Polymer Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Experimental investigation of polymer composites reinforced with nanocellulose fibers isolated from Eichhornia crassipes stems and Citrus grandis fruit peel biochar","authors":"A. P. Kalidas,&nbsp;M. Kathirselvam","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05665-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05665-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biocomposite material is recently gaining more prominent attention among research scientist due to their immense contribution on strength, economically viable and environment friendly. This study focuses on developing sustainable composite materials using vinyl ester resin reinforced with alkali-oxalic acid-treated nanocellulose fibers and biochar particles. Nanocellulose fibers were isolated from Eichhornia crassipes stems, and biochar was derived from <i>Citrus grandis</i> fruit peels, both underutilized and renewable resources. The alkali-oxalic acid treatment enhanced interfacial bonding between the fibers and the matrix, improving the mechanical properties of the composites, which makes the novelty to this study. Nanocellulose fibers offer high mechanical strength and effective load transfer, while biochar contributes to thermal stability and wear resistance, making this combination suitable for eco-friendly, high-performance composites. These materials are viable substitutes for synthetic counterparts in industries such as aerospace, automotive, marine and infrastructure. Among the composites, specimen VNB2 (40 vol.% nanocellulose fibers and 3 vol.% biochar) showed superior mechanical performance with a tensile strength of 135 MPa, flexural strength of 180 MPa and impact strength of 4.8 J due to enhanced stress transfer and matrix reinforcement. Specimen VNB3 (40 vol.% nanocellulose fibers and 5 vol.% biochar) exhibited the best wear resistance with a specific wear rate of 0.009 mm³/Nm, the lowest coefficient of friction of 0.26 and the highest thermal stability with a TG% of 94 and a decomposition temperature of 385 °C. SEM analysis confirmed improved fiber–matrix bonding in VNB2 and VNB3, with minor agglomeration observed at higher biochar contents. These findings highlight the composites’ potential as sustainable, high-performance materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 8","pages":"3353 - 3373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal properties, mechanical performance, and environmental degradation behavior of polylactic acid and polyvinyl alcohol blends","authors":"Xuefen Meng,&nbsp;Jianhui Qiu,&nbsp;Bin Zhang,&nbsp;Eiichi Sakai,&nbsp;Liang Zhang,&nbsp;Huixia Feng,&nbsp;Jianhua Tang","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05676-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05676-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing significance of biodegradable plastics for environmental protection underscores the need to enhance their performance of degradation in natural environments. This study prepared PLA/PVA blends with varying ratios to assess the impact of PVA on their thermal properties, mechanical properties, and degradation behavior. Results indicated that as the PVA content increased from 0 to 100%, both tensile and flexural strengths initially decreased before increasing. Furthermore, the decomposition temperature of the blends decreased by 18–35 °C as the PVA content increased. Specifically, pure PLA exhibited a thermal degradation temperature of 332 °C; while, the blend with 80% PVA showed a reduced temperature of 296 °C. Hydrolysis tests showed that weight loss increased significantly with higher PVA content, with the 20PLA/80PVA blend losing 78.9% of its weight after 30 days, compared to only 0.13% for pure PLA. The mechanical properties of the 20PLA/80PVA blend decreased by 98.31% in tensile strength and 79.19% in hardness after 30 days of hydrolysis, demonstrating accelerated degradation. Soil degradation tests further revealed that the 20PLA/80PVA blend lost over 85% of its weight within 20 days; while, pure PLA lost less than 1%. These results suggest that altering the PLA/PVA ratio can substantially enhance degradation rates, offering valuable insights for the development of efficient biodegradable plastics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 9","pages":"3417 - 3437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origanum syriacum oil-loaded carboxymethyl chitosan polyelectrolyte nanoparticles: Box–Behnken design optimization of nano-encapsulation, physicochemical, and therapeutic properties","authors":"W. N. El-Sayed,&nbsp;Reda F. M. Elshaarawy","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05650-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05650-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To optimize the loading of therapeutic <i>Origanum syriacum</i> oil (OSO) into