Neuroimage. Reports最新文献

{"title":"Regional gray matter thickness correlations of the hearing and deaf feline brains","authors":"Stephen G. Gordon ,&nbsp;Alessandra Sacco ,&nbsp;Stephen G. Lomber","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The overall function and associated structure of the brain changes dramatically following early-onset hearing loss in a process known as compensatory crossmodal plasticity. As the microscale changes to cerebral morphology driving these adaptations can be reflected macrostructurally in MRI analyses, high interregional correlations in features such as gray matter thickness are potentially indicative of functional relationships. To probe the changes in these associations following deafness using structure alone, perinatally-deafened and hearing control cats were scanned at 7T to obtain high-resolution T1-weighted images. After calculating regional thicknesses for 146 cortical areas, the 10,585 associated pairwise correlations were used to establish group-specific structural connectomes. Similar distributions of correlation strength were revealed between the two populations, however there was an overall increase in the density of the structurally-defined connectome following deafness. The connections demonstrating the most dramatic increases of correlational strength in the deprived group were those relating to the auditory and visual cortices, with a more balanced distribution of increases and decreases to connections involving solely non-sensory regions. In corroboration with previous feline structural- and diffusion-based neuroimaging literature, these results imply a reorganization of cortical gray matter to increase the overall processing of the remaining senses within a potentially less complex and more redundant connectome. The present study adds to the developing field of deafness literature through the implementation of novel analyses that add an additional perspective on neuroplasticity within the feline brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing precision in multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation: A U-net based machine learning approach with data augmentation","authors":"Oezdemir Cetin ,&nbsp;Berkay Canel ,&nbsp;Gamze Dogali ,&nbsp;Unal Sakoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Segmentation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data presents a significant challenge due to the necessity for large volumes of training data and a sophisticated training process. Traditional MRI datasets often lack the extensive sample sizes required for effective training, necessitating the exploration of alternative methods for accurate segmentation. This study proposes a robust machine learning algorithm designed to identify MS lesions using both single-modal and multi-modal MRI data. The proposed algorithm employs Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in the form of U-Net architecture, a renowned model for biomedical image segmentation. To address the issue of insufficient training data, data augmentation techniques have been implemented, enhancing the diversity and volume of the training set. The dataset for this study was created from MRI data of 20 subjects. The algorithm's effectiveness was evaluated using the DSC score, a statistical tool that measures the similarity between two samples. The model achieved a DSC score of 0.7960 in the training set and 0.7912 in the test set, demonstrating its effectiveness in performing segmentation of MS from multi-modal MRI data. The predicted locations of MS lesions were compared with the corresponding layers of white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid within the brain. This innovative approach aims to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of MS lesion segmentation, contributing to advancements in precision medicine and the overall understanding of MS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion MRI-based analysis of functional alterations of the glymphatic system in children with non-lesional epilepsy","authors":"Bixia Wu ,&nbsp;Gengbiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanting Wang ,&nbsp;Hongyi Zheng ,&nbsp;Hui Tan ,&nbsp;Wenbin Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data, we used DTI-analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) and free-water mapping to investigate the function of the glymphatic system and its relationship with clinical features among pediatric patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-negative non-lesional epilepsy (NLE).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 83 NLE children (mean age 9.25 ± 4.07 years) and 45 matched healthy controls (mean age 9.36 ± 3.89 years) were recruited. All eligible patients were routinely scanned by 3.0T MRI to rule out organic lesions, and DTI data were collected at the same time. The ALPS index and fractional volume of free water in white matter (FW-WM) in the brain were calculated to analyze the differences between groups and the correlation between the corresponding parameters and clinical indicators such as age of onset, duration of the disease, seizure frequency, and seizure duration.