Neuroimage. Reports最新文献

{"title":"Increased functional connectivity of amygdalar-frontal pathways in patients with alcohol use disorder and childhood trauma","authors":"Elisabeth Jehli ,&nbsp;Fabienne Burri ,&nbsp;Niklaus Denier ,&nbsp;Franz Moggi ,&nbsp;Andrea Federspiel ,&nbsp;Roland Wiest ,&nbsp;Maria Stein ,&nbsp;Tobias Bracht ,&nbsp;Matthias Grieder ,&nbsp;Leila M. Soravia","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Childhood trauma (CT) often co-occurs with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and is associated with poor treatment outcome. We could demonstrated that patients with AUD and a history of childhood trauma showed reduced structural connectivity of the amygdala. Here, we additionally aimed to investigate fronto-limbic functional connectivity (FC) in patients with AUD with (AUD-CT) and without (AUD-noCT) CT. Based on findings in CT, we hypothesized reduced FC of the amygdala with the prefrontal cortex in AUD-CT and worse treatment outcome compared to AUD-noCT.</div><div>Resting state fMRI scans were acquired in abstinent inpatients with AUD and healthy controls (HCs). We compared bilateral amygdala FC between AUD-CT (n = 21), AUD-noCT (n = 22), and HC (n = 27) using seed-based connectivity (SBC) and region-of-interest to region-of-interest (ROI-ROI) analysis. Sociodemographic and alcohol-specific variables (percent days abstinent, PDA) were assessed at treatment admission and three-month follow-up. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) assessed trauma severity. SBC analysis revealed that AUD-CT showed increased FC of the left and right amygdala with the medial prefrontal cortex and left paracingulate gyrus compared to HC. AUD-CT showed increased ROI-ROI FC of the left with the right amygdala and the right amygdala with the medial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, AUD-CT exhibited a greater reduction of PDA at three-month follow-up compared to AUD-noCT.</div><div>Increased FC of the amygdala, the medial prefrontal cortex, and paracingulate gyrus in AUD-CT might be a compensatory adaption to the reduced structural connectivity of the amygdala. Those specific alterations of FC in AUD-CT may represent a distinguishable neurobiological subtype of AUD, possibly underlying the complex clinical picture and worse treatment outcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Music literacy shapes the specialization of a right hemispheric word reading area","authors":"Alice Mado Proverbio ,&nbsp;Elham Sanoubari","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to examine differences in the brain activity of professional musicians and non-musicians, particularly in relation to neuroplastic changes that may be associated with musical training. Specifically, we investigated whether the ability to read complex musical notation might be linked to neurofunctional adaptations that could influence word reading mechanisms. The study involved 80 participants (half of which were musicians). High-density EEG recordings and swLORETA inverse solutions were employed to analyze brain activity related to word processing and orthographic analysis. The electromagnetic signals were analyzed in the temporal window corresponding to the latency of N170 component (150–190 ms). Musicians and musically naïve people (controls) were matched based on native language, sociocultural and educational status, age, and laterality preference. Behavioural data and reading proficiency tests demonstrated higher reading skills (for words, non-words and text), and faster RTs to target letters embedded in words, in musicians. Source reconstruction showed fundamental differences in word reading mechanisms between musicians and non-musicians, including a larger involvement of the right occipitotemporal cortex, in the former than the latter. In particular, musicians showed a bilateral activation of the middle occipital gyrus (BA19, <em>Visual Word Form Area</em>), which was strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere in controls, during word orthographic analysis. A relationship is proposed between music literacy, enhanced reading skills and the development of a right-sided reading area for notation recognition in musicians, which could serve as a potential protective factor for ‘surface’ dyslexia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative 3D reconstruction of viral vector distribution in rodent and ovine brain following local delivery","authors":"Roberta Poceviciute,&nbsp;Kenneth Mitchell,&nbsp;Angeliki Maria Nikolakopoulou,&nbsp;Suehyun K. Cho,&nbsp;Xiaobo Ma,&nbsp;Phillip Chen,&nbsp;Samantha Figueroa,&nbsp;Ethan J. Sarmiento,&nbsp;Aryan Singh,&nbsp;Oren Hartstein,&nbsp;William G. Loudon,&nbsp;Florent Cros,&nbsp;Alexander S. Kiselyov","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viral vectors are an active area of research and development to treat diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). However, systemic delivery of large-molecular weight biologics is complicated by limited crossing of the blood-brain barrier, immunological clearance from the circulation, off-target effects, and systemic or organ toxicity. Local drug delivery can mitigate these obstacles, however, the drug must still be distributed over sufficiently large tissue volume to achieve the desired efficacy. In the field of drug delivery, quantitative, high resolution spatial analysis of drug distribution in the brain and other organs poses a challenge. To address this issue, we introduce a computational pipeline to reconstruct and quantify 3D distribution of locally delivered viral vectors from 2D microscopy images of subsampled brain sections. This pipeline, which combined existing and newly developed