Polymer Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis and rheological studies of novel lasoda-based mesoporous hydrogels","authors":"Mohd Iqbal,&nbsp;Susheel Kalia,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06370-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06370-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel Lasoda-based hydrogel was synthesized and optimized using a microwave-assisted method. Various reaction parameters, including initiator concentration, solvent volume, reaction time, monomer concentration, microwave power, pH, and crosslinker concentration, were systematically optimized to obtain a hydrogel with maximum swelling capacity. The optimized hydrogel was characterized using various advanced techniques, including FTIR, FESEM, NMR, BET, TGA, and DTG. Rheological studies, including strain sweep, oscillatory frequency sweep, and thixotropy tests, were conducted. Creep-recovery behaviour determined from compliance-time plots was investigated at room temperature and pH 7. The results demonstrate both viscoelastic and elastic deformation behavior of the prepared hydrogel. The stiffness of the hydrogel was evaluated using the Young’s modulus time plot. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibits pseudoplastic and shear-thinning behavior, as evidenced by its viscosity-shear rate and viscosity-frequency curves, respectively.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescent naphthoquinone–terpenoid metabolites from marine streptomyces B9173 as rutin carriers for antibiotic detection and anti-NSCLC activity","authors":"Binhua Jiang,&nbsp;Rusong Li,&nbsp;Gaopeng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06374-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06374-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) requires therapeutic strategies that combine effective drug delivery, molecular pathway regulation, and compatibility with the complex biochemical environment encountered during treatment. In this study, a multifunctional nano-platform (THN-1@compound 1@rutin) was constructed by integrating the natural flavonoid rutin with a microbial-derived THN-1 scaffold and a quinoline-based coordination component. Structural characterization by PXRD, FT-IR, and TGA confirmed the formation, stability, and crystallinity of the composite. Fluorescence investigations revealed strong solvent-dependent photoluminescence behavior, with water providing the highest emission intensity. The composite further exhibited exceptional selectivity and sensitivity toward the nitrofuran antibiotics NFX and NFT, with quenching efficiencies approaching complete signal suppression, low detection limits (0.323 ppm for NFX and 0.590 ppm for NFT), and excellent recyclability over multiple sensing cycles. Biological assays demonstrated that the nano-formulated rutin significantly improved anti-proliferative activity against A549 NSCLC cells compared with free rutin. The composite also induced a more pronounced regulation of RUNX3, a key tumor-suppressive transcription factor in NSCLC, indicating enhanced mechanistic efficacy. Collectively, the THN-1@compound 1@rutin system functions as both a sensitive fluorescence sensor for nitrofuran antibiotics and an improved therapeutic delivery platform, offering a dual-function approach with potential utility in NSCLC treatment and clinical monitoring.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of biocomposite thermal Insulation panels with silane-modified nano-additives for industrial applications","authors":"Y. Balto,&nbsp;T. Michel Raj,&nbsp;P. Anto Paulin Merinto,&nbsp;A. C. Jinisha","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06367-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06367-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) are critical for improving heat dissipation in electronic, automotive, and renewable energy systems. Their long-term performance under sub-glass-transition (Tg) thermal aging is essential to ensure reliability and stability. This investigation evaluates a hybrid polyester composite reinforced with aluminized glass, bamboo fibers, and carbon quantum dots (CQDs), formulated as 70 vol% resin, 30 vol% hybrid fiber, and 2 vol% CQDs.Specimens were thermally aged at 40 ℃ for 7 to 30 days to assess below the glass transition temperature.Among the aged samples, the 7 day aged specimen (ABS31)with 70 vol% resin, 30 vol% hybrid fiber, and 2 vol% CQDsshowed the least degradation, retaining a tensile strength of 173 MPa, and flexural strength of 192 MPa. Fatigue performance remained stable with 25, 521 cycles, 24, 731 cycles, and 23,922 cycles at 25%, 50%, and 75% UTS.Additionally, the composite exhibited higher thermal conductivity to 0.47 W/mK, and dielectric permittivity (4.59) and loss (0.790) remained acceptable. Scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM) confirmed minimal fiber-matrix debonding in ABS31. In addition, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reveled higher onset (325 ℃) and final degradation temperature (505 ℃) compared to prolonged-aged composites. Overall, ABS31demonstrates strong potential as a durable TIM material with balanced thermal and mechanical performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-pot preparation of photothermal PVA/GG/PDA films for NIR-triggered antibacterial