Neuroimage. Reports最新文献

{"title":"A case report of reversible ischemic MRI changes and discussion of possible link to kratom use","authors":"Danah Bakir, Christian Konopka, Sindhu Pisati, Syed Shah, Shashi Maryala, Andre Catalano, Faisal Ibrahim, Hesham Allam","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered fronto-parietal alpha synchronization and coherence in paranormal believers","authors":"Abdolvahed Narmashiri ,&nbsp;Kiomars Sharifi ,&nbsp;Reza Khosrowabadi ,&nbsp;Javad Hatami","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent research has revealed a correlation between paranormal beliefs and distinct neural activity patterns. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these beliefs remain unclear. To address this issue, we recorded EEG resting state data from both paranormal believers and skeptics. Our analysis focused on comparing brain connectivity and alpha band activity, specifically within the fronto-parietal network. The results demonstrated increased alpha band and enhanced fronto-parietal alpha synchronization and coherence in believers compared to skeptics. While these findings suggest a potential link between heightened alpha activity and cognitive or perceptual tendencies associated with paranormal beliefs, further research is needed to clarify the precise role of alpha synchronization in decision-making and perceptual processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the neural basis of reaction time variability in ADHD: The importance of examining data at the trial level","authors":"Leanne Tamm ,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Dudley ,&nbsp;Sarah L. Karalunas ,&nbsp;John O. Simon ,&nbsp;Thomas C. Maloney ,&nbsp;Gowtham Atluri ,&nbsp;Jeffery N. Epstein","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patients with ADHD evidence elevated reaction time variability (RTV) due to periodic long reaction times (RTs). Even though reaction time variability (RTV) reflects intraindividual differences in RT across time, prior research exploring the neural basis of RTV in ADHD has primarily examined associations between neural activation and summary RTV outcomes (e.g., standard deviation of reaction time, tau). Here, we explore group differences in the neural basis of RTV by examining association between trial-level RTs and fMRI BOLD activation obtained during a Stop Signal Task in a large (<em>n</em> = 5719) sample of 9- to 10-year-old children participating in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Children with ADHD demonstrated greater RTV than those without ADHD. ADHD-related group differences were not observed between fMRI BOLD activation and summary RTV outcomes. At the trial level, longer RTs were associated with increased BOLD activation in salience/ventral attention and executive control networks and decreased BOLD activation in the default mode network, consistent with time-on-task effects (i.e., stimulus processing time) in which long RTs require maintaining task-positive activation and DMN suppression for more time than short RTs. Moreover, children with ADHD showed weaker associations between long RTs and BOLD activation in these regions than children without ADHD supporting models that point to dysregulated competition between the DMN and executive network as mechanism of cognitive impairment in ADHD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning identification of reward-related neural substrates of preadolescent irritability: A novel 3D CNN application for fMRI","authors":"Johanna C. Walker ,&nbsp;Conner Swineford ,&nbsp;Krupali R. Patel ,&nbsp;Lea R. Dougherty ,&nbsp;Jillian Lee Wiggins","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent emergence of deep learning methods, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), applied to fMRI data presents a promising avenue in psychiatry research, offering advantages over traditional analyses by requiring minimal assumptions and enabling detection of higher-level patterns and intricate, nonlinear relationships within inherently complex fMRI data. Irritability, defined as a lowered threshold for angry responses to blocked rewards, is a promising neurodevelopmental marker for mental health risk due to its robust, transdiagnostic predictive power in youth. In this study, data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) baseline sample (<em>N</em> = 6065) were utilized for a novel application of a 3D CNN to whole-brain fMRI data acquired during the reward anticipation period of the monetary incentive delay task to predict parent-reported youth irritability severity, measured dimensionally. Regression activation mapping (RAM) was employed to extract feature maps of brain regions most predictive of irritability severity from the model. The model demonstrated satisfactory accuracy, with a mean squared error (MSE) of 1.82, and predicted irritability severity scores with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.48 ± 1.54 SD from the true scores. Notably, feature maps revealed bilateral representation of key regions implicated in emotional response and reward processing, including the caudate nucleus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and hippocampus. This study underscores the potential for 3D CNNs to predict significant, dimensional clinical outcomes such as irritability severity using fMRI data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated landmark-based symmetric and standard alignment of skull base structures on CT","authors":"Justin A. Cramer ,&nbsp;Trevor Huff ,&nbsp;Sean Kelly ,&nbsp;Daniel Welch ,&nbsp;Devin DeLuna ,&nbsp;Conner Beyersdorf ,&nbsp;Robin High ,&nbsp;Matthew White","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Symmetry and standard alignment are crucial in both clinical interpretation and research on head CT studies. Registration to a standard template is the traditional method for alignment, yet registration does not guarantee precise alignment of any given structure. This study introduces a method for aligning skull base structures while still achieving a standard anterior commissure-posterior commissure (AC-PC)-like orientation on head CT studies using landmarks, specifically the cochleas and nasal bridge.