Polymer Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable chitosan-based biomaterials for the future: a review","authors":"Amritha Radhakrishnan,&nbsp;Unnikrishnan Gopalakrishna Panicker","doi":"10.1007/s00289-024-05561-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-024-05561-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The requirements for biobased materials for various applications have grown over the past decade in view of various performance and environmental aspects. Chitosan is one of the versatile biopolymers that has gained significant attention owing to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. Tunable optical properties, inherent bioactivity and film-forming capability with good adhesion strength demonstrate its significant potential for a wide array of industrial and biomedical applications. To modulate and enhance the physicochemical properties of chitosan, strategies such as blending with other polymers and incorporating nanofillers are widely adopted. This article presents a comprehensive updated review of the fundamental structure, functional modification, characterization, processing and applications of chitosan. Additionally, the latest efforts in enhancing the performance of chitosan and the mechanistic action behind the improvements in properties are discussed. Future directions for innovative and sustainable chitosan-based biomaterials are outlined in this review.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 3","pages":"661 - 709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of oligo(phenoxy-imine)s of Schiff bases containing phenyl-1,3,5-triazine unit: limit oxygen index values of oligomers","authors":"İsmet Kaya,&nbsp;Melike Cicigül,&nbsp;Hatice Karaer Yağmur","doi":"10.1007/s00289-024-05559-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-024-05559-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aromatic compounds containing hydroxyl groups in their structure are converted to oligomer or polymer products from the combination of phenoxy-structured radical units in the presence of oxidants such as O₂, H₂O₂ and NaOCl in alkaline or acidic aqueous media. These macromolecule compounds are used in many fields in industry because they contain both phenyl units and different functional groups in their structures. Since the phenyl units in the main chain give rigidity to the structure, the thermal stabilities of these types of polymers are quite good. Schiff base compounds were obtained as a result of the condensation reaction of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 5-bromsalicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde compounds with 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine as amine. Oligo(phenoxy-imine)s were synthesized from Schiff bases by oxidative polycondensation in the presence of O₂ oxidant in aqueous alkaline medium. The structural characterizations of Schiff bases and oligo(phenoxy-imine)s were performed by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and UV–Vis analyses. Electrochemical band gap (<span>(E^{prime}_{g})</span>) values of monomers and oligomers were calculated from CV measurements. The <span>(E^{prime}_{g})</span> values of FMD, FMB, FMM, FMF, FMN, OFMD, P-FMB, OFMM, OFMF and OFMN were calculated to be 2.80, 2.63, 2.52, 2.76, 2.12, 2.57, 2.49, 2.44, 2.51 and 2.07 eV, respectively. Limit oxygen index values of OFMD, P-FMB, OFMM, OFMF and OFMN were calculated to be 33.46%, 38.85%, 38.43%, 44.86% and 23.46%, respectively. Also, the molecular weight distributions, glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_<i>g</i>) and surface images of oligomers were determined from GPC, DSC and SEM measurements, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 3","pages":"917 - 941"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of insoluble bacterial cellulose xanthate for copper ion removal","authors":"Bo Ma,&nbsp;Jianguo Zhu,&nbsp;Bianjing Sun,&nbsp;Chuntao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00289-024-05520-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-024-05520-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insoluble three-dimensional bacterial cellulose xanthate (BCX) was successfully prepared by introducing xanthate groups into bacterial cellulose (BC) powder in alkaline solution. Some analytical techniques such as FTIR, SEM, TEM and BET were used to characterize the synthesized adsorbent. The adsorption properties of the resultant BCX samples for Cu²⁺ were studied. SEM and TEM showed that the obtained BCX had three-dimensional network structure with the highly interconnected pores while FTIR spectra confirmed that it had xanthate groups. The adsorption results suggested that the adsorption of Cu²⁺ followed the pseudo-second-order model and fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was up to 72.46 mg/g at room temperature. Notably, BCX presents an excellent stability and its adsorption capacity still retains well after four adsorption–desorption cycles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 3","pages":"905 - 915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of chemical treatments of fibre surface on mechanical properties and wear rate of Beerakaya (Luffa acutangula) reinforced epoxy polymer composites","authors":"Sujin Jose Arul,&nbsp;S. P. Jani,&nbsp;Priyabrata Adhikary,&nbsp;A. Haiter Lenin","doi":"10.1007/s00289-024-05555-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-024-05555-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is fascinating to note that natural fibre composites are gaining popularity as competing materials to meet engineering material requirements. This research focuses on enhancing the mechanical characteristics of Luffa acutangula (Beerakaya) fibre composites by surface alteration of fibres through chemical treatments. Three chemical treatments—NaOH, KOH, and stearic acid—were used to treat the fibres. The mechanical properties of the resulting composites were compared based on single-layer, double-layer, and triple-layer fibre reinforcements. The results show that triple-layer fibre composites exhibit better mechanical properties, with stearic acid treatment yielding the maximum tensile strength of 36.965 MPa, a flexural strength of 81.4 MPa, and a compression strength of 47 MPa. KOH treatment yields slightly lower performance than stearic acid and NaOH treatments. NaOH treatment shows significant improvement in impact strength and hardness of the material, with the maximum impact strength of 2.086 J/cm² and a hardness of 89.55. The research indicates that by utilizing triple fibre layers and applying chemical treatments to the fibre surfaces, Luffa acutangula fibre composites' mechanical characteristics can be enhanced. Additionally, the fractured surface analysis of treated fibre composites was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Overall, this research provides the basis for an environmentally friendly natural fibre composite and could even be a sustainable alternative to existing synthetic materials.