applications","authors":"Karla F. García Verdugo,&nbsp;Lerma H. Chan Chan,&nbsp;Brianda M. Salazar Salas,&nbsp;Beatriz G. González González,&nbsp;Abraham A. Leyva Verduzco,&nbsp;Alexel J. Burgara Estrella,&nbsp;Teresa del Castillo Castro","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06375-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06375-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The design of multifunctional biomaterials with intrinsic antibacterial properties and external stimuli-responsiveness is highly desirable for preventing medical device-associated infections, including catheter-related bloodstream infections and implant-associated bacterial colonization. In this work, composite films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), gellan gum (GG), and polydopamine (PDA) were fabricated via a simple one-pot approach without additional crosslinkers or post-processing steps, through the in situ bulk polymerization of dopamine within a PVA/GG blend prior to casting. The films were comprehensively characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, optical analysis, surface morphology by scanning electron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and mechanical testing. The synthetic route favored catechol-rich PDA over quinone structures. PDA incorporation markedly influenced surface morphology, wettability, optical transmittance, and mechanical performance of composite films, properties that are critical for surface coating stability and durability. Notably, PVA/GG/PDA films exhibited strong bactericidal activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, two clinically relevant pathogens commonly associated with device-related infections. The antibacterial effect was significantly enhanced under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation via photothermal conversion. These results highlight the potential of these composite films as NIR-activated antibacterial surface coatings to prevent localized bacterial colonization and biofilm formation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofunctional evaluation of madecassoside-loaded ADAG hydrogels: enhancing cell migration and macrophage polarization","authors":"Jalaja Aswathy,&nbsp;Sabulal Baby,&nbsp;Annie Abraham","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06359-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06359-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The regeneration of chronic wounds is critically challenged by a dysregulated inflammatory microenvironment and impaired cellular motility. To address this, developed a multifunctional ADAGMAD hydrogel by incorporating the anti-inflammatory triterpenoid Madecassoside (MAD) into a Schiff base network of alginate dialdehyde and gelatin. This study demonstrates that the ADAGMAD system exhibits a controlled, sustained degradation profile with a neutral pH, maintaining structural integrity while dynamically increasing porosity to facilitate tissue ingrowth. In vitro, the ADAGMAD extract significantly enhanced key regenerative processes in fibroblasts, boosting collagen synthesis (168.2 ± 19.3 µg/mL at 48 h) and accelerating wound closure, achieving ~ 90% closure within 15 h. Crucially, under an inflammatory challenge, the hydrogel demonstrated profound immunomodulatory capacity by drastically downregulating pro-inflammatory M1 markers (iNOS, COX 2) and inducing a potent, ~ 25-fold upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF β to polarize macrophages toward a pro-healing M2 phenotype. These findings confirm that the ADAGMAD hydrogel successfully functions as an active, immunomodulatory platform that synergistically provides structural support, controlled drug release, and direct management of the wound microenvironment, presenting a highly promising strategy for advanced chronic wound care and soft tissue regeneration.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of incorporation and optimization of different types of propolis on the physicochemical properties of natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) membranes","authors":"Evelin Thayná Barbosa Serpa,&nbsp;Bruna V. Quevedo,&nbsp;Eliana Aparecida de Rezende Duek,&nbsp;Maira de Lourdes Rezende","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06366-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06366-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The incorporation of propolis into natural rubber (NR) latex has attracted increasing scientific interest, as it combines the biocompatibility of NR with the therapeutic properties of propolis. However, the most suitable form of propolis (aqueous, ethanolic, or dry) to optimize its interaction with the polymeric matrix and its bioactive performance remains uncertain. In this study, the physicochemical properties of NR membranes incorporated with different forms of propolis - dry extract (PDE), aqueous extract (AEP), and ethanolic extract (EEP) - at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20% were investigated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed physical interactions between the constituents, promoting the controlled release (140 h) of active compounds. Kinetic analysis fitted the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (<i>n</i> &lt; 0.5), indicating a Fickian diffusion mechanism. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the incorporation of propolis increased the surface roughness of the NR membrane. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the addition of propolis did not compromise the thermal stability of NR (~ 360 °C). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that PDE and EEP did not affect the glass transition temperature (Tg = -65 °C) of NR, whereas AEP induced a shift to approximately − 3 °C, reducing the polymer’s flexibility. Contact angle measurements indicated that all membranes remained hydrophilic (angles &lt; 90°). Swelling assays further indicated that the presence of propolis significantly influenced the fluid absorption capacity of the membranes. The results indicate that propolis type and concentration influence NR’s physicochemical properties and release behavior, offering insights for developing bioactive and regenerative biomaterials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00289-026-06366-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy harvesting of MWCNT-silicone rubber composites by incorporating a small quantity of conductive silver nanoparticles","authors":"Vishnu Shankar Dhandapani,&nbsp;Vineet Kumar,&nbsp;Donghyeon Lee,&nbsp;Subramaniyan Ramasundaram,&nbsp;Tae Hwan Oh,&nbsp;Sang-Shin Park","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06365-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06365-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the mechanical and pseudo-piezoelectric properties of silicone rubber (SR) incorporated with non-piezoelectric multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silver (Ag) fillers are systematically investigated. The total concentration of fillers (MWCNT and Ag combined) was carefully limited to 2 parts per hundred rubbers (phr). The composite containing 2 phr MWCNT exhibited a compressive modulus of approximately 2.51 MPa, whereas the Hybrid-A sample showed the highest tensile modulus of 0.72 MPa among all samples. In the electromechanical performance evaluation, the composite with 2 phr Ag generated the highest output voltage of about 10 mV, followed by Hybrid-A, Hybrid-B, and 2 phr MWCNT composites, which produced approximately 6 mV, 4 mV, and 3.5 mV, respectively. Durability tests confirmed that the output voltage generated under cyclic loading remained stable throughout the entire testing period. A tuning test performed on Hybrid-A showed output voltage of about 12 mV, which is twice to that of normal test. During real-time monitoring tests, Hybrid-A exhibited better output voltage compared to the other samples. The output voltage of approximately 5.96 mV was obtained for Hybrid-A by COMSOL Multiphysics electromechanical simulations, which is very close to the experimental results. The enhanced electromechanical performance of Hybrid-A clearly indicates that it has strong potential for practical applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-factor optimization of epoxy based Kevlar-coir hybrid composites with alumina using deep graph learning","authors":"Vangapandu Chandrakala,&nbsp;Sridevi Gudepu,&nbsp;Reddipalli Aditya,&nbsp;Ratnala Prasad,&nbsp;P. Sri Gowri Padmaja","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06357-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06357-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Modern industries, including aerospace, automotive, marine, construction, and defense increasingly need materials with a high strength-to-weight ratio, stiffness and dimensional stability. Recent interest has focused on replacing sustainable materials with substitutes for highly polluting composite components. Previous research faces challenges in developing sustainable composite materials that simultaneously meet the high demands for mechanical strength, wear resistance, thermal stability, and impact resistance. This research introduces a novel hybrid composite reinforced with coir and Kevlar fibers, enhanced with alumina (Al₂O₃) filler, and optimized using a deep learning model Modulated Deformable Convolution-based Graph Convolutional Network (MDCGCN) for precise mechanical performance prediction. The innovative approach integrates sustainable materials with advanced computational modeling to achieve superior strength, wear resistance, and thermal stability, eco-friendly and high-performance composites in engineering applications. Coir fiber enhances sustainability and cost-effectiveness, while Kevlar provides high strength, resulting in a balanced, eco-friendly hybrid composite incorporated with epoxy, a bonding and chemical resistance agent. To improve the composite’s mechanical and thermal properties, alumina ceramic fillers (up to 10 wt%) are incorporated into the epoxy matrix because of their high stiffness and hardness. The effects of fiber orientation (0°, 45°, 90°), fiber volume fraction (10–40%), and alumina content (0–10 wt%) are analyzed using response surface methodology and analysis of variance. In accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard, the tensile strength, flexural strength, compressive strength, impact resistance, and surface hardness properties are evaluated. Outcomes demonstrated outstanding performance with the optimal combination of 40% fiber volume fraction, 10% alumina filler content, at 90⁰ orientations, achieving a higher tensile strength of 127 MPa, flexural strength of 148.4 MPa, impact resistance of 34.3 kJ/m², and surface hardness of 83.8 N/mm² in comparison to existing natural fiber composites.