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study was conducted using head CTs from various General Electric scanners. Landmarks were manually annotated, and a 3D U-Net was trained for landmark identification. Landmark-based alignment was then performed on a test dataset and assessed in two different ways: whole head and skull base alignment. Whole head alignment was assessed quantitatively by expert review. Skull base alignment was then assessed at the cochleas, comparing their alignment between this landmark-based technique and registration to a template.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This landmark-based technique significantly improved whole head and skull base alignment of head CT studies. Whole head alignment reduced average deviations of 5, 11, and 4° in the axial, sagittal, and coronal planes to 1, 5, and 2° respectively. Meanwhile, skull base alignment assessed via the cochlea was also improved relative to traditional registration. For the landmark technique, the cochleas were deviated from perfect by a mean of 0.552 and 0.511 mm along the y and z axes compared to 2.110 and 2.506 mm with registration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates a simple landmark-based technique for aligning the cochleas on head CT studies while approximating whole head AC-PC orientation, which has applications in both clinical and research settings, particularly for studies focused on the skull base.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation reorganises effective connectivity during a working memory task in individuals with Neurofibromatosis Type 1","authors":"Marta Czime Litwińczuk ,&nbsp;Shruti Garg ,&nbsp;Stephen R. Williams ,&nbsp;Jonathan Green ,&nbsp;Caroline Lea-Carnall ,&nbsp;Nelson J. Trujillo-Barreto","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In a previous study, we examined the effect of atDCS on working memory task performance and modulation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). The present study investigates whether tDCS modulates effective connectivity during the task, specifically assessing whether tDCS alters interactions between neuronal populations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighteen adolescents with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) completed a single-blind sham-controlled cross-over randomised tDCS trial (with the anode at F3 and cathode at Cz). Dynamic causal modelling was used to estimate the effective connectivity between regions that showed working memory effects from the fMRI. Group-level inferences for between sessions (pre- and post-stimulation) and stimulation type (tDCS and sham) effects were carried out using the parametric empirical Bayes approach. A correlation analysis was performed to relate the estimated effective connectivity parameters of left dlPFC pre-tDCS and post-tDCS to the concentration of GABA measured via magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS-GABA). Next, correlation analysis was repeated using all working memory performance and all pre-tDCS and post-tDCS connectivity parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>It was found that tDCS decreased average excitatory connectivity from dlPFC to left superior frontal gyrus and increased average excitatory connectivity to left globus pallidus. Further, reduced average intrinsic (inhibitory) connectivity of left dlPFC was associated with lower MRS-GABA. However, none of the connectivity parameters of dlPFC showed any association with performance on a working memory task.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that tDCS reorganised connectivity from frontal to fronto-striatal connectivity. As tDCS-related changes were not specific to the effect of working memory, they may have impacted general cognitive control processes. In addition, by reducing MRS-GABA, tDCS might make dlPFC more sensitive and responsive to external stimulation, such as performance of cognitive tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative biomarker exploration in ASD: Combining Graph Neural Networks and permutation testing on fMRI data","authors":"Donglin Wang,&nbsp;Wandi Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), specifically an unsupervised GNN, to extract node embeddings from brain regions in both Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and control groups. The objective was to identify potential biomarkers by analyzing node embeddings extracted from a graph model based on functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data. Permutation tests were conducted to identify regions with significant differences in their embeddings between the two groups. Our results revealed several regions exhibiting significant differences, including the cerebellum, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. These findings align with previous studies on ASD. Moreover, novel regions such as Vermis_3, Vermis_4_5, Fusiform areas, Parietal, and Cuneus were identified, emphasizing the need for further investigation. This study underscores the potential of GNNs in analyzing brain networks for ASD biomarker discovery. The identified regions warrant additional validation and exploration to understand their association with specific domains of ASD symptoms. Our approach presents a promising avenue to advance the diagnosis of ASD and to improve our understanding of its underlying neural basis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional redundancy of the posterior hippocampi is selectively disrupted in non-demented older adults with β-amyloid deposition","authors":"Jenna K. Blujus ,&nbsp;Michael W. Cole ,&nbsp;Elena K. Festa ,&nbsp;Stephen L. Buka ,&nbsp;Stephen P. Salloway ,&nbsp;William C. Heindel ,&nbsp;Hwamee Oh ,&nbsp;the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several neural mechanisms underlying resilience to Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been proposed, including redundant neural connections between the posterior hippocampi and all other brain regions, and global functional