. Multiple linear regressions investigated the strength of association between age-adjusted T-scores of internalizing and externalizing problems and mean fractional anisotropy (mean-FA) of right and left uncinate, arcuate, anterior thalamic radiations, and dorsal cingulate bundle, controlling for birth group and sex.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Models predicting internalizing T-scores found significant group-by-tract interactions for left and right arcuate and right uncinate. Internalizing scores were negatively associated with mean-FA of left and right arcuate only in FT children (<em>p</em>_{left AF} = 0.01, <em>p</em>_{right AF} = 0.01). Models predicting externalizing T-scores found significant group-by-tract interactions for the left arcuate and right uncinate. Externalizing scores were negatively associated with mean-FA of right uncinate in FT (<em>p</em>_{right UF} = 0.01) and positively associated in PT children (<em>p</em>_{right UF preterm} = 0.01). Other models were not significant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In children with a full range of scores on behavioral problems from normal to significantly elevated, internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems were negatively associated with mean-FA of white matter tracts connecting to frontal lobes in FT children; externalizing behavioral problems were positively associated with mean-FA of the right uncinate in PT children. The different associations by birth group suggest that the neurobiology of behavioral problems differs in the two birth groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000072/pdfft?md5=136e94ecc416ff2b192b7f32e54a59a0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000072-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deficient sleep, altered hypothalamic functional connectivity, depression and anxiety in cigarette smokers","authors":"Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Shefali Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Guangfei Li ,&nbsp;Lisa M. Fucito ,&nbsp;Jinbo Bi ,&nbsp;Chiang-Shan R. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Deficient sleep is implicated in nicotine dependence as well as depressive and anxiety disorders. The hypothalamus regulates the sleep-wake cycle and supports motivated behavior, and hypothalamic dysfunction may underpin comorbid nicotine dependence, depression and anxiety. We aimed to investigate whether and how the resting state functional connectivities (rsFCs) of the hypothalamus relate to cigarette smoking, deficient sleep, depression and anxiety.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used the data of 64 smokers and 198 age- and sex-matched adults who never smoked, curated from the Human Connectome Project. Deficient sleep and psychiatric problems were each assessed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Achenbach Adult Self-Report. We processed the imaging data with published routines and evaluated the results at a corrected threshold, all with age, sex, and the severity of alcohol use as covariates.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Smokers vs. never smokers showed poorer sleep quality and greater severity of depression and anxiety. In smokers only, the total PSQI score, indicating more sleep deficits, was positively associated with hypothalamic rsFCs with the right inferior frontal/insula/superior temporal and postcentral (rPoCG) gyri. Stronger hypothalamus-rPoCG rsFCs were also associated with greater severity of depression and anxiety in smokers but not never smokers. Additionally, in smokers, the PSQI score completely mediated the relationships of hypothalamus-rPoCG rsFCs with depression and anxiety severity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings associate hypothalamic circuit dysfunction to sleep deficiency and severity of depression and anxiety symptoms in adults who smoke. Future studies may investigate the roles of the hypothalamic circuit in motivated behaviors to better characterize the inter-related neural markers of smoking, deficient sleep, depression and anxiety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000060/pdfft?md5=2c8a68c74e5a434c151938bd545b87d3&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000060-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140030105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}