Polymer Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Review of antibacterial aerogels: present and future aspects","authors":"Naveen Chandrasekaran,&nbsp;Devishree Saju,&nbsp;Seethalakshmi Selvaraj,&nbsp;Vidyashri Kesavan","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05958-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05958-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aerogels, known for their exceptionally high surface area (&gt; 800 m²/g), low density (~ 0.003 g/cm³), and high porosity (&gt; 90%), have emerged as versatile materials for diverse technological applications. Silica aerogels have been widely altered through surface modification for use in thermal and acoustic insulation, catalysis, and more. Polymeric aerogels, in particular, offer unique advantages due to their ease of functionalization and potential conversion to carbon, making them suitable for electrode materials in energy-related applications. This review summarizes recent global research on the development of antibacterial aerogels such as silica, polymeric, and carbon-based, which are used either as standalone agents or as supports for antibacterial compounds. Compared to conventional antibacterial materials such as hydrogels or surface coatings, aerogel-based systems provide improved antibacterial performance through high loading capacity, sustained release, and customizable surface chemistry. Furthermore, the emergence of polymer-based aerogels with inherent antibacterial properties requiring no additional agents (inorganic or organic) represents a promising direction for lightweight, efficient, and multifunctional antibacterial platforms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 16","pages":"10987 - 11018"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable fabrication of porous PDMS materials using hydrogel particles: Controlled pore structure and mechanical reinforcement","authors":"Ryoh Katoh,&nbsp;Junji Watanabe","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05950-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05950-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the limitations of conventional methods for fabricating porous materials, which suffer from (1) poorly controlled pore size and pores arrangement, (2) complex processing, (3) lack of eco-friendly materials and (4) limited mechanical properties, we propose an approach for creating porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structure with spherical cavities by using hydrogel based on natural polymers and enhancing its mechanical properties. In this method, macro-gel particles formed from sodium alginate and calcium chloride are incorporated into a PDMS solution as water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, serving as pore templates. The porous structure can be tuned by adjusting parameters such as the concentration of sodium alginate aqueous solution, choice of diluting solvents for PDMS, surfactant type, and the emulsion method. We also observed that the porous PDMS structure via gels might have hydrophilic pores. This technique enables (1) precise structural control, (2) a streamlined, single-step fabrication process that combines the creation of the porous PDMS structure with functionalization (e.g., surface modification and permeability), and (3) a mild synthesis utilizing natural polymers, PDMS and eco-friendly surfactants to minimize environmental impact. Additionally, we explore (4) the reinforcement of mechanical properties of porous materials through the incorporation of silica particles.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 16","pages":"10967 - 10986"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, physical properties, and photo-electrochemical characterization of a novel n-type PANI/PATSA semiconductor","authors":"F. Saib,&nbsp;A. Abdi,&nbsp;L. A. Haouchine,&nbsp;F. Touahra,&nbsp;F. M. Laoui,&nbsp;S. Zemmache,&nbsp;D. Lerari,&nbsp;K. Bachari,&nbsp;M. Trari","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05951-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05951-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel semiconducting material based on polyaniline doped with polyanetholesulfonic acid (PANI/PATSA) was successfully synthesized by oxidative chemical polymerization. The morphological and structural characteristics were studied by SEM analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The UV–Vis spectrophotometry and electrochemistry in electrolyte (0.1 M Na₂SO₄, pH 7) elucidated the optical and photo-electrochemical properties to establish a potential diagram, a preamble for the solar energy conversion. The obtained black powder PANI/PATSA is thermally stable up to 200 °C. The XRD analysis reveals a semi-crystalline structure with an average crystallite size of ∼ 8 nm. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy gives a direct optical transition at 0.90 eV, while the electrical conductivity (σ) measured up to 450 K follows an exponential law with an activation energy of 0.34 eV, characteristic of a polymer semiconductor. The Mott–Schottky plot indicates <i>n</i>-type conduction with a flat band potential (<i>E</i>_fb) of − 0.04 V_SCE and an electron density (<i>N</i>_D) of 3.05 × 10²⁵ m⁻³. The interfacial impedance with bulk and grain boundaries contributions was demonstrated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 16","pages":"10947 - 10965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-microbial rayon fibres through radiation-induced grafting of 4-vinyl pyridine and acrylonitrile: a potential material for wound dressing","authors":"Preety Kumari Kashyap,&nbsp;Aditi Sangal,&nbsp;Safiya Nisar,&nbsp;Bharath Govind,&nbsp;Sunita Rattan,&nbsp;Mizaj Shabil Sha,&nbsp;Jothi Ramalingam Rajabathar,&nbsp;Selvaraj Arokiyaraj,&nbsp;Deepak Mahadev Kasote,&nbsp;Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05904-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05904-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rayon is a cellulose-based synthetic fibre produced from regenerated wood. Modern fabric manufacturing techniques endow rayon with unique properties that help to imitate the properties of cotton, silk, and other natural fibres, making rayon a versatile fabric that may provide the same level of comfort at a lower cost. It has also been used in wound management as surgical dressings. The usage of rayon suffers from major drawbacks due to its poor strength and least resistance to weathering conditions, limiting its application in high-performance conditions. Therefore, graft copolymerization can make various alterations to satisfy the need to treat wounds. In the current study, acrylonitrile (AN), 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP), and their binary combination were copolymerized onto rayon fibres utilizing the mutual irradiation method using gamma radiation as the initiator. The grafting yield was optimized for varying parameters, including the concentration of vinyl monomers, total dose, and the amount of water. FTIR spectroscopy supported the grafting’s existence. The grafted fibres’ moisture retention was assessed at the proper relative humidity. The antibacterial activity of the grafted rayon fibres was assessed against Gram-negative <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Gram-positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> using the Agar disc diffusion method. The grafted fibres exhibited better antibacterial properties than the ungrafted rayon. Thus, rayon fibres can be a potential candidate for better wound healing due to their enhanced moisture retention, abrasion resistance, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 16","pages":"10925 - 10946"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid molecular imprinted polymer–graphene oxide modified with para-aminophenol for the effective sensing of cyanamide","authors":"Sheeba Alexander,&nbsp;Pushpangadhan Varsha,&nbsp;Thayyath Sreenivasan Anirudhan","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05928-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05928-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work aims at the preparation of a novel cost-effective sensor material for the detection of cyanamide. The best part of the present work is that it is the first time to introduce a technique for cyanamide sensing. No other literature works are yet reported for the electrochemical sensing of cyanamide molecule; it is confirmed from the literature reports. It consists of preparation of graphene oxide (GO) from graphite powder by using modified Hummer’s method. Functionalized GO-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is used for the detection of cyanamide. First GO functionalization is done with para-aminophenol (PAP) by solvent sonication giving GO-PAP; then, it undergoes surface modification with allyl bromide in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to form vinylated GO (GO–O–CH₂–CH=CH₂). The modified GO undergoes polymerization with methacrylic acid (MAA) as the monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator and cyanamide as the template molecule. The cyanamide is completely removed by using N, N dimethylformamide (DMF), and a non-imprinted polymer (NIP) is also prepared along with MIP. Different materials obtained in each stage of preparation were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The prepared GO-MIP is used as an active material for cyanamide sensing where the sensor exhibits a lower limit detection of 0.1 nM with maximum sensing performance at pH 8.0 and a long-term stability for more than six months. The interference of cyanamide with thiourea (TU), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (DPA) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (TPA) was also studied. The GO-MIP shows a negligible DPA, TPA, modest TU interferences and better performance in cyanamide sensing, proposing the real-time usability of the sensor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 16","pages":"10903 - 10923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of styrene acrylic emulsions: synthesis, properties, and applications","authors":"Shriman