Neuroimage. Reports最新文献

{"title":"Edema progression in proximity to traumatic microbleeds: Evolution of cytotoxic and vasogenic edema on serial MRI","authors":"Jacquie Lee ,&nbsp;Emily Baniewicz ,&nbsp;Nicole L. Peterkin ,&nbsp;Danielle Greenman ,&nbsp;Allison D. Griffin ,&nbsp;Neekita Jikaria ,&nbsp;L. Christine Turtzo ,&nbsp;Marie Luby ,&nbsp;Lawrence L. Latour","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Although cerebral edema is common following traumatic brain injury (TBI), its formation and progression are poorly understood. This is especially true for the mild TBI population, who rarely undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, which can pick up subtle structural details not visualized on computed tomography, in the first few days after injury. This study aimed to visually classify and quantitatively measure edema progression in relation to traumatic microbleeds (TMBs) in a cohort of primarily mild TBI patients up to 30 days after injury. Researchers hypothesized that hypointense lesions on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) detected acutely after injury would evolve into hyperintense Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recover (FLAIR) lesions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study analyzed the progression of cerebral edema after acute injury using multimodal MRI to classify TMBs as potential edema-related biomarkers. ADC and FLAIR MRI were utilized for edema classification at three different timepoints: ≤48 h, ∼1 week, and 30 days after injury. Hypointense lesions on ADC (ADC+) suggested the presence of cytotoxic edema while hyperintense lesions on FLAIR (FLAIR+) suggested vasogenic edema. Signal intensity Ratio (SIR) calculations were made using ADC and FLAIR to quantitatively confirm edema progression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results indicated the presence of ADC+ lesions ≤48 h and ∼1 week were associated with FLAIR + lesions at ∼1 week and 30 days, respectively, suggesting some progression of cytotoxic edema to vasogenic edema over time. Ten out of 15 FLAIR + lesions at 30 days (67%) were ADC+ ≤48 h. However, ADC + lesions ≤48 h were not associated with FLAIR + lesions at 30 days; 10 out of 25 (40%) ADC + lesions ≤48 h were FLAIR + at 30 days, which could indicate that some lesions resolved or were not visualized due to associated atrophy or tissue necrosis. Quantitative analysis confirmed the visual progression of some TMB lesions from ADC + to FLAIR+. FLAIR SIRs at ∼1 week were significantly higher when lesions were ADC+ ≤48 h (1.22 [1.08–1.32] vs 1.03 [0.97–1.11], p = 0.002).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Awareness of how cerebral edema can evolve in proximity to TMBs acutely after injury may facilitate identification and monitoring of patients with traumatic cerebrovascular injury and assist in development of novel therapeutic strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000059/pdfft?md5=e870484c4878e015b2ce716a6bbc70a8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000059-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140103869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term blood pressure variability and brain functional network connectivity in older adults","authors":"Isabel J. Sible ,&nbsp;Jung Yun Jang ,&nbsp;Anna E. Blanken ,&nbsp;John Paul M. Alitin ,&nbsp;Allie Engstrom ,&nbsp;Shubir Dutt ,&nbsp;Anisa J. Marshall ,&nbsp;Arunima Kapoor ,&nbsp;Fatemah Shenasa ,&nbsp;Aimée Gaubert ,&nbsp;Amy Nguyen ,&nbsp;Farrah Ferrer ,&nbsp;David R. Bradford ,&nbsp;Kathleen E. Rodgers ,&nbsp;Mara Mather ,&nbsp;S. Duke Han ,&nbsp;Daniel A. Nation","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Blood pressure variability is increasingly linked with cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease, independent of mean blood pressure levels. Elevated blood pressure variability is also associated with attenuated cerebrovascular reactivity, which may have implications for functional hyperemia underpinning brain network connectivity. It remains unclear whether blood pressure variability is related to functional network connectivity. We examined relationships between beat-to-beat blood pressure variability and functional connectivity in brain networks vulnerable to aging and Alzheimer's disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>53 community-dwelling older adults (mean [SD] age = 69.9 [7.5] years, 62.3% female) without history of dementia or clinical stroke underwent continuous blood pressure monitoring and resting state fMRI scan. Blood pressure variability was calculated as variability independent of mean. Functional connectivity was determined by resting state fMRI for several brain networks: default, salience, dorsal attention, fronto-parietal, and language. Multiple linear regression examined relationships between short-term blood pressure variability and functional network connectivity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Elevated short-term blood pressure variability was associated with lower functional connectivity in the default network (systolic: standardized ß = −0.30 [95% CI -0.59, −0.01], <em>p</em> = .04). There were no significant associations between blood pressure variability and connectivity in other functional networks or between mean blood pressure and functional connectivity in any network.