Life medicinePub Date : 2023-04-17eCollection Date: 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1093/lifemedi/lnad013
Yu Fu, Yifan He, Di Wu, Bingdong Sui, Yan Jin, Xuefeng Hu, Songtao Shi
{"title":"Apoptotic vesicles: emerging concepts and research progress in physiology and therapy.","authors":"Yu Fu, Yifan He, Di Wu, Bingdong Sui, Yan Jin, Xuefeng Hu, Songtao Shi","doi":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apoptosis represents the dominant form of programmed cell death and plays critical roles in maintaining tissue and organ homeostasis. A notable population of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is generated during apoptosis, known as apoptotic vesicles (apoVs). These apoVs are increasingly the subject of studies concerning their identity and mechanisms of production, which have been revealed unique biological and functional characteristics that are emerging as crucial regulators for diverse processes. Furthermore, apoVs have been gradually noticed for their essential role in regulating the physiology of various organ systems <i>in vivo</i>, and growing evidence suggests that apoV dysregulation contributes to age- and pathology-associated tissue alterations. Importantly, apoVs can be therapeutically harnessed to unleash their potential in treating several diseases such as immune disorders, osteoporosis, cutaneous wound and acute liver failure; these vesicles, mainly derived from cultured mesenchymal stem cells, hold great translational promise. Here we review the current landscape of scientific knowledge about apoVs, with emphasis on mechanistic insights into how apoVs contribute to organismal health and disease, which also provide novel cell-free strategies for EV-based regenerative therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":74073,"journal":{"name":"Life medicine","volume":" ","pages":"lnad013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46036103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Restoring carboxypeptidase E rescues BDNF maturation and neurogenesis in aged brains.","authors":"Hongmei Liu, Dongfang Jiang, Fuwen Yao, Tingting Li, Bo Zhou, Song Zhao, Keyan Yang, Haiping Feng, Jiaqi Shen, Jinglan Tang, Sijia Wang, Yu-Xin Zhang, Yun Wang, Qian Li, Yongliang Zhao, Caixia Guo, Tie-Shan Tang","doi":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad015","DOIUrl":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adult neurogenesis declines with age due to the less functional neural stem cells (NSCs) and niches, but the underlying molecular bases for this impaired condition remain unclear. Here we analyzed >55,000 single-cell transcriptomes from two discrete neurogenic niches across the mouse lifespan, and identified new features and populations in NSCs, new markers, and neurogenic regional-specific alternations during aging. Intercellular communication analysis revealed defects in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TrkB signaling cascade in old NSCs. Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) was found to be highly enriched in NSCs, and played a crucial role in mature/proBDNF balance and adult neurogenesis. Diminishment of CPE with aging resulted in impaired generation of BDNF, thus limiting the neurogenesis in old neurogenic niches. Restoring CPE expression markedly rescued the adult neurogenesis by increasing the production of mature BDNF, offering an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of certain disorders in regions associated with constitutive neurogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":74073,"journal":{"name":"Life medicine","volume":" ","pages":"lnad015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47018071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Life medicinePub Date : 2023-04-08eCollection Date: 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1093/lifemedi/lnad008
Yongtai Bai, Kai Li, Jinying Peng, Chengqi Yi
{"title":"m<sup>6</sup>A modification: a new avenue for anti-cancer therapy.","authors":"Yongtai Bai, Kai Li, Jinying Peng, Chengqi Yi","doi":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad008","DOIUrl":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To date, over 170 different kinds of chemical modifications on RNAs have been identified, some of which are involved in multiple aspects of RNA fate, ranging from RNA processing, nuclear export, translation, and RNA decay. m<sup>6</sup>A, also known as <i>N</i> <sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine, is a prominent internal RNA modification that is catalyzed primarily by the METTL3-METTL14-WTAP methyltransferase complex in higher eukaryotic mRNA and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). In recent years, abnormal m<sup>6</sup>A modification has been linked to the occurrence, development, progression, and prognosis of the majority of cancers. In this review, we provide an update on the most recent m<sup>6</sup>A modification discoveries as well as the critical roles of m<sup>6</sup>A modification in cancer development and progression. We summarize the mechanisms of m<sup>6</sup>A involvement in cancer and list potential cancer therapy inhibitors that target m<sup>6</sup>A regulators such as \"writer\" METTL3 and \"eraser\" FTO.</p>","PeriodicalId":74073,"journal":{"name":"Life medicine","volume":" ","pages":"lnad008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48762151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Life medicinePub Date : 2023-03-23eCollection Date: 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1093/lifemedi/lnad012