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The NLE group had significantly lower ALPS indexes in the left (ALPS-L, F = 4.415, p = 0.038) and right (ALPS-R, F = 12.673, p = 0.001) cerebral hemispheres compared to the HC group. ALPS-L was positively correlated with age of onset (r = 0.322, p = 0.008) and negatively correlated with FW-WM (r = −0.337, p &lt; 0.001). Free-water mapping revealed substantially higher FW-WM in the NLE group compared to the HC group (F = 4.666, p = 0.033). Additionally, FW-WM was negatively correlated with age of onset (r = −0.463, p &lt; 0.001) and positively associated with seizure control in children with NLE (r = 0.306, p = 0.012).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Children with NLE have reduced glymphatic system function, and the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms may be due to impaired interstitial fluid clearance and retention in the brain. DTI-ALPS and free-water mapping are useful noninvasive approaches for examining glymphatic function in children with NLE, with the FW-WM potentially serving as an imaging marker for disease progression and predicting clinical prognosis in children with NLE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholinergic neurotransmission in the anterior cingulate cortex is associated with cognitive performance in healthy older adults: Baseline characteristics of the Improving Neurological Health in Aging via Neuroplasticity-based Computerized Exercise (INHANCE) trial","authors":"Ana de Figueiredo Pelegrino ,&nbsp;Mouna Attarha ,&nbsp;Paule-Joanne Toussaint ,&nbsp;Lydia Ouellet ,&nbsp;Sarah-Jane Grant ,&nbsp;Thomas Van Vleet ,&nbsp;Etienne de Villers-Sidani","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging is associated with dysfunction in the cholinergic system, including degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic terminals that innervate the cortex, which directly contributes to age- and disease-related cognitive decline. In this study, we used [18F]fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol ([18F]FEOBV) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to assess the effect of age on cholinergic terminal integrity in predefined regions of interest and its relationship to cognitive performance in healthy older adults who underwent neuropsychological assessment and FEOBV PET brain imaging. Our results showed age-related reductions in FEOBV binding, particularly in the anterior cingulate cortex-the primary region of interest-as well as in the striatum, posterior cingulate cortex, and primary auditory cortex. Notably, FEOBV binding in the anterior cingulate cortex was positively correlated with cognitive performance on the NIH EXAMINER Executive Composite Score. These findings suggest that [18F]FEOBV PET imaging can be used as a reliable biomarker to assess cholinergic changes in the human brain and indicate that preserving the cholinergic integrity of the basal forebrain may help maintain cognitive function and protect against age-related cognitive decline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fully automated grading of pituitary adenoma","authors":"Raffaele Da Mutten ,&nbsp;Olivier Zanier ,&nbsp;Massimo Bottini ,&nbsp;Yves Baumann ,&nbsp;Olga Ciobanu-Caraus ,&nbsp;Luca Regli ,&nbsp;Carlo Serra ,&nbsp;Victor E. Staartjes","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Zurich Pituitary Score (ZPS) is an externally validated radiological grading scale to predict the likelihood of gross total resection (GTR) on coronal T1w magnetic resonance imaging of pituitary adenomas. The ZPS is based on the ratio of maximum tumor horizontal diameter and minimum intercarotid distance and on carotid artery encasement. While the interobserver agreement of the ZPS was relatively good, automated grading would be beneficial.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A nnU-Net algorithm was trained to segment the manually labeled tumor tissue and the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery. Subsequently, maximum horizontal tumor diameter and minimum intercarotid distance were extracted. Last, a seed-growing algorithm checked for encasement of the carotid to determine the ZPS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>213 patients were included, of which 128 (60%) had non-functioning adenomas, 49 (23%) a growth-hormone secreting and 19 (9%) a prolactin producing tumor. Accordingly, ZPS gradings were I = 63 (30%), II = 94 (44%), III = 41 (19%) and IV = 15 (7%). Dice score (mean ± standard deviation) for the tumor, left carotid, and right carotid in training validation of 0.78 ± 0.24, 0.62 ± 0.31, 0.62 ± 0.30 and during holdout testing of 0.79 ± 0.24, 0.59 ± 0.32, 0.58 ± 0.33 was reached. After the exclusion of two cases with poor segmentation results, intraclass correlation coefficients [95% CI] for the intercarotid distance, maximum horizontal tumor diameter, and the ZPS ratio of the two measurements were 0.89 [0.80, 0.94], 0.91 [0.82, 0.96], 0.80 [0.66, 0.89] respectively. Cohen's weighted Kappa for the final ZPS grading was 0.79 [0.68, 0.90] and Spearman rank correlation was 0.83.