Polymer Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Infill density optimization for enhanced specific strength and thermal properties of 3D printed components for space applications","authors":"Jaya Kori,&nbsp;Somnath Chattopadhyaya,&nbsp;Sayan Chatterjee,&nbsp;Madhulika Srivastava","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06720-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06720-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In aerospace applications, low density materials with high strength play a critical role in reducing the launch cost and increasing the mission performance and payload efficiency. The objective of the work is to examine the effect of infill density to create mass-efficient structural parts through AM technology without compromising mechanical and thermal integrity for space applications. The proposed work conducted the original exploration of the mechanical and thermal behavior of PA12-CF composite printed through fused deposition modeling (FDM) at different infill densities (60%, 80%, and 100%). A comprehensive correlation between infill density, weight efficiency, and thermo-mechanical performance is developed, using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) in multi-criteria optimization. The mechanical tests involved tensile, compression, flexural strength, and fracture toughness, and the thermal tests were performed by hot disc transient plane source (TPS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The findings show that the highest specific compressive strength, 51.53 kN·m/kg, flexural strength, 76.67 kN·m/kg, and fracture toughness of 80.79 MPa can be achieved with 100% infill density. Nevertheless, the greatest specific tensile strength of 56.09 kN·m/kg is produced by 80% infill, which is 2.32% higher than the fully dense part. Based on the TPS outcomes, higher infill density leads to higher thermal conductivity and heat capacity, reaching 0.3873 W/m·K and 1.7620 MJ/m³·<span>(:text{K})</span>, respectively. The maximum temperature obtained from DSC analysis is 170 ˚C. The TOPSIS outputs determine that the 100% infill is the best possible solution for balancing the thermo-mechanical properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of carbon quantum dots on the UV-curing behavior and properties of waterborne polyurethane acrylate coatings","authors":"Lucas Dall Agnol,&nbsp;Marcos Gustavo de Medeiros Brandão,&nbsp;Gricirene Sousa Correia,&nbsp;Fernanda Trindade Gonzalez Dias,&nbsp;Marco Sangermano,&nbsp;Otávio Bianchi","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06712-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06712-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photoactive carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are promising modifiers for waterborne polyurethane acrylate (WPUA) coatings, but their effect on UV-curing kinetics depends on how they interact with the photopolymerizable matrix. This study evaluates the influence of CQDs surface chemistry, photoluminescence quantum yield (QY), and incorporation route on curing behavior and final coating properties. Two CQDs with distinct QY values (≈23% and ≈62%) but similar surface functional groups were incorporated into WPUA dispersions via aqueous-phase addition and acetone pre-dispersion. Photo-DSC analysis revealed that CQDs broadened curing profiles, increased peak time from 4.2 s to 13.7–44.5 s, and reduced C=C conversion from 92.8% to 50.8–77.9%. A semi-quantitative analysis indicated that curing retardation arises from combined competitive UV absorption and route-dependent mobility restrictions induced by CQDs–WPUA interactions. Despite reduced conversion and gel content (97.8% to 83–93%), CQDs improved coating performance, increasing tensile strength from 4.3 MPa to 6.1–6.6 MPa (≈40–53%), and thermal stability (T_10%) from 298.2 °C to 309.1 °C. The incorporation route affected curing and properties in a CQDs-dependent manner, while QY differences produced only minor kinetic effects, indicating that surface chemistry and matrix interactions govern the response more strongly than photoluminescence. Under air, selected formulations suggested an apparent attenuation of oxygen inhibition, consistent with auxiliary CQDs photoactivity. Hansen solubility parameter analysis further revealed a contraction of the solubility sphere, indicating a more constrained network with improved solvent resistance. CQDs act as multifunctional modifiers that tune curing efficiency and coating performance through surface functionality and incorporation route.