Siqi Wang, Zhengyu Luo, Weiguang Liu, Tengfei Hu, Zhongying Zhao, Michael G Rosenfeld, Xiaoyuan Song
{"title":"The 3D genome and its impacts on human health and disease.","authors":"Siqi Wang, Zhengyu Luo, Weiguang Liu, Tengfei Hu, Zhongying Zhao, Michael G Rosenfeld, Xiaoyuan Song","doi":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eukaryotic genomes are highly compacted in the cell nucleus. Two loci separated by a long linear distance can be brought into proximity in space through DNA-binding proteins and RNAs, which contributes profoundly to the regulation of gene expression. Recent technology advances have enabled the development and application of the chromosome conformation capture (3C) technique and a host of 3C-based methods that enable genome-scale investigations into changes in chromatin high-order structures during diverse physiological processes and diseases. In this review, we introduce 3C-based technologies and discuss how they can be utilized to glean insights into the impacts of three-dimensional (3D) genome organization in normal physiological and disease processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74073,"journal":{"name":"Life medicine","volume":" ","pages":"lnad012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46870299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Life medicinePub Date : 2023-03-13eCollection Date: 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1093/lifemedi/lnad011
Chao Li, Hao Zhu, Lei Zhang, Xianwei Liu, Yibing Ji, Haihong Zhang, Zhongpeng Li, Chen Wu, Fangfang Zhu
{"title":"Human platelet lysate as a substitute for serum in natural killer cell generation and expansion.","authors":"Chao Li, Hao Zhu, Lei Zhang, Xianwei Liu, Yibing Ji, Haihong Zhang, Zhongpeng Li, Chen Wu, Fangfang Zhu","doi":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74073,"journal":{"name":"Life medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"lnad011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61609295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Life medicinePub Date : 2023-03-06eCollection Date: 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1093/lifemedi/lnad009
Liren Wang, Stefan Siwko, Dali Li
{"title":"Waking up the silenced beauty: CRISPR/Cas9 mediated reactivation of fetal hemoglobin genes to treat severe beta-thalassemia in young patients.","authors":"Liren Wang, Stefan Siwko, Dali Li","doi":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74073,"journal":{"name":"Life medicine","volume":" ","pages":"lnad009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42678269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Life medicinePub Date : 2023-02-23eCollection Date: 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1093/lifemedi/lnad005
Xudong Zhang, Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez, Jun Wang
{"title":"Artificial intelligence accelerates efficient mining of functional peptides.","authors":"Xudong Zhang, Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez, Jun Wang","doi":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74073,"journal":{"name":"Life medicine","volume":" ","pages":"lnad005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48955364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Life medicinePub Date : 2023-02-21eCollection Date: 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1093/lifemedi/lnad007
Yaqing Wang, Jianhua Qin
{"title":"Advances in human organoids-on-chips in biomedical research.","authors":"Yaqing Wang, Jianhua Qin","doi":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/lifemedi/lnad007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organoids-on-chips is opening up new frontier of research in biomedical field by combining organoids and organs-on-chips technology. The integrative technology offers great opportunities to maximize the potentials of organoids with higher fidelity, thus building advanced organ model systems in a physiologically relevant manner. In this review, we highlight the key features of organoids-on-chips and how this integrative technology could be used to build organoids in higher fidelity under controlled cellular microenvironment. We then introduce the recent progress of organoids-on-chips and their applications in biomedical research. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges of the nascent field of organoids-on-chips that lie ahead to accelerate their utility in disease research, drug testing, and regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":74073,"journal":{"name":"Life medicine","volume":" ","pages":"lnad007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45629332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}