machine-learning and other computational tools, effectively removed false positive artifacts abundant in large-scale images of uncleared tissue sections, and subsampling adequately predicted the dispersion of model viral vectors from the point of local drug delivery. Furthermore, the pipeline successfully captured differences in the distribution of adeno virus (AdV) and adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors exhibiting varying sizes and transport properties. Notably, the proposed method is directly applicable to the distribution studies of therapeutics in large animal models. Thus, our developed pipeline is an accessible tool that can aid the research and development of local drug delivery strategies for the treatment of CNS diseases with viral vectors and potentially other therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000242/pdfft?md5=649e0ec0565896c07b30e30068195caa&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000242-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in functional and structural brain connectivity following bilateral hand transplantation","authors":"David J. Madden ,&nbsp;Jenna L. Merenstein ,&nbsp;Todd B. Harshbarger ,&nbsp;Linda C. Cendales","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a surgical treatment following amputation or loss of an upper limb, nearly 200 hand transplantations have been completed to date. We report here a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigation of functional and structural brain connectivity for a bilateral hand transplant patient (female, 60 years of age), with a preoperative baseline and three postoperative testing sessions each separated by approximately six months. We used graph theoretical analyses to estimate connectivity within and between modules (networks of anatomical nodes), particularly a sensorimotor network (SMN), from resting-state functional MRI and structural diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). For comparison, corresponding MRI measures of connectivity were obtained from 10 healthy, age-matched controls, at a single testing session. The patient's within-module functional connectivity (both SMN and non-SMN modules), and structural within-SMN connectivity, were higher preoperatively than that of the controls, indicating a response to amputation. Postoperatively, the patient's within-module functional connectivity decreased towards the control participants' values, across the 1.5 years postoperatively, particularly for hand-related nodes within the SMN module, suggesting a return to a more canonical functional organization. Whereas the patient's structural connectivity values remained relatively constant postoperatively, some evidence suggested that structural connectivity supported the postoperative changes in within-module functional connectivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266695602400028X/pdfft?md5=3f218672fb852970f6ff0550aa502811&pid=1-s2.0-S266695602400028X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the relationship between thalamic iron concentration and disease severity in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis using quantitative susceptibility mapping: Cross-sectional analysis from the MS-STAT2 randomised controlled trial","authors":"Thomas Williams ,&nbsp;Nevin John ,&nbsp;Alberto Calvi ,&nbsp;Alessia Bianchi ,&nbsp;Floriana De Angelis ,&nbsp;Anisha Doshi ,&nbsp;Sarah Wright ,&nbsp;Madiha Shatila ,&nbsp;Marios C. Yiannakas ,&nbsp;Fatima Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Jon Stutters ,&nbsp;Antonio Ricciardi ,&nbsp;Ferran Prados ,&nbsp;David MacManus ,&nbsp;Francesco Grussu ,&nbsp;Anita Karsa ,&nbsp;Becky Samson ,&nbsp;Marco Battiston ,&nbsp;Claudia A.M. Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott ,&nbsp;Karin Shmueli ,&nbsp;Judy Beveridge","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100216","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Deep grey matter pathology is a key driver of disability worsening in people with multiple sclerosis. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique which quantifies local magnetic susceptibility from variations in phase produced by changes in the local magnetic field. In the deep grey matter, susceptibility has previously been validated against tissue iron concentration. However, it currently remains unknown whether susceptibility is abnormal in older progressive MS cohorts, and whether it correlates with disability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To investigate differences in mean regional susceptibility in deep grey matter between people with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and healthy controls; to examine in patients the relationships between deep grey matter susceptibility and clinical and imaging measures of disease severity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Baseline data from a subgroup of the MS-STAT2 trial (simvastatin vs. placebo in SPMS, NCT03387670) were included. The subgroup underwent clinical assessments and an advanced MRI protocol at 3T. A cohort of age-matched healthy controls underwent the same MRI protocol. Susceptibility maps were reconstructed using a robust QSM pipeline from multi-echo 3D gradient-echo sequence. Regions of interest (ROIs) in the thalamus, globus pallidus and putamen were segmented from 3D T1-weighted images, and lesions segmented from 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Linear regression was used to compare susceptibility from ROIs between patients and controls, adjusting for age and sex. Where significant differences were found, we further examined the associations between ROI susceptibility and clinical and imaging measures of MS severity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;149 SPMS (77% female; mean age: 53 yrs; median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 6.0 [interquartile range 4.5–6.0]) and 33 controls (52% female, mean age: 57) were included.