Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing最新文献

{"title":"Numerical Study on Kr/Cl2 DBD Excilamp with Forward Reactions of Higher Excited KrCl","authors":"Jiaqi Shi,&nbsp;Xueqing Yan,&nbsp;Wei Hua,&nbsp;Ying Chang,&nbsp;Guang Chang","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10535-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10535-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We establish an excilamp model of the Kr/Cl₂ Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) and prove the rationality of the model by the experiment. It includes forward reactions of higher excited KrCl, such as the harpooning reaction, quenching reaction, and discharge radiation. Based on the forward reaction system, we present an energy level diagram of the reaction path, which serves as a foundation for deeper comprehension of the impact of the activated KrCl and Kr₂Cl chemical processes on the production and intensification of radiation at 222 nm. The microdischarge amplitude appears to be reduced due to the quenching equilibrium effect which is enhanced when the KrCl excited state converts to Kr₂Cl and the discharge current appears to lag due to the figinternal field resistance. The density of excited KrCl particles decreases by 7.6% and power efficiency rises by 1.7% lift with every 20 mbar increment for a higher probability of inelastic collision. A greater proportion of chlorine increases the probability of a reaction with chlorine, inhibiting the creation of radiation particles and enhancing the quenching of radiation reactions. The action balances the numerical concentrations of Kr and Cl and strongly suppresses the excited Kr₂Cl particles. The simulation demonstrates that there are negligible disturbance on power supply efficiency as the proportion of 325 nm radiation in the spectrum decreases from 6 to 1%. The change of discharge gap will cause the change of discharge mode, and higher discharge gap will cause more intense glow discharge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 2","pages":"515 - 534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Non-Thermal Plasma Technology and Its Potential Impact on Food Crop Seed Types in Plasma Agriculture","authors":"Naeem Ahmed,&nbsp;Ling Xin Yong,&nbsp;Jason Hsiao Chun Yang,&nbsp;Kim S. Siow","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10534-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10534-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is explored as a sustainable technology to treat and enhance seed germination and growth of major food crops to address food security issues worldwide. This review would provide an overview on the latest advancement of NTP applications for food crop seeds, considering the different food crop groups, and summarizes the mechanism of how NTP improves germination and growth. Results vary based on seed type, plasma setup, and source, such as direct glow plasma or plasma-activated water (PAW). In direct glow plasma, reactive species induce morphological changes by bombarding seed surfaces with ions and radicals. PAW, on the other hand, promotes seed germination through reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) present in the water. Regardless of treatment sources, RONS ions also play a crucial role in modifying seed morphology, activating antioxidant enzymes, and influencing hormonal pathways to stimulate growth processes while suppressing inhibitory signals. NTP treatment shows promising potential in plasma agriculture, but excessive exposure may adversely affect plant growth. Additionally, NTP induces epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, which regulates stress-related genes, further supporting seed performance. Despite these advancements, critical knowledge gaps remain, including the need for standardized plasma energy evaluations, long-term yield impact, and safety validations for food produced from plasma-treated seeds. Future research must address these aspects to ensure the widespread, sustainable application of NTP technology in agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"421 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Characterization of a Plasma Jet: FTIR, Chemical Surveys and Antibacterial Effect","authors":"Leonardo Zampieri,&nbsp;Lorenzo Ibba,&nbsp;Rita Agus,&nbsp;Ivo Furno,&nbsp;Matteo Zuin,&nbsp;Gianluca De Masi,&nbsp;Luigi Cordaro,&nbsp;Roberto Cavazzana,&nbsp;Emilio Martines","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10532-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10532-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atmospheric pressure low power plasma jets operating in noble gases are a widespread tool in plasma medicine studies. We present experimental results obtained in one such device, which combine physical, chemical and biological measurements to assess the effectiveness in production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and in inactivation of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, a model microorganism. We proved that it exists a threshold effect on the source control parameters, defining a voltage level which has to be exceeded in order to obtain effective bacteria inactivation. This result is discussed in terms of the reactive species produced within the plasma and in treated