Plasmonics最新文献

{"title":"Birefringent Manipulation of Sensitivity of Vortex Plasmon Polariton Waves","authors":"Shehzad Khan,&nbsp;Jiaye Su,&nbsp;Jichuan Xiong","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03479-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03479-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) sensors provide an effective platform for detecting small variations in the refractive index. However, their performance is strongly limited by lack of dynamic tunability and material losses. In this work, the propagation and sensitivity of right- and left-circularly polarized (RCP and LCP) plasmon polariton waves are investigated at the interface of a four-level chiral atomic medium and silver-silica (<i>Ag</i>-<span>(SiO_2))</span> nanocomposite material using a vortex control field. The electric and magnetic cross coupling in the chiral atomic medium produces polarization-dependent refractive indices, which determine the RCP and LCP dispersion relation, group index, group velocity, wavelength, propagation time, penetration depth in atomic medium and <i>Ag</i>-<span>(SiO_2)</span>, and sensitivity of SPPs. The topological charge <span>(ell )</span> of the vortex control field significantly influenced the propagation characteristics and sensitivity of SPPs to improve the sensing performance. The topological charge of a vortex control field defines an <span>(ell )</span>-fold azimuthal symmetry, where the number of maxima and minima increases with <span>(ell =1,2,3,4)</span> in the position range of <span>(-3lambda le x le 3lambda )</span> and <span>(-3lambda le y le 3lambda )</span>. The real and imaginary parts of the SPP wave is vary in the ranges of <span>(4.792 times 10^{7} m^{-1} le Re(k^{(pm )}_{spp}) le 4.839 times 10^{7}m^{-1})</span> and <span>(2.1 times 10^4 m^{-1} le Im(k^{(pm )}_{spp}) le 1.25times 10^5 m^{-1})</span>, respectively. The group index of SPPs varies within the range <span>(160 le n^{spp(pm )}_{g} le 720)</span>, corresponding to a group velocity of <span>(3.8times 10^5,m/s le v^{spp(pm )}_{g} le 1.44 times 10^6,m/s)</span> and a propagation time of <span>(2.0times 10^{-11},s le t^{(pm )}_{spp} le 4.2 times 10^{-10},s)</span>. The maximum value of RCP and LCP sensitivity of SPP are reported to <span>(611.0,deg/RIU le S^{(pm )}_{spp} le 617.4,deg/RIU)</span> at topological charge <span>(ell =4)</span> and further enhances with increasing of <span>(ell )</span>. The finding results of our manuscript is useful for potential applications in high-precision biosensing, tunable plasmonic devices, chemical and biological detection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 11","pages":"4095 - 4110"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149310372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ka-Band Bandpass Filter Using Groove Gap Waveguide and Double-Sided Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton Structure","authors":"Jingxue Yu,&nbsp;Xida Deng,&nbsp;Ye Hua,&nbsp;Hefeng Ni,&nbsp;Sihang Wang,&nbsp;Mengxiang Wang,&nbsp;Ge Dong,&nbsp;Wanrong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03482-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03482-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A <i>Ka</i>-band bandpass filter (BPF) using a hybrid groove gap waveguide and double-sided spoof surface plasmon polariton (GGW-DSSSPP) structure is proposed. The DSSSPP structure consists of two symmetric rows of periodically corrugated metallic blocks arranged on the upper and lower metallic surfaces of the GGW. The GGW and DSSSPP unit cells introduce different dispersion responses, enabling independent adjustment of the passband edges. The GGW groove width and metal nail height mainly tune the lower passband edge, whereas the corrugated metallic block height and period in the DSSSPP structure control the upper passband edge. The fabricated filter exhibits a minimum insertion loss (IL) of 0.52 dB, a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 16.5%, and a BW_3dB/BW_20dB ratio of 0.87 at a center frequency of 32.15 GHz.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 11","pages":"4071 - 4079"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149310367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Cerium Oxide on the Structural, Optical, and Luminescent Properties of Borophosphate Glasses","authors":"Gailan A. Saber,&nbsp;Saman Q. Mawlud","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03480-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03480-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A glass series based on the borophosphate system was prepared with varying additions of CeO₂ (57.5 − x) B₂O₃ + 15P₂O₅ + 20Na₂O + 7.5CaO + xCeO₂ (x = 0.3–0.9 mol%). Density and molar volume show non-linear behavior across all samples, reflecting structural rearrangements induced by rare-earth ions. The incorporation of CeO₂ generally leads to structural modifications. Structural parameters such as internuclear distances and boron concentration also vary, indicating changes in the glass network connectivity. X-ray