carboxymethyl chitosan polyelectrolyte nanoparticles (PENPs), the Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to assess the effects of PENPs/oil/TPP ratios on the encapsulation efficiency (EE), targeting achieving maximum EE. The OSO-loaded PENPs (OSO#PENPs) were prepared by an ionotropic gelation process and physicochemically characterized using spectral (FTIR) and microscopic (SEM) techniques. The optimized nanocomposite exhibited an EE of 82.69%, a Zeta potential of − 23.32 mV, and a particle size of 131 nm. The OSO release curve exhibited a characteristic biphasic pattern started by an initial burst release followed by a sustained and controlled release phase. Interestingly, the bactericidal activity of OSO#PENPs, with minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) values of 10.25 ± 0.2/5.21 ± 0.3 µg/mL against <i>S. aureus</i>, surpasses that of its precursors (OSO and PENPs) and the clinical antibiotic (ampicillin, Am) (MBC/MIC = 64.5 ± 1.5/ 32.25 ± 0.8 µg/mL). MTT results indicated a dose-dependent effect of synthesized OSO#PENPs on MCF-7 cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 11.1 ± 0.71 μg/mL and a total apoptosis level of 39.85%. OSO#PENPs had much higher cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells than its precursors. These outcomes indicated the potential of OSO#PENPs as an effective alternative for both traditional antimicrobial and anticancer therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 8","pages":"3321 - 3351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a pH-sensitive wound dressing: Harnessing purple allamanda extract for real-time healing monitoring and multifunctional therapeutic benefits","authors":"S. Gopika Devi,&nbsp;S. Subasini,&nbsp;M. Karthickraja,&nbsp;Anitha Pius","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05669-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05669-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing a multifunctional wound dressing that serves to protect, facilitate healing, and indicate the progress of wound recovery represents a novel investigative approach. In this study, a ternary blended hydrocolloid consisting of agar (AG), sodium alginate (SA), and gelatin (GN) was employed as a polymer matrix, serving as an encapsulation medium for purple allamanda extract (PAE), a natural pH indicator. The composite material was fabricated using a solvent casting technique. The hydrocolloids were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, UTM, XRD and water contact angle measurements. The hydrocolloids showed a good tensile strength value of about 33.9 MPa and possess antibacterial, antioxidant, and hemocompatibility properties. The hydrocolloid degraded about 79% over 7 days. The AG/SA/GN-PA showed 85% of cell viability against the L929 mouse cell line. Thus, this methodology presents cost-effectiveness, safety and a streamlined manufacturing process. Further studies were conducted to evaluate hydrocolloids as a feasible platform for practical applications in wound monitoring and healing.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 8","pages":"3299 - 3320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as functional additives to modify mechanical, rheological and thermal properties of carboxylated butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber/poly(ε-caprolactone)/blend XNBR/PCL","authors":"Magdalena Lipińska,&nbsp;Mateusz Imiela","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05671-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05671-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carboxylated nitrile rubber/poly(ε-caprolactone) XNBR/PCL blends with various XNBR-to-PCL weight ratios were prepared by melt mixing method. The poly(ε-caprolactone) PCL phase influenced the complex viscosity <i>η</i>* of XNBR/PCL blends, and the processing at 100 °C was facilitated. Poly(ε-caprolactone) PCL acted as a reinforcement, and static and dynamic mechanical properties of XNBR/PCL blend were improved. The increased values of the tensile strength TS and the storage modulus <i>G</i>′ were reported as PCL content increased. Changes of the glass transition <i>T</i>_g of both phases, XNBR and PCL, indicated the strong interfacial adhesion between both components of blend. Carboxylated nitrile rubber/poly(ε-caprolactone) XNBR/PCL blend with 80:20 weight ratio of XNBR to PCL was selected and modified by the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes POSS to enhance mechanical properties. For this purpose, three various functional groups of POSS able to form interactions with carboxylic groups of nitrile rubber XNBR were selected: trisilanolisooctyl-POSS (HO-POSS), aminopropylisobutyl-POSS (Amine-POSSS), glycidyl-POSS (Gly-POSS). For all selected POSS, the plasticizing effect at 100 °C was determined, and the complex viscosity <i>η</i>* decreased. Reinforcing impact of POSS was