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Older adults with elevated short-term blood pressure variability exhibit lower resting state functional connectivity in the default network. Findings support the role of blood pressure variability in neurovascular dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease. Blood pressure variability may represent an understudied early vascular risk factor for neurovascular dysfunction relevant to Alzheimer's disease, with potential therapeutic implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000047/pdfft?md5=07c32785fcf2515030865c5389daa8ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000047-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139733440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image harmonization improves consistency of intra-rater delineations of MS lesions in heterogeneous MRI","authors":"Aaron Carass ,&nbsp;Danielle Greenman ,&nbsp;Blake E. Dewey ,&nbsp;Peter A. Calabresi ,&nbsp;Jerry L. Prince ,&nbsp;Dzung L. Pham","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Clinical magnetic resonance images (MRIs) lack a standard intensity scale due to differences in scanner hardware and the pulse sequences used to acquire the images. When MRIs are used for quantification, as in the evaluation of white matter lesions (WMLs) in multiple sclerosis, this lack of intensity standardization becomes a critical problem affecting both the staging and tracking of the disease and its treatment. This paper presents a study of harmonization on WML segmentation consistency, which is evaluated using an object detection classification scheme that incorporates manual delineations from both the original and harmonized MRIs. A cohort of ten people scanned on two different imaging platforms was studied. An expert rater, blinded to the image source, manually delineated WMLs on images from both scanners before and after harmonization. It was found that there is closer agreement in both global and per-lesion WML volume and spatial distribution after harmonization, demonstrating the importance of image harmonization prior to the creation of manual delineations. These results could lead to better truth models in both the development and evaluation of automated lesion segmentation algorithms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000011/pdfft?md5=b2927579d2bc3da98e6ecc6c594b70c0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000011-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139674793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parkinsonian central pain is linked to the connectivity of the nucleus accumbens and the anterior insula","authors":"Karel Joineau ,&nbsp;Mathilde Boussac ,&nbsp;Patrice Peran ,&nbsp;David Devos ,&nbsp;Jean Luc Houeto ,&nbsp;Sophie Drapier ,&nbsp;David Maltete ,&nbsp;Jesus Aguilar ,&nbsp;Estelle Harroch ,&nbsp;Margherita Fabbri ,&nbsp;Clémence Leung ,&nbsp;Fabienne Ory-Magne ,&nbsp;Melissa Tir ,&nbsp;Christine Tranchant ,&nbsp;Hayet Salhi ,&nbsp;Solène Frismand ,&nbsp;Frederique Fluchere ,&nbsp;Ana Marques ,&nbsp;Olivier Rascol ,&nbsp;Emeline Descamps ,&nbsp;Christine Brefel-Courbon","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pain is a frequent and disabling non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Yet, no treatment to date can efficiently reduce this pain. This article investigates the brain functional connectivity of PD patients with central pain and the effects of levodopa and oxycodone on this connectivity.</p><p>Thirty-eight PD patients received either levodopa, oxycodone, or a placebo during an eight-week period. Pain intensity was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale and resting-state functional connectivity was measured before and after treatments. PD patients were also separated into two groups: responders and non-responders.</p><p>At baseline, the intensity of pain was correlated with the connectivity between the anterior insula and the posterior cingulate cortex and between the nucleus accumbens, the brainstem, and the hippocampus. Levodopa and oxycodone had no specific effects on functional connectivity. Responders had a decrease in connectivity between the anterior insula and the posterior cingulate cortex, while non-responders showed an increase in connectivity.</p><p>The correlation between pain intensity and specific brain connectivity may represent a “hyper-awareness” of pain and a distortion of learning and memory systems in PD patients with central pain, leading to a state of chronic pain. The placebo effect could explain the changes in connectivity that are associated with a potential reduction in pain awareness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000035/pdfft?md5=1bb58d787b77d2dcb6ec6db83b26ec91&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000035-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139674363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical performance review for 3-D Deep Learning segmentation of stroke infarct from diffusion-weighted images","authors":"Freda Werdiger ,&nbsp;Vignan Yogendrakumar ,&nbsp;Milanka Visser ,&nbsp;James Kolacz ,&nbsp;Christina Lam ,&nbsp;Mitchell Hill ,&nbsp;Chushuang Chen ,&nbsp;Mark W. Parsons ,&nbsp;Andrew Bivard","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>During the subacute phase of ischemic stroke, MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is used to assess the extent of tissue injury. Segmentation of DWI infarct is challenging due to disease variability, but Deep Learning (DL) provides a solution, outperforming existing methods on small datasets. However, a lack of clinically meaningful performance evaluation hinders clinical translation. Here we develop a DL DWI segmentation tool and provide clinical performance review.