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thalamic susceptibility was significantly lower in SPMS compared to controls: mean (SD) 28.6 (12.8) parts per billion (ppb) in SPMS vs. 39.2 (12.7) ppb in controls; regression coefficient: −12.0 [95% confidence interval: −17.0 to −7.1], p &lt; 0.001. In contrast, globus pallidus and putamen susceptibility were similar between both groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In SPMS, a 10 ppb lower thalamic susceptibility was associated with a +0.13 [+0.01 to +0.24] point higher EDSS (p &lt; 0.05), a −2.4 [−3.8 to −1.0] point lower symbol digit modality test (SDMT, p = 0.001), and a −2.4 [−3.7 to −1.1] point lower Sloan low contrast acuity, 2.5% (p &lt; 0.01).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lower thalamic susceptibility was also strongly associated with a higher T2 lesion volume (T2LV, p &lt; 0.001) and lower normalised whole brain, deep grey matter and thalamic volumes (all p &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The reduced thalamic susceptibility found in SPMS compared to controls sug","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000229/pdfft?md5=5997b8a4e7540c4e26ae502b8ece2d80&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000229-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early alterations of thalami- and hippocampi-cortical functional connectivity as biomarkers of seizures after traumatic brain injury","authors":"Marina Weiler ,&nbsp;Evan S. Lutkenhoff ,&nbsp;Brunno M. de Campos ,&nbsp;Raphael F. Casseb ,&nbsp;Paul M. Vespa ,&nbsp;Martin M. Monti ,&nbsp;for the EpiBioS4Rx Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Epilepsy Bioinformatics Study for Antiepileptogenic Therapy (EpiBioS4Rx, project 3) is a prospective multicenter clinical observational study to identify early biomarkers of epileptogenesis after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We used a seed-based approach applied to acute (i.e., ≤14 days) fMRI imaging data, directly testing the hypothesis that the presence of seizures up to two years following brain trauma is associated with functional changes within hippocampi and thalami-cortical networks. Additionally, we hypothesized that the network connectivity involving thalami and hippocampi circuits underlying early and late-onset seizures would differ. Approximately 30% of the initial dataset was deemed unusable due to MRI issues. Approximately 50% of the enrolled sample was lost to a 2-year follow-up. After preprocessing the fMRI data, approximately 40% of the follow-up sample had to be excluded from the analysis due to excessive in-scanner movements, as assessed by state-of-the-art quality control protocols. Only 37 patients provided data that was suitable for the seed-based analysis. Despite these challenges, the remaining, high-quality data returned noteworthy findings. We identified specific hippocampi and thalami biomarkers associated with both early and late seizures following TBI (p &lt; .05, FWE-corrected at the cluster level). The predictive capability for the development of late seizures after TBI, when adding fMRI data to demographic and clinical data, provided 88% accuracy — an additional 8% improvement compared to using demographic and clinical data alone. Our findings highlight the potential of fMRI for uncovering, in hippocampal and thalamic cortical networks, biomarkers of early and late seizures following TBI. However, they also highlight the important challenges that need to be overcome in order for fMRI to become an effective biomarker and prognostic tool in the intensive care context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000230/pdfft?md5=b449d86d05b9753ff7a4675391a7d9ec&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000230-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuum topological derivative - A novel application tool for segmentation of CT and MRI images","authors":"Viswanath Muthukrishnan ,&nbsp;Sandeep Jaipurkar ,&nbsp;Nedumaran Damodaran","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100215","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are essential tools for unraveling anatomical and tissue properties, particularly in the head and brain. CT provides high-contrast images, particularly valuable in cases such as cerebral bleeds, and also aids in estimating cranial deformities and organ shape deviations. MRI, on the other hand, offers excellent imaging of cerebral artery regions, allowing analysis of various cerebral pathologies through different sequences. Beyond detecting common head and brain disorders, these modalities play a crucial role in identifying abnormalities in orbits, middle cerebral artery territories, brain ventricles, soft tissues, and bones. A unique aspect of brain MRI is its ability to produce multiplanar brain assessments. Both head/brain CT and MRI are invaluable for studying haemorrhage cases, with segmentation of affected areas providing detailed images for further analysis. This study explores the application of a novel mathematical technique, continuum topological derivative (CTD), for CT and MR image segmentation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The initial stage of Continuum Topological Derivative (CTD) segmentation involves preprocessing CT and MR images due to their susceptibility to inherent noises, such as quantum mottle, and Gaussian and Rayleigh noises, respectively. In this study, we have implemented the CTD denoising algorithm to produce denoised CT/MR images, serving as ground truth for subsequent segmentation steps. Validation of the denoised CTD CT/MR images was conducted through minimal residual value computation across all case studies. Following this, segmentation of the region of interest was performed using the CTD technique, with comparisons made against Discrete Topological Derivatives (DTD), k-mean clustering and Adaptive Threshold methods. Evaluation of the proposed CTD algorithm's effectiveness in segmentation involved calculating performance metrics such as Jaccard and dice indices to assess spatial overlap of segmented images.