observed. The increase of storage modulus <i>G</i>′ resulted from interphase polymer/filler interactions. Glycidyl-POSS (Gly-POSS) almost double enhanced tensile strength TS of XNBR/PCL blend, from 1.14 ± 0.05 to 2.26 ± 0.29 MPa. Incorporation of POSS influenced the glass transition temperature <i>T</i>_g of PCL phase. The better thermal stability of the blend modified by glycidyl-POSS up to temperature of 250 °C and lower weight loss were observed. Negative impact of selected POSS on the degree of crystallinity of PCL phase was detected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 8","pages":"3269 - 3297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing polysaccharides for sustainable food packaging","authors":"Ummugulsum Tukenmez Emre,&nbsp;Seda Sirin,&nbsp;Serap Nigdelioglu Dolanbay,&nbsp;Belma Aslim","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05659-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05659-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review provides a comprehensive analysis of food packaging techniques, focusing on the limitations of conventional methods and the promising potential of polysaccharide-based materials as sustainable alternatives. Traditional packaging materials, such as plastics, glass, metal, and paper, pose significant environmental risks due to their non-biodegradable nature. In contrast, polysaccharide-based materials, derived from renewable sources, are biodegradable and offer enhanced food preservation properties. These materials boast several advantages, including biodegradability, renewability, and superior physical attributes such as excellent barrier properties and mechanical strength. The review also delves into transformation techniques aimed at improving the effectiveness of polysaccharide-based materials. These include physical and chemical modifications to optimize their performance. Furthermore, a detailed categorization of polysaccharides is provided based on their origin, encompassing animal-derived polysaccharides (chitin, chitosan), plant-derived polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, pectin, gum arabic, guar gum, tragacanth gum, locust bean gum), marine-derived polysaccharides (alginate, agar, carrageenan), and microbial-derived polysaccharides (pullulan, xanthan gum, dextran, bacterial cellulose). Additionally, we explore case studies highlighting the practical applications and performances of these materials in the food packaging industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 8","pages":"2779 - 2825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00289-025-05659-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in sustainable biopolymer films incorporating vanillin for enhanced food preservation and packaging","authors":"Ghassan H. Matar,&nbsp;Muberra Andac","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05661-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05661-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With advances in food technology and research, the usability and effectiveness of biopolymer blended films are evolving rapidly. Sustainable biopolymer films derived from natural sources such as chitosan, alginate, gelatin, pectin, starch, and protein have attracted great attention due to their biodegradability and environmental benefits. Recent studies have shown that the integration of vanillin into biopolymer films generally offers enhanced mechanical strength, barrier properties, UV protection properties, and bioactive characteristics for efficient protection of food quality and extending shelf life. This review focuses on the newest developments in sustainable biopolymer films integrated with vanillin, with an emphasis on their preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, action mechanisms, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, and potential uses in food preservation and packaging, along with the metrics of publications. Using vanillin in biopolymer films for food packaging is safe and environmentally friendly, and it maintains food quality after it's been harvested, showing a significant advance with exciting prospects for further study. Overall, incorporating vanillin into biopolymer films signifies a promising step forward in creating environmentally friendly and effective solutions for food packaging.