diffraction confirms the amorphous nature of all samples. FTIR analysis reveals the presence of structural units including BO₃, BO₄, P–O–P linkages, and hydroxyl-related groups. Optical studies indicate that the indirect band gap decreases with increasing CeO₂ content. Urbach energy exhibits irregular variation, suggesting changes in structural disorder. The refractive index and electronic polarizability show composition-dependent trends, with CeO₂ enhancing polarizability. A red shift in the absorption edge is observed with increasing cerium content. Photoluminescence spectra reveal an excitation around 290 nm corresponding to <i>4f–5d</i> transitions of Ce³⁺ ions. Emission characteristics are strongly influenced by both CeO₂ concentration, with observed transition at 373 nm corresponding to <i>5d</i>^<i>1</i> to <i>4f</i>^<i>1</i> with a Stokes shift of approximately 0.95 eV attributed to phonon-assisted relaxation and radiative recombination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 11","pages":"4081 - 4094"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149310371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Refractive Index Sensing Using a Gold–TiO2 Bilayer-Coated Photonic Crystal Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor","authors":"Sanjeev Sharma,&nbsp;Sanjay Sharma,&nbsp;Sri Krishna Singh,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar Tewari,&nbsp;Prakash Ranjan Deen,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Goel","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03483-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03483-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A dual Au-TiO₂ bilayer-coated photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is proposed for high-performance refractive index sensing. The sensor employs a hexagonal PCF structure coated with a gold (Au) plasmonic layer and a titanium dioxide (TiO₂) overlayer to enhance plasmonic coupling and improve sensing performance. The optical characteristics are analyzed using the finite element method (FEM) through COMSOL Multiphysics over the wavelength range of 1350–1950 nm for analyte refractive indices ranging from 1.33 to 1.40. The optimized structure exhibits a maximum local wavelength sensitivity of 30,000 nm/RIU at RI = 1.40, while the 1.330–1.390 interval provides an approximately linear calibration regime. The calculated FOM reaches 882.35 RIU⁻¹ at RI = 1.40. The instrument-limited RI resolution estimate is 3.33 × 10⁻⁶ RIU for a 0.1 nm spectral resolution. The enhanced performance results from the synergistic Au/TiO₂ bilayer, which strengthens surface plasmon excitation. Owing to its compact design, high sensitivity, and excellent detection capability, the proposed SPR-PCF sensor is a promising platform for label-free biochemical and biomedical sensing applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 11","pages":"4121 - 4137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149310370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-Filled Porous Silicon for Plasmonic Light Trapping in Solar Cell Applications: A Comparative Finite Element Study of Ag, Au, and Cu","authors":"Muhammad Naseem Akhtar,&nbsp;Tahir Iqbal,&nbsp;Hamaad Ali,&nbsp;Muhammad Azhar Naeem Gilani,&nbsp;Muhammad Riasat,&nbsp;Roha Jehangir,&nbsp;Guido Mula","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03476-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03476-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells currently dominate with commercial module efficiencies of 22–24% and laboratory records ~ 27% for single junction devices. These values are constrained by optical losses, including insufficient light trapping within the device architecture. In this study we report a finite element analysis (FEA), carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics RF Module (v.5.3a), of a one-dimensional porous silicon array (1D PSiA) with pores filled by silver (Ag), gold (Au), and copper (Cu) in a c-Si substrate, targeting enhanced light trapping through surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Pore width (w) was swept from 50 to 600 nm at a fixed periodicity (Λ) of 700 nm under transverse-magnetic (TM) illumination. Far-field transmission spectra reveal a Fano-resonance dip at 703–720 nm governed by the structural periodicity. Full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and near-field electric-field norm (E-Norm) analysis identify <i>w</i> = 200 nm as the critical coupling width for Ag (E-Norm peak 0.0044 a.u.) and <i>w</i> = 200–250 nm for Au and Cu (0.0045 and 0.0040 a.u.). Coupling efficiencies (η) at <i>w</i> = 200 nm reach 97.2%, 96.4%, and 95.4% for Ag, Au, and Cu, respectively, saturating above 99% for <i>w</i> ≥ 250 nm; relative transmission (T_rel) peaks near 0.029 a.u. at <i>w</i> = 250 nm before declining sharply. A four-way correlation of FWHM, E-Norm, η, and T_rel is consistent with the optimum pore widths correspond to roughly one-third of the structural periodicity, offering a computationally validated geometric design rule for pore-confined plasmonic solar cell fabrication.