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 3","pages":"885 - 904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective removal of malachite green dye by eco-friendly pectin-grafted poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) hydrogel from aqueous solutions","authors":"Wagih Abdel-Alim Sadik,&nbsp;Abdel-Ghaffar Maghraby El-Demerdash,&nbsp;Hossam Ahmed Gabre,&nbsp;Marwa El-Sayed Hamza","doi":"10.1007/s00289-024-05502-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-024-05502-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Grafting of copolymer of sodium acrylate (SA) and acrylamide (Am) onto pectin (Pcn) was successfully performed in order to synthesis Pcn-g-P(Am-<i>co</i>-SA) hydrogel using combined microwave-assisted method and potassium persulfate (KPS) as a free radical initiator. The prepared hydrogel was characterized by FTIR, SEM and TGA. This hydrogel was used to remove malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous solutions. The swelling ratio of the best grade of hydrogel was 214 g/g at pH (7). Factors affecting MG dye adsorption on hydrogel (grafting percentages, pH, contact time, hydrogel dosage, dye initial concentration and temperature) were studied, and the reusability study was also investigated which, in turn, showed the high adsorption capacity of hydrogel for MG dye. The adsorption data were fitted well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm model proposing the formation of monolayer of MG dye molecules on the hydrogel’s surface with maximum adsorption capacity (5000 mg/g). Moreover, the thermodynamic studies indicated the spontaneity and exothermic nature of adsorption of MG dye on hydrogel. From the reusability study, it was found that the prepared hydrogel still retains good adsorption properties after eleven successive cycles. Therefore, Pcn-g-P(Am-<i>co</i>-SA) hydrogel was considered as a highly potential adsorbent for MG dye removal from aqueous solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 1","pages":"281 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00289-024-05502-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional intelligent packaging films incorporated with elderberry anthocyanin for monitoring milk freshness","authors":"Seda Özgen,&nbsp;Zehra Özbaş","doi":"10.1007/s00289-024-05553-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-024-05553-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, pH-sensitive polyphenolic elderberry fruit extract (ELPE) incorporated pullulan (PUL) and gellan gum (GG) based films were prepared. The intermolecular interactions between ELPE and polymer matrix were verified by infrared spectroscopy. The enhanced thermal stability following the introduction of ELPE was caused by the phenolic compounds present in ELPE. The incorporation of ELPE raised the thickness, water vapor permeability, and tensile strength of the films, while it decreased the moisture content, UV–Vis light transmission, and elongation at break values of the films. The film's total antioxidant capacity, the total phenolic contents, and the total monomeric anthocyanin contents were increased with increasing ELPE content. The high anthocyanin concentration in ELPE caused pH sensitivity of the films, changing from red to blue/green as the pH value was raised from 2 to 13. Also, ELPE-incorporated films showed good antibacterial activity against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i>. Lastly, ELPE-incorporated films were used to monitor the freshness of milk, and as the milk spoiled after being stored at 40 °C for 8 h, the films changed color. The application of PUL-GG-ELPE films was suggested to be used as novel active and intelligent multifunctional food packaging materials by our findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 3","pages":"837 - 859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving of impact copolymer PP (ICP) blends properties via compounding","authors":"Khalid E. AlEidan,&nbsp;El-Refaie Kenawy,&nbsp;Hamada S. A. Mandour,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Azaam,&nbsp;Bander S. AlOtaibi","doi":"10.1007/s00289-024-05454-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-024-05454-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polypropylene is one of the well-known and multi-use thermoplastic materials because of its distinctive mechanical properties. On the other hand, it has deficiencies in the impact property at low temperatures. Several methods have been proposed and introduced to improve and overcome such deficiencies; one of them is the combination of isotactic homopolymer polypropylene and ethylene-propylene random copolymer (EPR) with a high ethylene content, which is usually created by consecutive polymerization in at least two reactors, to form a polymer called impact copolymer polypropylene (ICP). The distinctive properties of this type of ICP polymer made it an important material in various fields. The standard polypropylene impact copolymer, or “ICP,” is created as described above with a high ethylene content. However, the markets for these applications are calling for better levels of performance than those offered by PP homopolymer “HPP”. Notwithstanding the benefits of ICPs over HPP, there may be even more particular requirements for ICP features such impact/stiffness balance (I/S) and others, depending on the ultimate application. The maximum EPR level and highest isotacticity from the homopolymer continuous phase to manage the I/S balance, however, are both constrained by existing technology. The majority of earlier studies attempted to improve the ICP by melt blending it with materials that had the desired qualities, ideally materials from the same family, such as polyolefin or other families. In this study, ICP and PP homopolymer have been blended in a variety of ways and using the same weight