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Subjects in this retrospective study presented with stroke symptoms and later underwent DWI imaging. DL architectures U-Net and DenseNet were used to develop a DWI segmentation tool. The Dice Similarly Coefficient (DSC) was used to select the best- and worst-performing model. Clinical experts reviewed these models on the clinical test set, agreeing with the model if no 'significant’ error was present. The average agreement with the model and interrater agreement was also derived.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total, 573 participants with an ischemic stroke were included. The DenseNet delivered the best model (DSC = 0.831 ± 0.064) with a mean inference time of 0.07 s. Clinicians compared this with the worst model (U-Net, DSC = 0.759 ± 0.122), agreeing with the DenseNet predictions more than the U-Net (83.8 % vs. 79.3 %). Clinicians also agreed with each other more over performance interpretation when evaluating the DenseNet over the U-Net (87.9 % vs. 72.7 %).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our DWI segmentation tool achieved high performance with clinical review providing meaningful performance evaluation. Model development will continue towards prospective deployment before which clinical review will be repeated. This work will benefit physicians in assessing patient prognosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000023/pdfft?md5=f324aa4c5c3ee9cb6266753d69b4de8d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000023-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139653519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a semi-automated method to quantify lesion volume changes in multiple sclerosis on 2D proton-density-weighted scans based on image subtraction","authors":"Rozemarijn M. Mattiesing ,&nbsp;Serena Stel ,&nbsp;Alysha S. Mangroe ,&nbsp;Iman Brouwer ,&nbsp;Adriaan Versteeg ,&nbsp;Ronald A. van Schijndel ,&nbsp;Bernard M.J. Uitdehaag ,&nbsp;Frederik Barkhof ,&nbsp;Hugo Vrenken ,&nbsp;Joost P.A. Kuijer","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The detection and quantification of changes in white matter lesions in the brain is important to monitor treatment effects in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Existing automatic tools predominantly require FLAIR images as input which are not always available, or only focus on new/enlarging activity. Therefore, we developed and validated a semi-automated method to quantify lesion volume changes based on 2D proton-density (PD)-weighted images and image subtraction. This semi-automated method provides insight in both “positive” activity (defined as new and enlarging lesions) and “negative” activity (disappearing and shrinking lesions).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Yearly MRI scans of patients with early MS from the REFLEX/REFLEXION studies were used. The maximum follow-up period was 5 years. Two PD-weighted images were normalized, registered to a common halfway-space, intensity-matched, and subsequently subtracted. Within manual lesion masks, lesion changes were quantified using a subtraction intensity threshold and total lesion volume change (TLVC) was calculated. Reproducibility was measured by assessing transitivity, specifically, we calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient for the absolute agreement (ICC_trans) and the difference (Δ_trans) between the direct one-step and indirect multi-step measurements of TLVC between two visits. Accuracy was assessed by calculating both the intraclass correlation coefficient for absolute agreement (ICC_acc) and the difference (Δ_acc) between the one-step semi-automated TLVC and manually measured lesion volume change (numerical difference) between two visits. Spearman's correlations (r_s) were used to assess the relation of global and central atrophy, manually measured T2 lesion volume, and lesion volume change with the method's performance as reflected by the difference measures |Δ_trans| and Δ_acc. An alpha of 0.05 was used as the cut-off for significance.