Journal of Yeungnam medical science最新文献

{"title":"The feasibility of conducting successful pulmonary rehabilitation in India.","authors":"Manivel Arumugam, Senthilkumar Ramasamy, Pitchaimani Govindharaj, Mahendran Murugan","doi":"10.12701/jyms.2025.42.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a highly effective evidence-based treatment with multidisciplinary and comprehensive individualized interventions that reduce morbidity by improving functional capacity and managing respiratory symptoms. It can contribute to overall wellness, reduce symptoms related to respiratory conditions, and facilitate routine work and social activities. Hence, it is a vital component of integrated care for patients with chronic respiratory diseases. In India, PR faces several challenges arising from patients, society, and hospitals. Recent evidence suggests that PR has significant benefits in chronic respiratory diseases, including reduced morbidity and mortality, improved quality of life, and cost savings. Nevertheless, it has been significantly underutilized and has not received the necessary attention in India. The lack of proper utilization of PR can be attributed to several factors, including a lack of awareness and understanding among healthcare professionals regarding its advantages, insufficient referrals to PR programs, scarcity of specialized professionals trained in PR, and a general lack of awareness among patients about its benefits. This article aims to outline the obstacles to PR, identify the factors that influence its successful implementation, and propose possible solutions to overcome these barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":74020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Yeungnam medical science","volume":"42 ","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reckless policy to expand medical school enrollment quotas slows down research engines at the local private hospital: an editorial.","authors":"Min Cheol Chang","doi":"10.12701/jyms.2025.42.47","DOIUrl":"10.12701/jyms.2025.42.47","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Yeungnam medical science","volume":"42 ","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and mental health: a narrative review of emerging benefits and risks.","authors":"JinWoo Kim","doi":"10.12701/jyms.2025.42.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), originally developed for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, are increasingly recognized for their significant impact on the central nervous system, leading to reports of both beneficial and adverse mental health effects. This review summarizes the current evidence on the effects of GLP-1 RAs on various psychiatric and neurocognitive conditions to evaluate their clinical benefits and potential risks. The literature has revealed a complex and multifaceted psychiatric profile. For depression and anxiety, the evidence is conflicting, with large observational studies showing contradictory results that are largely attributable to confounding by indication or methodological differences in the study design. In contrast, consistent and positive evidence suggests therapeutic potential for substance use disorders, particularly alcohol use disorders. Furthermore, emerging data indicate a significant neuroprotective role, with several cohort studies indicating a reduced risk of dementia. The major public and regulatory attention regarding suicidality appears to be driven by the methodological limitations of the initial reports, as well-controlled active comparator studies have not found an increased risk. However, the safety of GLP-1 RAs in high-risk psychiatric populations has not been established. In conclusion, while GLP-1 RAs show considerable therapeutic potential, their unresolved safety profile in patients with preexisting psychiatric conditions necessitates a cautious clinical approach. Future large-scale randomized controlled trials that include psychiatric populations are crucial for clarifying the direct neuromodulatory effects of these agents and establishing guidelines for their safe use.</p>","PeriodicalId":74020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Yeungnam medical science","volume":"42 ","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness among patients with intermittent exotropia according to fixation preference: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Yeon Ju Lim, Soo Jung Lee","doi":"10.12701/jyms.2024.00864","DOIUrl":"10.12701/jyms.2024.00864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study was performed to compare the thickness of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) depending on the presence or absence of fixation preference in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT) with refractive values close to emmetropia and with no amblyopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study recruited pediatric patients diagnosed with IXT with a spherical equivalent within ±1.25 diopter and no amblyopia. The patients were categorized into two groups: a monocular exotropia group with fixation preference and an alternating exotropia group without fixation preference. GCIPL thickness was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and the macula was divided into nine sectors according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). GCIPL thickness in each sector was compared between the monocular and alternating exotropia groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the monocular exotropia group, GCIPL thickness was significantly thinner in the dominant eye than in the nondominant eye in the S1 sector (91.2±7.4 μm vs. 93.3±5.2 μm, p=0.019). However, in the alternating exotropia group, there were no significant differences between the eyes across all ETDRS sectors. When comparing the interocular differences in GCIPL thickness between the two groups, the monocular exotropia group (absolute value of the dominant eye minus the nondominant eye) exhibited significantly greater differences in several ETDRS sectors than the alternating exotropia group (absolute value of the right eye minus the left eye).