connectivity of the left frontal cortex (LFC). Here, we investigated if functional redundancy of the hippocampus (HC) and LFC underscores neural resilience in the presence of early AD pathologies. From the ADNI database, cognitively normal older adults (CN) (N = 220; 36 % A<em>β</em>+) and patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (N = 143; 51 % A<em>β</em>+) were utilized. Functional redundancy was calculated from resting state fMRI data using a graph theoretical approach by summing the direct and indirect paths (path lengths = 1–4) between each region of interest and its 263 functional connections. Posterior HC, but not anterior HC or LFC, redundancy was significantly lower in A<em>β</em>+ than A<em>β</em>-groups, regardless of diagnosis. Posterior HC redundancy related to higher education and better episodic memory, but it did not moderate the A<em>β</em>-cognition relationships across the diagnostic groups. Together, these findings suggest that posterior HC redundancy captures network disruption that parallels selective vulnerability to A<em>β</em> deposition. Further, our findings indicate that functional redundancy may underscore a network metric different from global functional connectivity of the LFC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How gliomas affect white matter tract bundles associated with the limbic cortex","authors":"Eric Fu,&nbsp;Anna D. Lee,&nbsp;Sera Sempson,&nbsp;John Thompson,&nbsp;D. Ryan Ormond","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>While glioma incidence in the US has stabilized, prognosis remains poor. One underutilized MRI modality, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), could be used to better predict postoperative glioma resection outcomes. DTI measures the structural integrity of brain white matter tracts by measuring water diffusion. We examined whether lateralized gliomas affected the structure of limbic tract bundles, and whether those changes correlated with tumor location, size, and number of tracts within the bundle.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective study of 33 glioma patients who underwent preoperative DTI and examined the cingulum, fornix, and uncinate fasciculus. Using software (ITK-SNAP, DSI Studio), we obtained diffusion coefficients (fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD)), tumor volume, lobe location, and tract number. With FA and MD as measures of axonal integrity, tracts of the non-tumor hemisphere(contralateral), the tumor hemisphere that is traversing the tumor (ipsilateral inclusive), and the tumor hemisphere without traversing the tumor (ipsilateral exclusive) were compared. Additionally, we correlated these hemispheric changes to tumor size, location, and FA/MD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the cingulum, FA and MD are significantly different between contralateral and ipsilateral inclusive and between ipsilateral exclusive versus ipsilateral inclusive. Similar findings were found in the uncinate fasciculus MD. FA and MD of cingulum, fornix, and uncinate fasciculus are significantly correlated with the number of tracts within the tumor hemisphere.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study, one of the first to specifically examine limbic related tracts, shows that gliomas could increase white matter tracts numbers and impact structure. Localized impact on white matter integrity is in line with previous observations. These findings support DTI as a pre-op planning tool; white matter of significant limbic tracts are affected by gliomas and this change is measurable. We plan on further analyzing data to include how tumor location could affect white matter, and to incorporate patient post-op mortality and morbidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive functioning and brain MRI findings six months after acute COVID-19. A prospective observational study","authors":"Janne Pihlajamaa ,&nbsp;Henriikka Ollila ,&nbsp;Juha Martola ,&nbsp;Linda Kuusela ,&nbsp;Riikka Pihlaja ,&nbsp;Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson ,&nbsp;Sanna Koskinen ,&nbsp;Viljami Salmela ,&nbsp;Laura Hokkanen ,&nbsp;Marjaana Tiainen ,&nbsp;Johanna Hästbacka","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>COVID-19 has been linked to many neurological complications, including cognitive impairment and findings in brain imaging. However, limited data exist regarding the link between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and cognitive functioning in COVID-19 patients.</div><div>In this observational prospective study, we investigated the association between brain MRI findings, particularly cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and cognitive functioning in COVID-19 survivors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Six months after acute COVID-19 diagnosed in 2020, 67 ICU-treated, 44 ward-treated, and 44 home-isolated patients, as well as 48 non-COVID-19 controls, underwent MRI and comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. We applied multivariable linear regression models to investigate the independent associations of total cognitive score and domain scores separately with CMBs, WMHs and other factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Age (p &lt; 0.001, β = −0.36) and educational level (p &lt; 0.001, β = 0.42) predominantly explained the differences in cognitive functioning. A lower total cognitive score was associated with the number of CMBs (p = 0.0016), but not with COVID-19 (p = 0.714). Among COVID-19 patients, treatment in a regular ward (p = 0.007, β = −0.46), a high burden of WMHs (p = 0.004, β = −1.35), and having one to three CMBs (p = 0.01, β = −0.43) were associated with lower total cognitive scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We observed a significant association between the presence of CMBs and lower cognitive scores, regardless of COVID-19 history. However, our results do not support CMBs to be independently associated with cognitive functioning. Additionally, WMH burden was associated with lower cognitive scores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}