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 11","pages":"4047 - 4070"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11468-026-03476-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149310535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmonic Tri-Metallic Hybrid Nanostructures on Porous Silicon: a High-Performance SERS Platform for Monitoring Environmental Pollutants","authors":"Amer B. Dheyab,&nbsp;Alwan M. Alwan,&nbsp;Intisar A. Naseef,&nbsp;Aseel I. Mahmood,&nbsp;Allaa A. Jabbar","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03481-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03481-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study reports the fabrication and performance evaluation of advanced multilayer hybrid plasmonic SERS sensors based on tri-material core–shell nanostructures deposited on macroporous silicon (McPSi) substrates. Two distinct nanoparticle architectures AgNPs core/AuNPs shell/AgNPs shell and AuNPs core/AgNPs shell/AuNPs shell—were successfully synthesized and integrated onto the McPSi surface, forming highly efficient SERS-active platforms. Owing to the synergistic plasmonic coupling between the multilayer metallic shells and the high surface area of the porous silicon substrate, both configurations exhibited outstanding sensing performance. The AgNPs core/AuNPs shell/AgNPs shell and AuNPs core/AgNPs shell/AuNPs shell sensors achieved ultralow detection limits of 1 × 10⁻¹² M and 2 × 10⁻¹³ M, respectively. Moreover, remarkably high Raman enhancement factors of 1 × 10⁸ and 5 × 10⁷ were obtained, indicating strong electromagnetic field localization and dense plasmonic hot-spot formation. These results demonstrate the superior signal amplification capability and exceptional sensitivity of the proposed hybrid sensors, highlighting their strong potential for ultra-trace detection of environmental contaminants and advanced biosensing applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 9","pages":"3749 - 3767"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149078872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four-parameter Gas Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for Simultaneous Detection of Methane, Relative Humidity, Hydrogen, and Hydrogen Sulfide","authors":"Weiqiang Wang,&nbsp;Jingwei Lv,&nbsp;Jianxin Wang,&nbsp;Xili Lu,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Zao Yi,&nbsp;Qiang Liu,&nbsp;Paul K. Chu,&nbsp;Chao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03472-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03472-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 4-parameter gas sensor that can simultaneously detect methane (CH₄), relative humidity (<i>RH</i>), hydrogen (H₂), and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is designed and analyzed. It uses a 4D-type coreless optical fiber as the substrate, gold (Au) as the plasmonic medium, and cryptophane-A/ultraviolet-cured fluorosiloxane complex (Crypt-A/UVCFS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Pd-WO_3, and zinc oxide (ZnO) as the sensing materials. Simulation results show that in the ranges of methane concentrations (<i>c</i>(CH₄)) of 0%-2%, <i>RH</i> of 30%-70%, hydrogen concentration (<i>c</i>(H₂)) of 0%-2%, and hydrogen sulfide (<i>c</i>(H₂S)) concentration of 0–80 ppm, the average CH₄ sensitivity, <i>RH</i> sensitivity, H₂ sensitivity, and H₂S sensitivity are − 76 nm/%, -2.2 nm/%RH, -153 nm/%, and 15 nm/ppm, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 8","pages":"3467 - 3478"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149072384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Performance Gold-TiO(_{2}) PCF-SPR Biosensor for Rapid Diagnosis of Multiple Cancerous Cells","authors":"Sreevani Alluru,&nbsp;Siva Prasad Valluri","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03442-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03442-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This manuscript reports a new photonic crystal fiber (PCF) employing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for reliable and early-stage cancer detection. The sensor employs a gold-coated hexagonal architecture with strategically varied air-hole diameters, enabling enhanced light–matter interaction and improved sensing performance. Refractive index (RI) variations corresponding to different analyte media associated with normal and cancerous cell suspensions are analyzed through finite element method (FEM) simulations. The design operates efficiently within an RI interval of 1.36 to 1.399 and across a broadband wavelength window of 0.6-1.3 <span>(mu )</span>m. The proposed biosensor demonstrates strong capability to differentiate analyte samples corresponding to MDA-MB-231, PC12, HeLa, and Jurkat cell lines, representing breast cancer type-I, adrenal gland, cervical, and blood cancer-related conditions, respectively. Simulation results reveal key performance metrics, including a maximum wavelength sensitivity (<span>(S_{w})</span>) of 17571.43 nm/RIU, 