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We developed and internally validated a machine learning-based method for fully automated grading of the ZPS. Generally, robust segmentation performance was achieved. While ZPS grading generally worked well, human ratings remain superior in many situations. Especially for raters with low experience, our approach offers a solid and objective alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-state connectivity and task-based cortical response in post-stroke executive dysfunction: A fNIRS study","authors":"Kayee Chong ,&nbsp;Songmei Chen ,&nbsp;Xixi Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zhang ,&nbsp;Deng Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiqing Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Wang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunlei Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study attempted to investigate the frontoparietal cortical reorganization associated with executive function (EF) in post-stroke executive dysfunction (PSED) patients, focusing on resting-state, Stroop and 1-back task-based functional connectivity (FC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recorded oxygenated hemoglobin concentration signals from bilateral inferior parietal lobule (R_IPL/L_IPL), pre-motor area (R_PMA/L_PMA), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (R_DLPFC/L_DLPFC), Broca's area (R_Broca/L_Broca) and frontopolar cortex (FPC) of 20 PSED patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs). We compared group differences in cortical response, including functional connectivity (FC) during resting-state, task-based FC during Stroop and 1-back task as well as cortical activation during these tasks. Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between MoCA scores, task performance, and any specific cortical response that showed differences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PSED patients exhibited hypoactivation in executive-related regions during both Stroop and 1-back tasks compared to HCs. During the Stroop task, cross-hemispheric hyperconnectivity from the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) to the right Broca's area suggested compensatory adaptation. During the 1-back task, within-frontal and intra-hemispheric hypoconnectivity indicated maladaptive neural reorganization. Correlation analyses revealed that increased directed FC from the left IPL to right Broca was positively associated with Stroop reaction time, while decreased directed FC from the right IPL to the frontopolar cortex (FPC) was negatively associated with 1-back task performance in PSED patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study highlights the importance of including the parietal cortex in fNIRS studies of PSED to obtain a comprehensive understanding of EF deficits. From the investigation of task-based cortical response, PSED patients exhibited different patterns of FC despite reduced task-based cortical activation: compensatory cross-hemispheric hyperconnectivity during the Stroop task, while maladaptive within-frontal and between IPL and frontopolar hypoconnectivity during the 1-back task. Incorporating the insights gained from our study, future research can explore multi-targeted neuromodulation strategies that address frontal and parietal cortices may be more effective in improving cognitive outcomes in stroke survivors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain perfusion and blood-brain barrier permeability in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Associations with disease activity, cognitive dysfunction, fatigue and pain","authors":"Tim Salomonsson ,&nbsp;Kristoffer A. Zervides ,&nbsp;Andreas Jönsen ,&nbsp;Malte Knutsson ,&nbsp;Ronnie Wirestam ,&nbsp;Jimmy Lätt ,&nbsp;Anders A. Bengtsson ,&nbsp;Linda Knutsson ,&nbsp;Pia C. Sundgren","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High disease activity, cognitive dysfunction (CD), fatigue and pain negatively affect the quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the impact on brain perfusion and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability remains incompletely understood. Therefore, we utilized 3 T dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging to investigate these factors in a cohort of 66 female SLE patients. Normalized leakage corrected cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), and the BBB leakage parameter K_2, were compared within the cohort by splitting the group into patients with and without each symptom respectively. Fourteen regions of interest were chosen, and the results were adjusted for age, disease duration, smoking and glucocorticoids. We found regional significant alterations in the different SLE subgroups compared to patients without each corresponding symptom, with patterns as follows: moderate to high disease activity (n = 17, decreased MTT, increased K₂), CD in ≥1 domain (n = 36, decreased MTT, increased K₂), CD in ≥2 domains (n = 20, increased CBF, CBV and K₂), fatigue (n = 44, increased CBV and MTT), pain (n = 9, increased CBF and CBV, decreased MTT). Additionally, inverse correlations were found between cognitive scores and K₂ in multiple areas, indicating increased BBB permeability with worse cognitive performance. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, longitudinal studies should be conducted in a larger variation of patients, using different measurements of BBB disruption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum regarding missing Declaration of Competing Interest statement in previously published article","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal inflammation and near-term white matter microstructure in infants born very preterm","authors":"Kathryn G. Anderson ,&nbsp;Molly F. Lazarus ,&nbsp;Lisa Bruckert ,&nbsp;Rocio V. Poblaciones ,&nbsp;Melissa Scala ,&nbsp;Virginia A. Marchman ,&nbsp;Heidi M. Feldman ,&nbsp;Katherine E. Travis","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Severe neonatal inflammatory conditions in very preterm infants (VPT: &lt;32 weeks gestational age, GA) are linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Differences in white matter (WM) microstructure of the corpus callosum (CC) have been observed at age 6 in VPT children with a history of severe neonatal inflammation. The goal of this study was to determine whether these CC differences can be detected at term-equivalent age using diffusion MRI (dMRI), and whether neonatal inflammation is associated with altered WM in additional tracts implicated in the encephalopathy of prematurity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective study of VPT infants (<em>n</em> = 152) born at 22–32 weeks GA, classified based on the presence (I+, <em>n</em> = 80) or absence (I-, <em>n</em> = 72) of severe neonatal inflammatory conditions (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, or culture-positive sepsis). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) assessed group differences in near-term dMRI mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) across seven segments of the CC and the anterior thalamic radiation, arcuate fasciculus, cingulum, corticospinal tract, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior cerebellar peduncle, and uncinate fasciculus. Due to imbalance of GA in the full sample, secondary ANCOVA analyses were performed in a GA-matched subset (<em>n</em> = 42) to further isolate the effect of inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FA was significantly lower in the I+ group compared to the I- group in the anterior frontal, posterior parietal, temporal, and occipital segments of the CC, and in the cingulum, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and superior cerebellar peduncle. This general pattern persisted in the GA-matched subset, with significant differences in the anterior frontal and temporal CC segments.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>VPT infants with severe neonatal inflammation had lower FA in multiple white matter tracts, suggesting that inflammation-related alterations in WM development begin in the neonatal period. The observed differences detected using dMRI at term-equivalent age corroborate prior findings and may provide a window of opportunity for early identification of VPT infants at increased risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring cognitive load in multitasking using mobile fNIRS","authors":"Katherine Boere ,&nbsp;Francesca Anderson ,&nbsp;Kent G. Hecker ,&nbsp;Olav E. Krigolson","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive load, or the mental effort required to process and retain information, is a critical factor in high-stakes environments where task demands often exceed working memory capacity, leading to performance declines and errors. However, most cognitive load research has relied on controlled, single-task paradigms, limiting its applicability to real-world multitasking situations. Addressing this gap, we used a mobile, two-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device to measure cognitive load in a complex multitasking environment, simulating real-world cognitive demands. Thirty-one undergraduate participants engaged in single-task and multitask conditions to simulate real-world cognitive demands. Results showed that subjective cognitive load ratings were higher, performance scores were lower, and error rates increased in the multitask condition compared to the single-task condition. However, contrary to expectations, prefrontal cortex activation did not increase in the multitask condition, suggesting a \"cognitive disengagement\" effect, where the brain limits engagement to manage overload. This finding challenges the traditional one-to-one association between cognitive load and prefrontal activation, as seen in simpler validation studies. Our study highlights the value of mobile fNIRS for assessing cognitive load in ecologically valid settings and provides insights that could inform strategies for optimizing performance in high-stakes environments like aviation and healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}