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Reproducibility was excellent, with ICC_trans values ranging from 0.90 to 0.96. Accuracy was good overall, with ICC_acc values ranging from 0.67 to 0.86. The standard deviation of Δ_trans ranged from 0.25 to 0.86 mL. The mean of Δ_acc ranged from 0.11 to 0.37 mL and was significantly different from zero. Both global and central atrophy significantly correlated with lower reproducibility (correlation of |Δ_trans| with global atrophy, r_s = −0.19 to −0.28, and correlation of |Δ_trans| with central atrophy, r_s = 0.22 to 0.34). There was generally no significant correlation between global/central atrophy and accuracy. Higher lesion volume was significantly correlated with lower reproducibility (r_s = 0.62). Higher lesion volume change was significantly correlated with lower reproducibility (r_s = 0.22) and lower acc","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956023000399/pdfft?md5=938a53ab9f8e3d9c298e4de27ddb9da2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956023000399-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139033848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ImageNomer: Description of a functional connectivity and omics analysis tool and case study identifying a race confound","authors":"Anton Orlichenko ,&nbsp;Grant Daly ,&nbsp;Ziyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Anqi Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Shen ,&nbsp;Hong-Wen Deng ,&nbsp;Yu-Ping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most packages for the analysis of fMRI-based functional connectivity (FC) and genomic data are used with a programming language interface, lacking an easy-to-navigate GUI frontend. This exacerbates two problems found in these types of data: demographic confounds and quality control in the face of high dimensionality of features. The reason is that it is too slow and cumbersome to use a programming interface to create all the necessary visualizations required to identify all correlations, confounding effects, or quality control problems in a dataset. FC in particular usually contains tens of thousands of features per subject, and can only be summarized and efficiently explored using visualizations. To remedy this situation, we have developed ImageNomer, a data visualization and analysis tool that allows inspection of both subject-level and cohort-level demographic, genomic, and imaging features. The software is Python-based, runs in a self-contained Docker image, and contains a browser-based GUI frontend. We demonstrate the usefulness of ImageNomer by identifying an unexpected race confound when predicting achievement scores in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) dataset, which contains multitask fMRI and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data of healthy adolescents. In the past, many studies have attempted to use FC to identify achievement-related features in fMRI. Using ImageNomer to visualize trends in achievement scores between races, we find a clear potential for confounding effects if race can be predicted using FC. Using correlation analysis in the ImageNomer software, we show that FCs correlated with Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) score are in fact more highly correlated with race. Investigating further, we find that whereas both FC and SNP (genomic) features can account for 10–15% of WRAT score variation, this predictive ability disappears when controlling for race. We also use ImageNomer to investigate race-FC correlation in the Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (BSNIP) dataset. In this work, we demonstrate the advantage of our ImageNomer GUI tool in data exploration and confound detection. Additionally, this work identifies race as a strong confound in FC data and casts doubt on the possibility of finding unbiased achievement-related features in fMRI and SNP data of healthy adolescents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956023000363/pdfft?md5=63d2f8e7b388542a1c1f1741653bcaa3&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956023000363-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92061984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Task-related oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex as a function of mask-wearing frequency: An empirical test using functional near-infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Peter A. Hall ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nazmus Sakib ,&nbsp;Anna Hudson ,&nbsp;Alkarim Billawala ,&nbsp;Geoffrey T. Fong ,&nbsp;Hasan Ayaz","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Introduction of brain hypoxia by frequent mask-wearing is a concern voiced by some who resist masking mandates. Studies have examined acute effects of one-shot mask-wearing on peripheral and cerebral oxygenation in the laboratory, but not effects of everyday mask-wearing frequencies on task-related functional activation. The objective of the current study was to examine whether frequency of mask-wearing in daily life is associated with lower task-related brain oxygenation levels, and whether the magnitude of any such effects vary by age and sex.