R. Patil,&nbsp;Nirvi C. Parekh,&nbsp;Aarti P. More","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05959-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05959-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review provides a comprehensive overview of styrene acrylic emulsions, emphasizing their synthesis, properties, and diverse applications. Styrene acrylic emulsions are synthesized through the copolymerization of styrene and acrylic monomers, producing a versatile polymer matrix that combines the advantageous properties of both constituents. The review addresses, helps summarize and categorizes existing research on styrene acrylic emulsions, including these emulsions’ mechanical and thermal properties and their practical applications in various industries. Notable studies highlighted the improved performance of styrene acrylic emulsions in coatings, adhesives, and various other applications compared to traditional emulsions, primarily due to their adhesion, water resistance, and heat stability. The review explores recent innovations in polymerization techniques by highlighting the importance of controlled polymerization processes to achieve desired material properties. It also addresses existing challenges in the field. Furthermore, it emphasizes the potential of styrene acrylic emulsions in advanced coatings, responsive materials, and sustainable applications. These advancements pave the way for enhanced industrial adoption and development. The review concludes with the implications of these findings for industrial applications, suggesting that styrene acrylic emulsions offer a diverse and high-performance alternative to other polymer systems.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 16","pages":"10553 - 10586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of citric acid crosslinking on the physicochemical and permeation properties of chitosan membranes for diclofenac separation","authors":"Celeste Solís Martínez,&nbsp;José Alberto Galicia-Aguilar,&nbsp;Eva Águila Almanza,&nbsp;Maribel López-Badillo,&nbsp;Ventura Rodríguez Lugo","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05946-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05946-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have carried out the formation of chitosan membranes as flat films by solvent evaporation method to determine the aqueous diclofenac (DCF) permeation. Chitosan was extracted from shrimp skeletons, with molecular weight of 560 kDa determined by viscometry and deacetylation degree of 85% determined by FTIR. Membranes were crosslinked with citric acid at different weight fractions and characterized using techniques such as FTIR, SEM, TGA and DSC. The FTIR demonstrated the link formation because of the crosslinking reaction. The vibration at 1620 cm⁻¹ associated with the primary amines (NH₂) in chitosan loses its intensity in membrane crosslinked samples indicating the crosslink of the polymer. The thermal stability of the membranes increases by crosslinking reaction, as thermal characterizations by TGA reveal. Moreover, the energy absorption quantified by DSC increased as citric acid concentration increases, evidencing the formation of crosslinked points. In this context, the swelling factor <span>(left( {S_{f} } right))</span> in water varies inversely to citric acid weight fraction, and <span>(S_{f})</span> is between 1.41 and 1.17, which can be considered as a low ratio. Membranes were evaluated in the liquid phase permeation of NaCl, used as a probe molecule where permeability decreases as the inlet pressure increases. Then, membranes were evaluated in the aqueous diclofenac permeation, where increasing the DCF concentration, the permeability decreases. Rejection factor evaluated for both NaCl and DCF permeation was higher to 90% demonstrating that membranes can separate diclofenac from water. SEM images exhibit diclofenac crystals retained in the upper side of the membrane. Characterizations carried out in samples after permeation tests show that diclofenac interacts with the membrane by slightly shifting of the characteristic vibrations of functional groups associated with DCF in FTIR, by an endothermic broad absorption from 165 to 180 °C in DSC and degradation temperature of the sample in TGA. Crosslinked membranes can retain diclofenac, so the permeated water has a high purity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 16","pages":"10879 - 10902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00289-025-05946-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of n-methylolmethacrylamide content on viscoelastic properties of poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate-co-acrylamide) latexes","authors":"Hilal Macit,&nbsp;Cansu Akarsu Dülgar,&nbsp;Ecem Temelkaya Bilgin,&nbsp;İbrahim Ersin Serhatlı","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05905-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05905-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigates effect of internal cross-linker, <i> n</i>-MMAc (<i> n</i>-methylolmethacrylamide) and external cross-linker, HMDI (Hexamethylene diisocyanate) at various amounts on 2-EHA (2-ethylhexyl acrylate)-co-AAm (acrylamide)-based latex designed for determination of viscoelastic properties. n-MMAc was incorporated at 0.50, 1.25, 1.75, 2.50, 3.25% s/m ratio into butyl acrylate-based latex via seeded semi-batch emulsion polymerization procedure. HMDI was added at 0, 1 and 2 wt. % ratio to the latex synthesized in the presence of various n-MMAc ratios. Films of the copolymers were then partially crosslinked through reaction of the isocyanate functions with an amine or a hydroxy group. The study focuses on the effect of cross-linker content on the rheological properties, adhesion strength, and crosslinking density, which was determined using the solvent swelling method. Results showed that increasing the crosslinking density by varying the amounts of n-MMAc and HMDI reduced the adhesion strength, highlighting the correlation between crosslinking density, rheological behavior, and adhesion. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of how crosslinking density influences the viscoelastic properties of the copolymers, which is essential for understanding their overall material behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 16","pages":"10861 - 10877"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of electrospun polymeric nanofibers incorporated with cerium oxide nanoparticles for enhanced hemostasis and wound healing","authors":"Sathyaraj Weslen Vedakumari,&nbsp;Lokesh Prabakaran,&nbsp;Priya Vadhana Palanisamy,&nbsp;Yovan Raja Pravin,&nbsp;Devanand Venkatasubbu","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05957-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05957-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic wound treatment serves as one of the major challenges faced by the healthcare sector. The utilization of nanomaterials for treating wounds serves as an efficient method for promoting wound healing and preventing microbial infections. In the current work, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CN) were prepared using <i>Plectranthus amboinicus</i> (Lour.) Spreng. leaf extract. The hydrodynamic diameter of CN was determined as 61.5 nm with maximum UV absorption at 314 nm. CN-incorporated polyacrylonitrile (CN-PAN) nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning method. The CN-PAN nanofibers appeared as continuous fibers disrupted with few beads when viewed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). In vitro blood clotting assay results revealed that CN-PAN nanofibers significantly lowered the time required for formation of blood clot when compared with control. Antibacterial activity of CN-PAN nanofibers was studied using spread plate method against <i>Escherichia coli</i>. MTT assay was carried out using HaCaT cells which showed that cell viability was not affected with the maximum concentration (30 µg/ml) of CN-PAN nanofibers used for the experiment. In vitro scratch wound assay demonstrated that CN-PAN nanofibers can improve the migration of cells and result in faster closure of wounds. Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay performed using fertilized chicken eggs showed new blood vessels formation in groups incubated with CN-PAN nanofibers. The enhanced hemostasis, antibacterial, cytocompatible, and wound healing properties of CN-PAN nanofibers make it a superior biomaterial in the field of medicine.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 16","pages":"10841 - 10859"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation of ultraviolet aging effects on the mechanical and physical properties of natural rubber","authors":"Xianjie Wang,&nbsp;Qingtao Ji,&nbsp;Dejie Hu,&nbsp;Xinyu Jiang,&nbsp;Rushuang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05948-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05948-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the effects of various intermediate products formed during ultraviolet radiation (UV) aging of natural rubber on its properties through numerical simulations. The analysis of these products provides valuable insights into the mechanical performance of seismic isolation rubber bearings used in bridges and other infrastructures. Eight molecular dynamics models were developed to represent different aging products of natural rubber based on its aging mechanism. These models were used to simulate and analyze density, radius of gyration, mean square displacement, glass transition temperature, uniaxial tensile properties, and dynamic mechanical behavior. The effects of chain scission, hydroxylation, and ether crosslinking on the microstructure and mechanical performance were systematically investigated. The results revealed that oxidation products formed during UV aging significantly influenced the microstructure, glass transition temperature, and mechanical properties of the systems. Particularly, chain scission reduced the elastic modulus and increased energy dissipation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 16","pages":"10819 - 10839"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}