percentages (Wt%). Different HPP grades with different melt flow, i.e., molecular weights, were utilized as a discontinuous phase in the final blend at a level of about 0.25%. Different ICP grades with varying ethylene-rubber phase and molecular weight were used as the continuous phase. The final blends were compounded, pelletized, and injection molded to manufacture finished components and/or samples for laboratory testing and analysis. Surprisingly, it has been discovered that discontinuous phases with varying molecular weights from the same family can operate as impact boosters or “plasticizer” at levels below 0.5% weight to enhance the impact resistance. Additional details on the improved sample, with different percentage of blends such as 0.5% and 1%, have been performed to investigate whether a further change in mixture composition could further improve the impact strength properties; the obtained values confirm that the improvement occurs when the level of the particular minor phase, i.e., HPP, is below 5 wt.%. The acquired findings were assessed and concluded that, for a given formulation, they revealed a well-dispersed rubber composition and consistent particle size distribution, which clearly improved the impact resistance by around 33% above the value of the virgin ICP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 3","pages":"861 - 884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion of organic solvents in thermoplastic elastomers: infinite dilution experiments","authors":"Ayşegül Aşkın,&nbsp;Sevilay Altınbaş,&nbsp;Marco Giacinti Baschetti","doi":"10.1007/s00289-024-05545-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-024-05545-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diffusion parameters, activity coefficients, and Flory–Huggins interaction parameters of n-hexane, cyclohexane, and benzene in several styrene-diene block copolymers (styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene (SEBS), and styrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS)) were obtained using the inverse gas chromatography (IGC) method with a packed column in the infinite dilution region and the range of 40–70 °C. Diffusion coefficients based on the change in chromatographic peak width with carrier gas flow rate were calculated using the Van Deemter equation. The strong linear relationship indicated that using the Van Deemter equation was appropriate. The temperature increase caused the infinite dilution diffusion coefficient to increase, while the infinite dilution activity coefficient decreased; this proved the different behavior of the kinetics and thermodynamic parameters as a function of temperature. All solutes' infinite dilution diffusion coefficients decreased going from SBS to SEBS with the following order: SBS &gt; SIS &gt; SEBS. Activation energies were calculated from the Arrhenius equation, which provides the temperature dependence of diffusion coefficients.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><img></picture></div></div></figure></div><p> Chromatograms for SBS-Cyclohexane system at different carrier gas flow rate (Tc = 60 °C).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 3","pages":"817 - 835"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rubber-based piezoresistive sensing: a new approach based on hydrodynamic flow of material deformation describing nonlinear signals in stretchable sensors","authors":"Evghenii Harea,&nbsp;Sanjoy Datta,&nbsp;Jaroslav Maloch,&nbsp;Martin Stěnička,&nbsp;Radek Stoček","doi":"10.1007/s00289-024-05546-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-024-05546-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The nonlinearity of piezoresistive response is critical in developing strain sensors, various self-monitoring applications and wearable electronics based on filled rubbers. This parameter could change dramatically when scaling up from small-size prototypes to full-scale production. The present work focuses on the nonlinear signals in stretchable rubber-based sensors, their origin and dependence on size of samples. Thus, a set of rectangular, piezoresistive samples differing in width was prepared from natural rubber reinforced with carbon black filler. Their electric resistance was tested under planar strain/recovery conditions at 25 and 50% strain amplitudes. It was found that piezoresistance and the related nonlinear phenomena significantly depended on the size of the samples. For the first time, hydrodynamic flow of deformed material was used to explain the nonlinearities of the piezoresistive signal. The trajectory, velocity, and magnitude of this flow were accounted for by a newly developed empirical equation describing the evolution of local resistivity under the strain/recovery process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 3","pages":"799 - 815"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00289-024-05546-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical properties, antimicrobial activity, and molecular docking studies of grafting carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels using 4-(2-chloroethyl) morpholine hydrochloride","authors":"Abdullah A. Alamri,&nbsp;Hossam M. Sayed,&nbsp;Khatib S. Ismail,&nbsp;Mohamed R. El-Aassar,&nbsp;Diaa A. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Waleed M. Alamier,&nbsp;Nasser J. Amri,&nbsp;Abdel-Rahman Farghaly","doi":"10.1007/s00289-024-05552-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-024-05552-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogels grafted with 4-(2-chloroethyl) morpholine hydrochloride (CEMHD), focusing on their physical properties, antimicrobial activity, and molecular docking studies. The hydrogels were developed using citric acid as a crosslinking agent, and their properties were evaluated at varying concentrations of CEMHD (1%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). The results revealed that increasing the concentration of CEMHD significantly improved the thermal stability and surface morphology of the hydrogels, as shown by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity was enhanced with higher CEMHD concentrations. This research provides a novel approach to the development of functional hydrogels, advancing the scope of biocompatible and antimicrobial materials for medical and industrial use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 3","pages":"777 - 797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}