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The significant interocular difference in GCIPL thickness in the monocular exotropia group suggests that fixation preference may influence the anatomical structure of the macula in patients with IXT.</p>","PeriodicalId":74020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Yeungnam medical science","volume":" ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11812067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress and sleep quality among medical students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Tamal Kanti Kairi, Sanghamitra Dey, Rifat Jahan, Shahnewaz Fuad","doi":"10.12701/jyms.2025.42.42","DOIUrl":"10.12701/jyms.2025.42.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical students experience high levels of stress owing to their demanding academic environment, which can significantly impact their sleep quality. This study aimed to assess the status of stress and sleep quality among medical students in Bangladesh and identify the factors influencing these conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 280 undergraduate medical students selected by stratified random sampling from four medical colleges in Bangladesh. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire covering sociodemographic details, stress- and sleep-related factors, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that 65.7% of students experienced stress, which was categorized as mild (27.5%), moderate (22.1%), or severe (16.1%). Poor sleep quality was prevalent in 72.1% of students, with 48.2% being moderately poor sleepers and 23.9% being very poor sleepers. Factors significantly associated with stress included female sex, higher academic year, lack of physical activity, high parental expectations, academic concerns, lack of a doctor in the family, and parental influence in choosing medical education. Poor sleep quality was significantly linked to stress, female sex, hostel residency, increased screen time before sleep, late dinner, daytime naps, coffee intake, and late-night snacks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the high prevalence of stress and poor sleep quality among medical students in Bangladesh. Stress significantly contributes to sleep disturbances, and various lifestyle and academic factors exacerbate these issues. Targeted interventions, including stress management programs and the promotion of healthier sleep, are essential for improving students' well-being and academic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":74020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Yeungnam medical science","volume":"42 ","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144801097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicle-associated epidermal growth factor receptor as a potential liquid biopsy biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma: a case-control study.","authors":"Dian Jamel Salih","doi":"10.12701/jyms.2025.42.36","DOIUrl":"10.12701/jyms.2025.42.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as potential noninvasive biomarkers for liquid biopsy because of the limitations of tissue biopsies in lung cancer. This study investigated the presence of EV-associated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in lung adenocarcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EVs were collected from the serum samples of 32 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, 32 healthy controls, and conditioned culture media from A549 and BEAS-2B cell lines. EVs were isolated using ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography. Their characteristic features were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NTA revealed a two-fold increase in EV concentration in the serum of patients with lung cancer compared to healthy controls. Similarly, A549 cells secrete significantly more EVs than BEAS-2B cells. Western blotting validated the detection of canonical EV markers, such as TSG101, CD81, and flotillin-1, as well as the absence of calnexin. Notably, EGFR was highly packaged in the EVs isolated from both A549 cells and patient serum, whereas it was minimally present or absent in the EVs isolated from healthy controls and BEAS-2B cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicated that EGFR was selectively packaged into EVs derived from lung adenocarcinoma and was absent in non-cancerous controls. EV-associated EGFR could be a noninvasive indicator for the early detection of lung adenocarcinoma through liquid biopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":74020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Yeungnam medical science","volume":"42 ","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12303782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and opportunities in biobank utilization: insights from a 3-year repeated cross-sectional survey of the Female Breast and Genital Disease with Microbiome Biobank Network in South Korea.","authors":"Sangzin Ahn, Hwa Jin Cho, Mi-Seon Kang, An Na Seo, Lucia Kim, Kyung Un Choi, Mee Sook Roh, Eun-Young Kim","doi":"10.12701/jyms.2025.42.46","DOIUrl":"10.12701/jyms.2025.42.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to document the patterns, challenges, and opportunities for biobank utilization within the Female Breast and Genital Disease with Microbiome Biobank Network (FDMNet) in South Korea. Annual surveys (2022-2024) assessed researcher awareness, utilization patterns, barriers to access, research requirements, and interest in microbiome research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online questionnaires were distributed to staff members at five university hospitals participating in FDMNet. Data from 155 respondents across 3 years were analyzed using descriptive statistics for quantitative data. Qualitative feedback was examined using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection and natural language processing to identify the thematic clusters of user challenges.