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The Synthesis of GABA during the Tailbud Stage Is Required for Axial Elongation in Xenopus laevis embryos. 尾芽期GABA的合成是非洲爪蟾胚胎轴向伸长的必要条件。
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2024-12-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001448
Masaki Hachiman, Hiroki Kuroda
{"title":"The Synthesis of GABA during the Tailbud Stage Is Required for Axial Elongation in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> embryos.","authors":"Masaki Hachiman, Hiroki Kuroda","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17912/micropub.biology.001448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In <i>Xenopus laevis</i> , axial elongation beyond the tailbud stage requires gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). However, the role of GABA synthesized during early development in this process remains unclear. In this study, by treating embryos with allylglycine (AG), an inhibitor of GABA synthesis, we observed a significant reduction in axial elongation. This inhibition was rescued by exogenous GABA, demonstrating that GABA synthesis via glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is essential for axial elongation after the tailbud stage. Our findings suggest that GABA-dependent elongation functions independently of mechanisms like convergent extension, which are crucial during early development.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2024 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Challenges in establishing small animal models for Ancylostoma caninum : Host specificity and resistance to infection in rodent hosts. 建立犬钩虫小动物模型的挑战：宿主特异性和对啮齿动物宿主感染的抗性。
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2024-12-24 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001360
Catherine A Jackson, Elise L McKean, John M Hawdon
{"title":"Challenges in establishing small animal models for <i>Ancylostoma caninum</i> : Host specificity and resistance to infection in rodent hosts.","authors":"Catherine A Jackson, Elise L McKean, John M Hawdon","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001360","DOIUrl":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores potential small animal models for the dog hookworm, <i>Ancylostoma caninum</i> , a parasitic nematode which has repeatedly exhibited the ability to develop resistance to a range of anthelmintics. Immunomodulated hamsters, gerbils, rats, and mice were infected with <i>A. caninum.</i> Despite varying degrees of immunosuppression, and in some cases, total adaptive immunodeficiency, no adult worms were recovered, and larval arrest (L3 stage) occurred in muscle tissue of mice and hamsters. This highlights the strict host specificity of <i>A. caninum</i> and emphasizes the challenges of developing rodent models usable for anthelmintic testing with a strict specialist parasite.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2024 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11704952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of GV-58, a calcium channel modifier, on synaptic transmission at the larval Drosophila and crayfish neuromuscular junctions. 钙通道调节剂GV-58对幼虫果蝇和小龙虾神经肌肉连接处突触传递的影响。
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2024-12-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001402
Jackson Schwamburger, Kaitlyn Brock, Robin Cooper
{"title":"The effect of GV-58, a calcium channel modifier, on synaptic transmission at the larval <i>Drosophila</i> and crayfish neuromuscular junctions.","authors":"Jackson Schwamburger, Kaitlyn Brock, Robin Cooper","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17912/micropub.biology.001402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>GV-58 is known to increase the opening time of the mammalian P-type calcium channel in presynaptic motor nerve terminals. GV-58 is suggested as a therapeutic agent for dampening the symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. To further understand the mechanisms of GV-58 actions, the <i>Drosophila</i> and crayfish neuromuscular junctions were used as models. Their presynaptic calcium channels are a P-type based on pharmacology profiles. However, exposure of GV-58 (1mM) did not produce any consistent alteration in synaptic transmission in these two preparations. It is possible that the molecular structure of the P-type channels is different in the <i>Drosophila</i> and crayfish.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2024 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11704950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Magnesium Concentration on Myogenic Cardiac Function: Larval Drosophila. 镁浓度对肌原性心功能的影响：果蝇幼虫。
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2024-12-20 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001400
Joy Bidros, Kaitlyn Brock, Jaycie Gard, Robin Cooper
{"title":"The Effect of Magnesium Concentration on Myogenic Cardiac Function: Larval <i>Drosophila</i>.","authors":"Joy Bidros, Kaitlyn Brock, Jaycie Gard, Robin Cooper","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17912/micropub.biology.001400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The heart of larval <i>Drosophila</i> serves as a model preparation in addressing cardiac function, as known genetic mutations can be mimicked to examine therapies. Pharmacological agents and function of proteins, like TRPA1, which affect ionic transport and ion concentrations can be investigated for their action on cardiac function in this model. To maintain <i>in-situ</i> function, the larval heart tube needs to remain viable; thus, a physiological saline is required. It was found that a reduced Mg <sup>2+</sup> level from the standard saline provides a more stable heartbeat, even in stressful conditions such as heat and increased expression levels of TRPA1 proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2024 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Muscarinic Modulation of Network Excitability and Short-Term Dynamics in the Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus. 毒蕈碱对海马背侧和腹侧网络兴奋性和短期动态的调节。
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2024-12-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001367
Giota Tsotsokou, Milena Fassea, Costas Papatheodoropoulos
{"title":"Muscarinic Modulation of Network Excitability and Short-Term Dynamics in the Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus.","authors":"Giota Tsotsokou, Milena Fassea, Costas Papatheodoropoulos","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17912/micropub.biology.001367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholinergic transmission fundamentally modulates information processing in the brain via muscarinic receptors. Using <i>in vitro</i> electrophysiological recordings of population spikes from the CA1 region, we found that the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol (CCh, 1 μM) enhances the basal excitation level in the dorsal but not ventral hippocampus. Using a frequency stimulation protocol, we found that CCh transforms depression of neuronal output into facilitation (at 3-30 Hz) in the ventral hippocampus while only lessening depression in the dorsal hippocampus, suggesting that muscarinic transmission boosts basal neuronal activation in the dorsal hippocampus and strongly facilitates the output of the ventral hippocampus in a frequency-dependent manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2024 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gene model for the ortholog of Glys in Drosophila yakuba. 雅库巴果蝇Glys同源基因模型的研究。