water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 2","pages":"485 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma and Flow Simulation of the Ion Wind in a Surface Barrier Discharge Used for Gas Conversion Benchmarked by Schlieren Imaging","authors":"S. Mohsenimehr,&nbsp;S. Wilczek,&nbsp;T. Mussenbrock,&nbsp;A. von Keudell","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10533-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10533-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surface dielectric barrier discharges (sDBD) are efficient and scalable plasma sources for plasma-based gas conversion. One prominent feature of an sDBD is the generation of an ion wind, which exerts a force on the neutrals, thus leading to an efficient mixing of plasma and a passing gas stream. This becomes apparent by the creation of upstream and downstream vortices in the vicinity of the plasma. In this study, these vortices are generated by high voltage burst pulses consisting of two half cycles of an almost sinusoidal voltage shape. The vortices are monitored by Schlieren imaging diagnostic to benchmark and connect two simulations of the sDBD: a plasma model simulating a streamer for 25 ns starting from the electrode and propagating along a dielectric surface followed by a decay. The streamer is the source of electrical charges accelerated as ion wind by the applied electric field from the sDBD power supply. A second flow simulation models this ion wind as a time-averaged thrust acting on the passing gas stream. The conversion of the time-resolved forces from the nanosecond plasma simulation into the steady state thrust in the flow simulation indicates that the force from the plasma lasts much longer than the actual streamer propagation phase. This is explained by the fact that the charges in the streamer channel remain present for almost 100 ns, and the voltage from the power supply lasts for a few microseconds being applied to the electrode so that ions in the streamer channel are still accelerated even after a streamer stops to propagate after a few ns. The thrust generated during the streamer phase, including the relaxation phase, agrees well with predictions from flow simulation. Additionally, properly converting the time-resolved forces from the plasma simulation into a time-averaged thrust for the flow simulation yields exactly the synthetic Schlieren images as measured in the experiments.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"85 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-024-10533-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separation of Plasma Species for Investigating the Impact of Hydrogen Plasmas on the Work Function of Caesiated Surfaces","authors":"A. Heiler,&nbsp;R. Friedl,&nbsp;U. Fantz","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10529-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10529-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In negative hydrogen ion sources in situ adsorption of Cs is typically used to generate low work function converter surfaces. The achievement of a temporally stable low work function coating is, however, challenging due to the hydrogen plasma interaction with the surface. Particularly in ion sources for neutral beam injection systems for fusion with pulse durations of minutes to hours temporal instabilities are a major issue and limit the source performance. To clarify the influence of the hydrogen plasma on the converter surface, investigations are performed at an experiment equipped with an absolute work function diagnostic based on the photoelectric effect. Caesiated surfaces are exposed to the full plasma impact by the generation of plasmas in front of the surface as well as to selected plasma species (H atoms, positive ions and VUV/UV photons) from an external plasma source to identify driving mechanisms that lead to surface changes. Depending on the exposure time and initial surface condition, the plasma strongly affects the surface in terms of work function and quantum efficiency (QE). For degraded Cs layers (work function <span>(ge 3)</span> eV) a favorable increase in QE and reduction in work function can be achieved, while for Cs layers with an ultra-low work function of <span>(1.2-1.3)</span> eV the opposite is true. It is found that each plasma species can influence the Cs layers and that VUV photons lead to a work function increase of ultra-low work function layers. For sufficiently high VUV fluences a severe work function increase by 0.5 eV is given, highlighting the relevance of photochemical processes in the plasma-surface interaction and demonstrating that ultra-low work function layers are not stable in a hydrogen plasma environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-024-10529-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient Spark Plasma-Treated L-Cysteine Reduces CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats","authors":"Masume Farhadi,&nbsp;Farshad Sohbatzadeh,&nbsp;Akbar Hajizadeh Moghaddam,&nbsp;Yasaman Firouzjaei","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10527-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10527-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cold plasmas have been considered an effective method in numerous scientific fields. One excellent target for plasma treatment is