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite high engagement with biobank resources (76% of the respondents), declining participation rates and interinstitutional collaborations were observed, particularly in 2024, amid the nationwide healthcare crisis. The major barriers to utilization included complex access procedures (31.0%), lack of process knowledge (23.9%), and concerns about Institutional Review Board approval (11.6%). Breast neoplasms (12.3%) and female genital neoplasms (11.0%) were the primary research interests, with blood (24.5%) and tissue (23.9%) samples being the most requested specimens. Most respondents (66.5%) expressed interest in microbiome research but reported insufficient knowledge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the need for streamlined access procedures, improved researcher education, enhanced clinical data integration, and stronger governance structures to overcome existing barriers to biobank utilization. These insights can guide strategic improvements in biobank operations and resource allocation to serve the evolving needs of the research community better.</p>","PeriodicalId":74020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Yeungnam medical science","volume":"42 ","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of large language models in fluoride-related dental knowledge: a comparative evaluation study of ChatGPT-4, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, Copilot, and Grok 3.","authors":"Raju Biswas, Atanu Mukhopadhyay, Santanu Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.12701/jyms.2025.42.53","DOIUrl":"10.12701/jyms.2025.42.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly emerged as valuable tools in medical and dental education that support clinical reasoning, patient communication, and academic instruction. However, their effectiveness in conveying specialized content, such as fluoride-related dental knowledge, requires a thorough evaluation. This study assesses the performance of four advanced LLMs-ChatGPT-4 (OpenAI), Claude 3.5 Sonnet (Anthropic), Microsoft Copilot, and Grok 3 (xAI)-in addressing fluoride-related topics in dentistry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional comparative analysis was conducted using a mixed methods framework. Fifty multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and ten open-ended questions covering fluoride chemistry, clinical applications, and safety concerns were administered to each LLM. Open-ended responses were scored by two blinded expert raters using a four-dimensional rubric of accuracy, depth, clarity, and evidence. Interrater agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa and Spearman's rank correlation tests. Statistical comparisons were performed using analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, and post-hoc tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All models demonstrated high MCQ accuracy (88%-94%). Claude 3.5 Sonnet consistently achieved the highest average scores for the open-ended responses, particularly in the clarity dimension, with a statistically significant difference (p=0.009). Minor differences of 0.1 to 0.6 points between models in accuracy, depth, and evidence dimensions were observed but did not reach statistical significance. Despite minor differences across dimensions, all LLMs exhibited a strong performance in conveying fluoride-related dental content. Interrater agreement in model rankings was generally strong, supporting the reliability of the comparative outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Advanced LLMs have substantial potential as supplementary tools for dental education and patient communication regarding fluoride use. Claude 3.5 Sonnet showed a notable advantage in terms of linguistic clarity, highlighting its value in educational contexts. Ongoing evaluation, clinical validation, and oversight are essential to ensure safe and effective integration of LLM into dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":74020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Yeungnam medical science","volume":"42 ","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral adrenal adenomas with autonomous cortisol secretion from both glands and autonomous aldosterone secretion from the left adrenal: a case report.","authors":"Jung Eun Han, Soyeon Yoo, Sang Ah Lee, Gwanpyo Koh","doi":"10.12701/jyms.2025.42.33","DOIUrl":"10.12701/jyms.2025.42.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension and increases the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases. When PA coexists with autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS), the cardiovascular risk increases significantly, especially in cases of bilateral adrenal adenomas with asymmetric hormone secretion, which poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. A 50-year-old female presented with hypertension and hypokalemia. PA was diagnosed based on elevated aldosterone levels, suppressed plasma renin activity, and the results of various dynamic endocrine tests. Imaging revealed bilateral adrenal adenomas, and adrenal venous sampling (AVS) confirmed aldosterone hypersecretion from the left adrenal gland and cortisol hypersecretion from both adrenal glands. The patient subsequently underwent left adrenalectomy, which resolved the aldosterone hypersecretion and normalized blood pressure and potassium levels. However, the cortisol hypersecretion persisted. This case highlights the importance of AVS in identifying the sources of hormone secretion and enabling targeted surgical treatment while avoiding bilateral adrenalectomy, which can lead to lifelong adrenal insufficiency. Comprehensive endocrine evaluation, including ACS assessment, in patients with PA is essential to help reduce the cardiovascular risks associated with PA and ACS and thus improve treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Yeungnam medical science","volume":"42 ","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12303784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Following the snow-covered path to home.","authors":"","doi":"10.12701/jyms.2024.01382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.01382","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Yeungnam medical science","volume":"42 ","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}