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2024-12-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000983
Alyssa C Koehler, Logan Cohen, Isaac Romo, Viet Le, James J Youngblom, Amy T Hark, Chinmay P Rele, Laura K Reed
{"title":"Gene model for the ortholog of <i>Glys</i> in <i>Drosophila yakuba</i>.","authors":"Alyssa C Koehler, Logan Cohen, Isaac Romo, Viet Le, James J Youngblom, Amy T Hark, Chinmay P Rele, Laura K Reed","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.000983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17912/micropub.biology.000983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene model for the ortholog of <i>glycogen synthase</i> ( <i>Glys</i> ) in the May 2011 (WUGSC dyak_caf1/DyakCAF1) Genome Assembly (GenBank Accession: GCA_000005975.1 ) of <i>Drosophila yakuba</i> . This ortholog was characterized as part of a developing dataset to study the evolution of the Insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS) across the genus <i>Drosophila</i> using the Genomics Education Partnership gene annotation protocol for Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2024 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gene model for the ortholog of S6k in Drosophila yakuba. 雅库巴果蝇S6k同源基因模型的研究。
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2024-12-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001018
Grace Keirn, Cole A Kiser, Leon F Laskowski, Jordan Hensley, Rachel Mortan, Thuy Nguyen, Shallee T Page, Charles Du, Jeroen T F Gillard, Anya Goodman, James J Youngblom, Chinmay P Rele, Laura K Reed
{"title":"Gene model for the ortholog of <i>S6k</i> in <i>Drosophila yakuba</i>.","authors":"Grace Keirn, Cole A Kiser, Leon F Laskowski, Jordan Hensley, Rachel Mortan, Thuy Nguyen, Shallee T Page, Charles Du, Jeroen T F Gillard, Anya Goodman, James J Youngblom, Chinmay P Rele, Laura K Reed","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17912/micropub.biology.001018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene model for the ortholog of <i>Ribosomal protein S6 kinase</i> ( <i>S6k</i> ) in the Dyak_CAF1 Genome Assembly (GenBank Accession: GCA_000005975.1) of <i>Drosophila yakuba</i> . This ortholog was characterized as part of a developing dataset to study the evolution of the Insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS) across the genus <i>Drosophila</i> using the Genomics Education Partnership gene annotation protocol for Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2024 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis of virulence factors produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from chronic wounds or bloodstream infections. 慢性伤口或血流感染铜绿假单胞菌菌株产生毒力因子的比较分析。
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2024-12-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001413
Felipe L Teixeira, Heidi Pauer, Gabriel Luis C Valente, Geraldo Renato de Paula
{"title":"Comparative analysis of virulence factors produced by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> strains isolated from chronic wounds or bloodstream infections.","authors":"Felipe L Teixeira, Heidi Pauer, Gabriel Luis C Valente, Geraldo Renato de Paula","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001413","DOIUrl":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is an important pathogen associated with both chronic wounds and bloodstream infections. Virulence factors required for the establishment of acute and chronic infections differ substantially. Since bacteremia can be a severe outcome of wound colonization, we performed a comparative analysis of virulence between <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains isolated from the bloodstream and chronic wounds. Our results show that, in general, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains isolated from bloodstream infections are more virulent than strains that colonize chronic wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2024 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11688615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Larval hematopoietic organs of multiple Drosophila species show effector caspase activity and DNA damage response. 多种果蝇幼虫造血器官显示出效应caspase活性和DNA损伤反应。
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2024-12-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001392
Deepak Maurya, Bama Charan Mondal
{"title":"Larval hematopoietic organs of multiple <i>Drosophila</i> species show effector caspase activity and DNA damage response.","authors":"Deepak Maurya, Bama Charan Mondal","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001392","DOIUrl":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrophages are present in various forms throughout metazoans and play conserved roles in phagocytosis, immunity, and tissue homeostasis. In <i>Drosophila melanogaster'</i> s larval hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland, transient caspase-mediated activation of caspase-activated DNase triggers the DNA damage response (DDR), which is crucial for macrophage-type cell differentiation. Here, we report that other <i>Drosophila</i> species having different-sized mature lymph glands show effector caspase activity and DDR similar to those in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> , indicating that the developmental mechanism regulating phagocytic macrophage differentiation is conserved in different species of <i>Drosophila</i> .</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2024 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sudden phototactic reversal induced by hypochlorous acid exposure in the bioluminescent ostracod crustacean, Vargula hilgendorfii. 次氯酸对生物发光甲壳类介形虫的突然光致逆转作用。
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2024-12-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001410
Kouki Sugitani, Reika Ohnishi, Daigo Inaoka, Hiroki Ono, Noritaka Hirohashi
{"title":"Sudden phototactic reversal induced by hypochlorous acid exposure in the bioluminescent ostracod crustacean, <i>Vargula hilgendorfii.</i>","authors":"Kouki Sugitani, Reika Ohnishi, Daigo Inaoka, Hiroki Ono, Noritaka Hirohashi","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001410","DOIUrl":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reversal of phototaxis has been observed in a wide range of animal species. However, environmental chemicals that can cause a quick reversal of phototaxis have rarely been reported. Here we identified hypochlorous acid (HClO) as an inducer of phototactic reversal in <i>Vargula hilgendorfii</i> , also known as sea fireflies. This species shows innate photophobic swimming behavior away from light sources and 0.1% HClO triggers rapid positive phototactic responses, that is reversible upon washout. Phototactic assays using monochromatic light irradiation revealed the highest photophobic responses at 460 nm, while the HClO-induced photophilic responses were observed widely, even in UV light.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2024 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11688616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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