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were 78 community-dwelling adults between the ages of 18 and 84 years, all of whom were vaccinated at the time of participation; 65.4% (<em>n</em> = 51) were female. Frequency of mask-wearing was assessed using survey questions on mask-wearing practice during an active COVID-19 mask mandate. Recordings of task-related cerebral oxygenation were taken during the completion of a simple reaction time task using 16-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The psychomotor vigilance task elicited reliable increases in cerebral oxygenation within the right mid-frontal gyrus (<em>F</em>(1,61.345) = 15.975, <em>p</em> &lt; .001). However, there was no significant association between everyday masking frequency and performance on the psychomotor vigilance task (<em>b</em> = 0.059, SE = 0.092 (95% CI [-0.122, 0.241]), <em>t</em> = .646, <em>p</em> = .520), nor any association between everyday masking frequency and task-related brain oxygenation on any measurement channel (all <em>p</em>s &lt; .05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Higher mask-wearing frequency in daily life is not associated with significantly lower levels of task-related brain oxygenation, or worse performance on a sustained attention task.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956023000375/pdfft?md5=8749ad281d06b9ff7bc27cc28b20d09b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956023000375-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92061980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of DBS in the caudal Zona incerta on brain activity during a working memory task in patients with essential tremor","authors":"Johanna Philipson ,&nbsp;Amar Awad ,&nbsp;Lena Lindström ,&nbsp;Patric Blomstedt ,&nbsp;Marjan Jahanshahi ,&nbsp;Johan Eriksson","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Essential tremor (ET) is characterized by bilateral upper limb postural and/or kinetic tremor, but also cognitive deficits. Tremor in ET, as well as aspects of cognitive deficits associated with ET, have been suggested to be linked to dysfunction in the cerebello-thalamo-cerebral circuit. In ET patients with disabling and medically intractable motor symptoms, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is effective in reducing tremor. DBS in the caudal Zona incerta (cZi) has been shown to modulate the activity of the sensorimotor cerebello-cerebral circuit during motor tasks. Whether the activity in the cerebello-cerebral circuit is modulated by DBS during tasks involving working memory is unknown. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the possible effects of cZi DBS on working-memory processing in ET patients by means of task-based blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI.</p><p>Thirteen ET patients completed a working-memory task during DBS OFF and ON conditions. The task involved three conditions: maintenance, manipulation, and control. Behaviorally, there was no significant effect from DBS on accuracy, but a marginally significant Task x DBS interaction was detected for response times (RTs). However, post hoc comparisons for each condition failed to reach statistical significance. FMRI analyses revealed that DBS did not alter BOLD signal in regions of interest (lateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and the cerebellum), or in a complementary whole-brain analysis.</p><p>The present study indicates that DBS in the cZi in patients with ET has at most marginal effects on working memory, which is consistent with the results of pre- and post-DBS neuropsychological assessment showing minimal cognitive effects of surgery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956023000387/pdfft?md5=1e223601e57c5277baa024b597c482be&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956023000387-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92061983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampal subfield volumes contribute to working memory interference control in aging: Evidence from longitudinal associations over 5 years","authors":"P. Andersson ,&nbsp;G. Samrani ,&nbsp;M. Andersson ,&nbsp;J. Persson","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In memory, familiar but no longer relevant information may disrupt encoding and retrieval of to-be-learned information. While it has been demonstrated that the ability to resolve proactive interference (PI) in working memory (WM) is reduced in aging, the neuroanatomical components of this decline have yet to be determined. Hippocampal (HC) involvement in age-related decline in control of PI is currently not known. In particular, the association between HC subfield volumes and control of PI in WM has not been examined previously. Here we investigate the associations between mean level and 5-year trajectories of gray matter subfield volumes and PI in WM across the adult life span (N = 157). Longitudinal analyses over 5-years across all participants revealed that reduced volume in the subiculum was related to impaired control of PI. Age-stratified analyses showed that this association was most pronounced in older adults. Furthermore, we found that in older adults the effect of age on PI was mediated by GM volume in the HC. The current results show that HC volume is associated with the ability to control PI in WM, and that these associations are modulated by age.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266695602300034X/pdfft?md5=1c3a203dc606062fa73537dbd89a5644&pid=1-s2.0-S266695602300034X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92061981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}