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00289-026-06712-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cooling technique on shape memory performance and cycle time of a rubber/stearic acid SMP in a classical hot thermomechanical cycle","authors":"Rola Abdul Al Khader Abbas,&nbsp;Evan T. Salim,&nbsp;Motahher A. Qaeed","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06731-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06731-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the effect of different cooling techniques on five polymer properties: temporary shape fixity rate (<i>R</i>_<i>f</i>), permanent original shape recovery rate(<i>Rr</i>), shape memory index (SM-index), recovery rate ((γ_rec), and shape memory fill factor (<i>f</i>_<i>sm</i>). These cooling techniques were used for immobilizing a mechanically deformed shape during the programming stage of a classical hot thermomechanical cycle. The five polymer properties were selected as they are considered key determinants of the behavior of the material as a shape memory material. Additionally, the study investigated the effect of these cooling techniques on the shape memory cycle time and, consequently, on the functional efficiency of the classical hot cycle. The smart polymer material under study, an elastomer/small molecule blend shape memory polymer (SMP), was prepared by impregnating commercial rubber band (RB) for 2 h with stearic acid (SA) at a weight fraction of 31%. The cooling techniques used in this study consisted of cooling with ice water at 10 °C followed by cooling at room temperature (23 °C). The comparative results demonstrated that all shape memory properties ((γ_rec, SM-index, <i>R</i>_<i>r</i>, <i>R</i>_<i>f</i>) increased when artificial (abnormal) cooling was applied. Furthermore, the strain which was intended to be frozen at 80%, was spontaneously released by only 9.6% after 10 min of artificial cooling. On the other hand, a much higher release of 57.7% occurred during the same period with natural cooling conditions. As a result, the freezing duration had to be extended from 10 min to bring the shape memory fill factor (<i>f</i>_<i>sm</i>) of both techniques closer to the ideal shape memory behavior (idea-SM-behaver). The increase in freezing duration significantly affected the overall cycle duration. The total shape memory cycle time based on natural cooling increased to 56 min, which is considerably longer than the 36-min cycle time achieved using artificial cooling. These findings highlight the superior functional efficiency of artificial cooling in classical hot thermomechanical cycle of SMPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicone and EPDM rubber-based composites for high-voltage power transmission insulator sheds: a review","authors":"Victor Ogbonna,&nbsp;Olawale Popoola,&nbsp;Patricia Popoola","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06737-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06737-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The need for energy solutions for inclusive and sustainable societies, as well as the expansion of electricity generation has remarkably accelerated the development of high-voltage power network infrastructures. Hence, the necessitated improved performance demands from rubber-based composite insulators. Silicone rubber (SIR) and Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber being the most common based-matrix material used in the design and manufacturing of outdoor high-voltage insulator sheds. Thus, the review study emphasized on SIR and EPDM insulation in addition with their characteristics improvement for use in high-voltage power transmission systems. Inorganic fillers like SiO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, Mg(OH)₂, BN, etc. were found promising in the development of sustainable SIR and EPDM composite materials with improved mechanical, electrical, thermal, and hydrophobicity properties for insulator housing components. Although, one major challenge facing inorganic filler-reinforced rubber composites remains filler agglomeration. Additionally, the study revealed that polymer insulators in extreme environmental conditions under long exposure exhibit leakage current and surface properties degradation. As such, this study was concluded with challenges surrounding outdoor insulator shed components, as well as recommendations for future enhancement of composite insulators containing SIR and/or EPDM rubber matrix. Therefore, the study will pave the way in the futuristic study for material selection, design, development, and applications of outdoor high-voltage insulators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00289-026-06737-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical and dynamic behavior of UHMWPE/Basalt hybrid polymer-matrix composites with garnet filler reinforcement for structural applications","authors":"R. Raghavendra Rao,&nbsp;B. N. Sharath,&nbsp;P. Madhu,&nbsp;D. G. Pradeep,&nbsp;S. Pradeep","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06734-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06734-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, hybrid polymer-matrix composite laminates were fabricated from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and basalt using the hand layup method, with varying proportions of fiber and matrix weight. A mechanical characterisation was performed in accordance with ASTM standards to evaluate tensile strength, flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), hardness, density, and dynamic mechanical properties. Laminates reinforced exclusively with basalt fiber showed a decline in flexural strength, whereas those reinforced solely with UHMWPE fiber displayed a reduction in tensile strength. This reduction is attributed to the fabrication challenges encountered with higher fiber contents. To overcome these limitations, hybrid laminates with varying proportions of UHMWPE fiber (5–15 wt%) were developed. Among these, laminate LD, comprising 45 wt% basalt, 10 