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The CTD technique yields excellent segmentation results, not only for the delineated region of interest but also for volume-based cerebral blood areas and anomalies in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and its territorial areas, which are substantiated through performance metrics and visual inspection by trained radiologist. This aids in determining the severity of stroke in affected patients. Additionally, a unique attempt is made to apply CTD to Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) images of the lungs for precise estimation of the breathing cycle. CTD successfully generates standardized images, demonstrating attenuation and density characteristics for cerebral cisterns, arteries, and ventricles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The denoised images obtained through CTD facilitate thorough analysis of both normal and pathological conditions, providing radiologists with enhanced capa","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000217/pdfft?md5=e00786ad1e1b5c9b31d74350ad01cd38&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000217-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FreeSurfer version-shuffling can enhance brain age predictions","authors":"Max Korbmacher ,&nbsp;Lars T. Westlye ,&nbsp;Ivan I. Maximov","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000205/pdfft?md5=caaeb79582670108a1d695dad2b0f29d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000205-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141630667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical thickness differences between hearing and perinatally deaf cats using ultra-high field MRI","authors":"Stephen G. Gordon ,&nbsp;Alessandra Sacco ,&nbsp;Stephen G. Lomber","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the absence of hearing, the plastic nature of the cerebral cortex allows select regions to be repurposed to serve the processing of remaining sensory modalities. This plasticity can be observed in many ways, including measuring the thickness differences of cortical gray matter between hearing and deaf populations to detect regional adaptations. In this study, T1-weighted images were acquired for hearing (n = 38) and perinatally-deafened (n = 31) cats using an ultra-high field 7T MRI scanner to identify normative feline cortical thickness, as well as areas of differing thickness between groups. Most significant changes to sensory-related regions demonstrated thicker cortices in the deaf compared to the hearing group, while specific non-sensory regions were found to be thinner. Furthermore, there was a modest lateralized component, finding that the gray matter of the left hemisphere was more susceptible to thickness changes following auditory deprivation. These results suggest distinct factors driving the adaptations in sensory versus non-sensory cortices in the brain following deafness, and reinforces the task-retainment model of crossmodal plasticity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000199/pdfft?md5=798bbfe4237540f5cb1ca143a14db676&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000199-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Get ready! High urgency reduces beta band cortico-muscular coherence during motor preparation","authors":"Welber Marinovic ,&nbsp;Reon Boyd ,&nbsp;An Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2024.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Motor preparation is a dynamic process that is tuned to task demands such as urgency. This study examined the effect of urgency to move on cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) in the beta frequency band during motor preparation. Participants (n = 25) prepared for a rapid wrist flexion movement under two distinct scenarios: high (350 ms to prepare) and low (1400 ms to prepare) urgency. Before participants performed the ballistic actions, they were required to hold a light contraction of the flexor carpi radialis muscle for 3 s. During this holding time, we simultaneously obtained EEG and EMG signals to estimate their coherence —a measure of how much brain and muscle activity is synchronized at specific rhythms— over the last 1 s of the contraction interval.</p><p>Contrary to our hypothesis, we found greater CMC in conditions of low urgency rather than high urgency. This finding suggests that participants prioritized attending to the visual stimuli, dividing their attention to capture the preparation go-signal, rather than preparing the motor system, leading to a reduction in CMC. This interpretation suggests a cognitive-motor trade-off, wherein attentional resources are allocated more to sensory processing that to motor preparedness in urgent situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74277,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimage. Reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956024000187/pdfft?md5=eab59dbdd1d784271be5be82c75ba2f0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666956024000187-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}