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions via novel Cu/Fe layered double hydroxide/polyurethane composites: comprehensive characterization, mechanistic insights: modeling and green chemistry evaluation","authors":"Rehab Mahmoud,&nbsp;Abdullah S. Alawam,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Allam,&nbsp;Asmaa Elrafey,&nbsp;Abdelatty M. Radalla,&nbsp;Doaa abd El Tawab,&nbsp;Alfat Olfat Saied,&nbsp;Samar M. Mahgoub","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06334-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06334-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The extensive utilization of tetracycline (TTC) antibiotics has resulted in substantial environmental pollution, highlighting the urgent need for effective remediation strategies. This investigation introduces a novel composite material comprising copper/iron layered double hydroxide integrated with polyurethane (Cu/Fe-LDH/PU) for efficient adsorption of tetracycline from aqueous environments. The composite was fabricated through a coprecipitation approach and thoroughly characterized via XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET, XPS, and TGA techniques. BET analysis revealed that the incorporation of PU markedly enhanced the textural properties of Cu/Fe-LDH, increasing the surface area from 81.17 to 197.0 m²/g, with a high total pore volume of 0.2218 cm³/g and mesopores with an average diameter of 4.51 nm. Optimization experiments demonstrated maximum removal efficiencies of 29.15%, 61.15%, and 70% for pristine PU, Cu/Fe-LDH, and the Cu/Fe-LDH/PU composite, respectively, under ideal conditions (pH 5, adsorbent dosage of 0.09 g/L, and contact time of 180 min at 25 °C). The composite exhibited exceptional performance, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 332.92 mg/g, as accurately described by the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-second-order behavior, while thermodynamic assessments revealed a spontaneous and exothermic adsorption process. The material maintained excellent regeneration capability through five consecutive cycles using methanol as an eluent and was highly effective in treating real wastewater samples, demonstrating strong resilience against common coexisting ions such as chloride, sulfate, and phosphate. Green chemistry metrics (AGREE score: 0.75, AES score: 79, AMVI: 64 mL) confirmed the environmental sustainability of the approach. Economic assessment revealed a competitive production cost of 0.47 USD/g, establishing this composite as a promising candidate for large-scale water purification applications.</p>\u0000 <span>AbstractSection</span>\u0000 Graphical abstract\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronized hardening and enriching of sustainable epoxy-silicate composite","authors":"Hamdy M. Naguib,&nbsp;Bao Lu,&nbsp;Guihua Hou","doi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06329-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-026-06329-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this research, epoxy polymer (E) was incorporated into low-carbon silicate cement material (S) with different concentrations for preparing novel epoxy-silicate composites. A modification process was performed by triethanolamine (TEA) to promote the hardening reaction. Furthermore, the influence of different concentrations of E polymer on the composites was studied. The treatment of silicate by amine was found to increase the flowability length, in contrast to the E-S-TEA composites that resist flow. Similarly, the S-TEA recorded higher total porosity compared with epoxy-based composites because of the filling of pores by cured polymer. The proposed composites stored gas with more carbon fixation compared with neat cured silicate. The polymer molecules reduced the drying shrinkage and mass loss by means of a filling effect that stabilized the physical characteristics; the 9% E-S-TEA composite has the least percentage. The results of drying shrinkage and mass loss show that both are proportional to each other; the high drying shrinkage specimen has high mass loss, and vice versa. Mechanically, the 5% E-S-TEA composite increased the flexural and compressive strength by 30 and 30.7%, respectively; the presence of epoxy polymer promoted the hardness and impact as well. Contrary to the higher concentration, the enhanced 5% E-S-TEA composite is characterized by a denser and more stable interface by creating polymeric bridges among silicates, as confirmed by the scanning electron microscope. The proposed epoxy-silicate composite is cured by means of a synchronized mechanism based on ring-opening and carbonation in the presence of triethanolamine, which promotes the formation of carbonate. The characterization sentence underscores the potential of amine in the epoxy-silicate composite in applications, offering a reliable means to assess the dual curing process, showing the anticipated characteristics upon mineralization.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"83 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00289-026-06329-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}