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 8","pages":"2751 - 2777"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00289-025-05661-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheological study on PP/HDPE blends compatibilized by EPDM with droplet morphology using Lee and Park model","authors":"Hua-yong Liao,&nbsp;Jian-hua Guo,&nbsp;Chun-lin Liu,&nbsp;Guo-liang Tao","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05652-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05652-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Small-amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) was used to measure the dynamic viscosity and modulus of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) block copolymer/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends at 210, 230, and 250 °C. The scanning electron microscope images show that the two blends with weight ratios of 9.7/2.9/87.4 and 29.1/2.9/68 have a dispersed morphology. Due to the addition of EPDM, the relaxation time of PP/EPDM/HDPE ternary blends is longer than that of PP/HDPE binary blends. The storage modulus data cannot be fitted by the rheological models if we consider the compatibilized ternary blends as binary PP/HDPE blends. This is mainly because the ternary blend, especially the EPDM phase, has higher elasticity than neat PP and HDPE. A simplified morphology is proposed, with EPDM surrounding the droplets serving as the dispersed phase. Lee and Park have examined interactions between dispersions, including flow-induced coalescence and breakup due to interfacial tension. In SAOS, coalescence will not occur, and the droplet’s shape will change periodically. Therefore, shape relaxation cannot be overlooked. The Lee and Park model has only one adjusting parameter, <i>d</i>₁, which represents the degree of total relaxation. The balance between interfacial area Q and its anisotropy <span>({text{q}}_{ij})</span> is influenced by both the external flow and interfacial tension, which have opposite effects. The Lee and Park model with simplified morphology executed a better fitting than without the simplification using the initial values of Q and its anisotropy <span>({text{q}}_{ij})</span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 8","pages":"3251 - 3267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid concentration, low- and high-valent sulfate anion, and solvent effects on polaronic transitions and conductivity of new poly (ortho-methoxyaniline) nanocomposites","authors":"Ali Reza Modarresi-Alam,&nbsp;Ilnaz Shariati,&nbsp;Ferydoon Khamooshi,&nbsp;Samaneh Doraji-Bonjar","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05642-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05642-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this research is the identification of the changes in anion- and solvent-dependent polaronic transitions and the ratio of acid to monomer during the polymerization of new poly(<i>ortho</i>-methoxyaniline) nanosilica-supported sulfuric acid emeraldine salt1/salt2 (POMA-NSSSA-ES1/ES2) nanocomposites. The synthesis is done by doping poly(<i>ortho</i>-methoxyaniline)-emeraldine base (POMA-EB) in the presence of nanosilica-supported sulfuric acid (NSSSA) under solid-state condition. The structure, size, and morphology of all samples were identified using spectroscopy methods. Effect of acid concentration (0.5, 1.5, and 2.0) and low- and high-valent sulfate anion (H₂SO₄/HSO₄⁻ Vs. HSO₄⁻/SO₄²⁻) on polaronic transitions of poly(<i>ortho</i>-methoxyaniline) nanocomposites in different solvents (NMP, MCR, DMSO, and MeOH), and conductivity were studied. Afterwards, changes in polaron mutations under changing conditions were analyzed. Increasing the acid concentration compared to the monomer increases the absorption number (λ_max) in the UV–Vis study along with hypsochromic effect (blueshift) and bathochromic effect (redshift) in low acid concentration for polaronic transition. The anion effect proved that by increasing the negative charge of the anion (SO₄²⁻) due to the limiting potential of the polaron and bipolaron structures, it prevents the creation of delocalized polaron structure with no change in the POMA-NSSSA-ES2 nanocomposite conductivity. Results showed that the average size of nanocomposite particle obtained by this method was a range of 40–50 nm and the morphology of nanocomposites was spherical (nanospheres). POMA-NSSSA nanocomposites were completely in a doped state and the emeraldine salt from of POMA. During this research, for the first time, the polaronic orbital energy level was determined.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 8","pages":"3225 - 3249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Synthesis, characterizations, and evaluation of crosslinked 5-fluorouracil-loaded thiolated chitosan-co-polymethacrylic acid hydrogel for colorectal cancer-targeted drug delivery","authors":"Hira Ijaz,&nbsp;Asif Mahmood,&nbsp;Muhammad Tayyab,&nbsp;Rai Muhammad Sarfraz,&nbsp;Muhammad Rouf Akram,&nbsp;Bilal Haroon,&nbsp;Sadaf Ayub,&nbsp;Mohsan Raza,&nbsp;Farid Menaa,&nbsp;Fawzyah Obeedallah Albaldi,&nbsp;Hyfa Ahmed Alzahrani","doi":"10.1007/s00289-025-05666-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00289-025-05666-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":737,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Bulletin","volume":"82 8","pages":"3415 - 3416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}