wt% UHMWPE, and 45 wt% epoxy, exhibited significant enhancements in both tensile and flexural properties. Further enhancement of interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was achieved by incorporating natural garnet filler at 2–5 wt% into low-density (LD) laminates. The optimised laminate, designated LK2, comprising 45 wt% basalt, 10 wt% ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), 3 wt% garnet, and 42 wt% epoxy, exhibited a superior tensile strength of 406.4 MPa, a flexural strength of 603.25 MPa, an ILSS of 17.01 MPa, and enhanced damping properties, along with improved microstructure. The findings indicate that LK2 hybrid laminates offer a balanced combination of strength, stiffness, and damping capabilities over a temperature range of 25–140 °C. These properties indicate that LK2 has potential for applications in lightweight structural panels, automotive and transportation interior components, industrial housings, and protective covers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated experimental–numerical–kinetic framework for predicting the tensile behavior of carbon fiber reinforced composites at different temperatures","authors":"Phani Prasanthi,&nbsp;B. Raghu Kumar,&nbsp;U. Koteswara Rao,&nbsp;T. Srinag","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06709-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06709-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) are widely used in aerospace, automotive, and structural engineering applications owing to their high specific strength and stiffness. However, their tensile performance deteriorates significantly under elevated temperatures, which may lead to premature structural failure during service. To address this challenge, this study proposes a hybrid predictive framework that integrates experimental tensile testing, finite element (FE) simulation, and Arrhenius-based lifetime modeling to evaluate the temperature-dependent tensile behavior and predict the service life of CFRPs. Tensile tests were conducted at room temperature, 50 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C. Tensile tests were conducted at room temperature, 50 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C to evaluate the thermo-mechanical behavior of the CFRP composites. The experimental results showed that the tensile strength decreased by 33.33%, 61.92%, and 57.94% at 50 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C, respectively, compared with room temperature. Finite element simulations showed good agreement with the experimental results, with prediction errors below 5% at room temperature and 50 °C, and were subsequently used to predict the tensile behavior up to 200 °C<b>.</b> Furthermore, the Arrhenius kinetic model was employed to establish the relationship between thermal degradation kinetics and tensile strength degradation, enabling the prediction of the service life of CFRPs under elevated-temperature exposure. The proposed integrated framework provides a reliable and efficient methodology for predicting the tensile strength degradation and service life of CFRPs over a wide range of operating temperatures, thereby supporting their design and long-term reliability in high-temperature applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic polyphosphazene nanocomposites: synthesis, properties, and applications","authors":"Nand Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06736-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06736-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnetic polyphosphazene nanocomposites have emerged as a versatile class of hybrid materials that merge the adaptive organic–inorganic framework of polyphosphazenes with the functional capabilities of magnetic nanoparticles. This synergy provides materials with adjustable physicochemical properties, magnetic responsiveness, and improved stability. These nanocomposites are commonly engineered as core–shell systems or through uniform dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles within polyphosphazene matrices, allowing precise control over structure and performance. This review presents an overview of fabrication strategies for magnetic polyphosphazene nanocomposites, detailing major synthesis routes for magnetic particles, magnetic polymer nanocomposites, and their polyphosphazene-based counterparts. Emphasis is placed on formation mechanisms, structure–property relationships, and the broad spectrum of applications that highlight the potential of these materials in biomedical, catalytic, and environmental fields.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Magnetic polyphosphazene nanocomposites represent promising materials for biomedical applications, environmental remediation, catalysis, and supercapacitor electrodes, owing to the synergistic integration of the organic–inorganic polyphosphazene framework with the functional properties of magnetic nanoparticles.