12928.57 nm/RIU, 8208.33 nm/RIU, and 8928.57 nm/RIU for MDA-MB-231, PC12, HeLa, and Jurkat cancerous cells, respectively. The amplitude sensitivity (<span>(S_{a})</span>) gives -1646.2 <span>(RIU^{-1})</span>, -1561.08 <span>(RIU^{-1})</span>, -3652.48 <span>(RIU^{-1})</span>, and -1767 <span>(RIU^{-1})</span> for MDA-MB-231, PC12, HeLa and Jurkat cancerous cells. The resolution lies between <span>(5.6911 times 10^{-6})</span> RIU and <span>(1.12 times 10^{-5})</span> RIU. Additionally, the sensor achieves a high figure of merit (FOM) of 153.91 <span>(RIU^{-1})</span> for PC12 cells and a spectral quality ratio (SQR) of 2.736 for HeLa cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 11","pages":"4027 - 4045"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149310469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of a Dual U-Notched SPR-PCF MIR Refractive Index Sensor Using Taguchi Optimization and Machine Learning–Based Prediction","authors":"Prashant Kumar,&nbsp;Rakesh Ranjan","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03469-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03469-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel dual U-notched surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor in the mid-infrared (MIR) regime has been investigated, exhibiting an application for refractive index (RI) prediction through the machine learning (ML) technique. The structural design parameters were selected using an L9 Taguchi orthogonal-array parameter screening analysis, in which two signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) responses, corresponding to peak confinement loss and full width at half maximum (FWHM), were analyzed through their delta values, and the resulting configuration has been verified by confirmation simulation. The sensor achieves maximum and average wavelength sensitivities of 30,000 nm/RIU and 19,010 nm/RIU, respectively, with an amplitude sensitivity of 968.20 RIU^− 1, a resolution of 3.33 × 10^− 6 RIU, and maximum and average figures of merit (FOM) of 1034.06 RIU^− 1 and 569.87 RIU^− 1, respectively, over the assessed RI range. To enable accurate RI prediction without repeated full-wave computation, the ML models have been trained on numerical data generated by finite-element simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics, using the resonance wavelength and peak confinement loss jointly as inputs. Six regression methods, namely linear regression, second- and third-degree polynomial regression, support vector regression (RBF), Gaussian process regression (RBF) and XGBoost, have been evaluated by using the metrics, such as mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), R², and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) under the nested leave-one-out cross-validation, with an independent hold-out set. The GPR performed best, attaining an MAE of 1.16 × 10^− 4 RIU, an RMSE of 1.61 × 10^− 4 RIU, R² = 0.99956, and a MAPE of 0.0087%. The proposed sensor detects analytes with RIs between 1.326 and 1.353 over the MIR wavelength range of 2940–3460 nm and is applicable to biological analysis, chemical detection, and environmental monitoring within that range.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 9","pages":"3661 - 3677"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149078886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Feasibility of the Anisotropic Property of ReS₂ in Long-Range Surface Plasmonic Sensing for Superior Performance","authors":"Virendra Kumar,&nbsp;Sarika Pal,&nbsp;Vivek Singh,&nbsp;Yogendra Kumar Parajapati","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03473-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03473-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This manuscript presents a Kretschmann-configured long-range surface plasmon resonance (LRSPR) sensor that exploits the in-plane optical anisotropy of rhenium disulfide (ReS₂) for biomolecular refractive-index sensing. The 2S2G/Cytop/Ag/LiNbO₃/ReS₂ architecture operates at 633 nm, employs Ag for plasmon excitation, and uses LiNbO₃ as a protective passivation layer. Transfer-matrix calculations and COMSOL field simulations were used to examine the monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer ReS₂ at orientationsparallel (at θ = 0°) and perpendicular (at θ = 90°) to the Re–Re chains. Layer number and orientation substantially govern the resonance characteristics. At θ = 0°, trilayer ReS₂ yields the lowest reflectance (0.03647 a.u.), whereas at θ = 90°, it provides the highest imaging sensitivity (23,034 RIU⁻¹), detection accuracy (100/°), angular figure of merit (1200 RIU^-1), and penetration depth (644.25 nm). The resulting narrow resonance and deeper evanescent field markedly outperform the reference conventional SPR configuration. These findings establish an orientation-controlled ReS₂-assisted LRSPR sensor as a promising sensor for high-resolution, label-free biosensing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 10","pages":"3979 - 3999"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}