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From absorbers to shields: polymeric compounds redefining UV protection","authors":"Karishma Supare,&nbsp;S. T. Mhaske","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06724-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06724-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing clinical awareness of ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced photodamage has driven the advancement of sophisticated cosmetic and personal care formulations for enhanced photoprotection. Conventional organic and inorganic UV filters, although effective in absorption and scattering, are often limited by photoinstability, potential dermal irritation, and environmental concerns. Consequently, polymeric systems have emerged as functional materials that augment sunscreen performance through roles as film formers, encapsulation matrices, stabilizers, and controlled-release carriers. Polymeric film formation on the skin improves adhesion, reduces migration, and prolongs UV protection while minimizing systemic exposure. Additionally, polymer-assisted encapsulation and grafting strategies-such as nanocapsules, micellar systems, and hydrogel networks-enhance the physicochemical stability and sustained delivery of UV actives. Both natural polymers (e.g., chitosan, cellulose derivatives) and synthetic polymers (e.g., polyacrylates, silicones) have demonstrated significant potential in these applications. Findings indicate that lignin-derived nanoparticles achieve sun protection factors exceeding 50, effectively rivaling petroleum-derived agents. From an environmental perspective, polymer-based systems can mitigate the release of free UV filters into aquatic ecosystems; however, challenges remain in achieving complete biodegradability, ensuring compatibility with diverse actives, and meeting regulatory requirements. This review highlights the multifunctional role of polymers in UV protection and outlines emerging strategies for the development of sustainable sunscreen technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Box–Behnken optimization of polycarboxylate ether synthesis for concrete performance","authors":"Zeynep Özserçe Haste","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06718-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06718-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polycarboxylate ether (PCE) was synthesized via free-radical copolymerization, and the effects of reaction temperature, HPMA concentration, and monomer feeding time on its performance were systematically investigated. A Design of Experiments (DoE) approach combined with ANOVA and Box–Behnken design (Design-Expert^® 11.1) was employed to model and optimize the synthesis parameters. The developed second-order models, with high coefficients of determination (R² = 0.9480 for slump and R² = 0.9950 for compressive strength) and non-significant discordance, confirmed the adequacy of the model and demonstrated statistical significance. Temperature and concentration were identified as the most influential factors for both responses (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). The superior performance observed at 40 °C was attributed to controlled polymerization kinetics, which promoted the formation of well-defined comb-like structures with enhanced steric hindrance, while higher temperatures led to decreased efficiency due to accelerated side reactions. Optimization results indicated that 2.5 M HPMA concentration, 4.83 h feeding time, and 40 °C reaction temperature yielded optimal performance, achieving a slump of 14.94 cm and a 28-day compressive strength of 34.29 MPa. This study provides a novel contribution by integrating statistical optimization with mechanistic insight to establish a quantitative relationship between PCE synthesis parameters and concrete performance. The synthesized PCE structure was confirmed by XRD, FTIR, ¹H NMR, and SEM analyses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties of sugarcane fiber/polyurethane–epoxy IPN composites: effects of PU molecular weight and fiber interfacial modification","authors":"JinLin Han,&nbsp;ChouJung Tsao,&nbsp;HungTa Wu,&nbsp;KuanLiang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06711-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06711-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study reports the fabrication and characterization of sugarcane fiber/polyurethane–epoxy interpenetrating polymer network (IPNs) composites, with emphasis on the influence of polyurethane (PU) molecular weight (PPG450 and PPG1000), PU content, and fiber surface modification. Sugarcane fibers (SCF) were treated with ethanol and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS) to enhance interfacial compatibility. Mechanical testing revealed that GPS modification effectively improved tensile strength (up to 39.3 MPa), while interfacial modifications achieved higher flexural strength, with a maximum of 62 MPa at 50 wt% SCF. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and SEM observations revealed that increasing the SCF content enhanced the storage modulus and contributed to improved thermal stability, which is attributed to reinforced interfacial interactions and reduced matrix mobility. The PU molecular weight influenced the flexibility of the composite and the distribution of the IPN structure. These findings highlight the critical role of fiber modification, PU characteristics, and fiber loading in optimizing the performance of natural fiber-reinforced IPN composites, providing guidance for their development in structural and functional applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}