amino acids. Transient spark plasma discharge (TSP) is very useful in changing the chemical structures of biological systems due to its high electron density. TSP discharges as DC-driven self-pulsing discharges allow ionization and effective chemical processes to be performed easily. This type of plasma discharge consists of numerous streamers with a high electric field that can be transferred into short spark current pulses. In this study, we utilized a pin-to-ring TSP with a fixed voltage and frequency of ~ 5 kV and 220 Hz, respectively. The present study was conducted to estimate the synergetic effect of a TSP device and cysteine (Cys) in stopping hepatotoxicity. The interaction of Ar plasma with Cys solution was investigated by LCMS/MS, revealing that many new biochemical products with different molecular weights were produced under plasma treatment. Glutathione (GSH) level and DPPH scavenging activity were performed. Biochemical markers and histopathological analysis were also evaluated. Results revealed that by increased levels of GSH and anti-oxidant activity, PTC solution can preserve as opposed to injuries caused by CCl₄ injection to a greater extent than untreated Cys even at a low dose of amino acid. The ALP, ALT, and AST activity levels were closer to the normal level when PTC was received than Cys. After receiving PTC, more positive liver and kidney tissue changes were observed in the CCl₄ group. It also had a great impact on oxidative antioxidant parameters. Therefore, PTC as an effective drug has shown a positive effect in inhibiting hepatotoxicity because it contains various biomolecules under the influence of the plasma-produced reactive species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"279 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on Coupling Nonthermal Plasma Generated in Gas–Liquid Water Environments with Microbes","authors":"Bruce R. Locke,&nbsp;Erin Petkus,&nbsp;Cesar Rodriguez","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10530-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10530-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The large natural metabolic diversity of microorganisms has allowed them to survive in very harsh conditions of high temperature, high ionizing radiation, and high concentrations of reactive chemical species. The environment of low temperature plasma generated with liquids is comparable to many natural conditions (high temperature, highly oxidative, presence of various types of radiation) and thus suggests microbes can evolve or be engineered to not only survive but thrive in such extreme conditions. The evidence from the literature and previous work suggests that the in-situ coupling of engineered and evolved strains of bacteria with low temperature plasma generated with liquid water may provide enhanced functionality with respect to organic chemical reactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"463 - 483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Acetylene and Benzene in Controlled Methane-Plasma System","authors":"Rostislav Kapustin,&nbsp;Iosif Grinvald,&nbsp;Alina Agrba,&nbsp;Ilya Vorotyntsev,&nbsp;Vladimir Vorotyntsev,&nbsp;Sergey Suvorov,&nbsp;Alexandra Barysheva,&nbsp;Pavel Grachev,&nbsp;Dmitry Shablykin,&nbsp;Anton Petukhov,&nbsp;Artem Atlaskin,&nbsp;Anton Lukoyanov,&nbsp;Andrey Vorotyntsev","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10528-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10528-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-energy chemistry is a method of accelerating chemical reactions by transferring copious amounts of energy to individual molecules. The synthesis of acetylene and benzene is a valuable chemical process used in many organic products. The article proposes an original scheme of experimental setup and technology for plasma-activated methane conversion into acetylene and benzene. The system enables the creation of two distinct active zones within the reactor: the “hot zone,” where plasma and active elements are generated, and the “relaxation zone,” where the synthesis of organic products occurs. The optimal temperature of the blowing gas, i.e., the gas that propels the plasma reactor walls, has been found to be a crucial factor in heat removal from reaction zones. This temperature has been observed to vary within an interval of 290–310°K, while the reactor gas pressure has been identified as a significant variable within a range of 10–40 mbar. These two factors have been identified as the primary determinants of the yield of products, with acetylene yields reaching approximately 70–80% and maximal benzene yields reaching 40%. Furthermore, the duration of plasma exposure is a critical variable in methane conversion. The optimal acetylene yield of 80% was achieved when the reactor was operated in stationary mode for 15 s. A variation of the input gas flow in flow mode within an interval of 5–15 m³/h resulted in a decrease in the yield of acetylene to 60 percent, while an increase in the benzene yield up to 50 percent was observed. This was accompanied by an overall increase in the total volume of products produced per time unit. A general qualitative model of methane reforming is proposed, combining methane dehydration in the plasma flame with direct synthesis of acetylene from carbon and hydrogen atoms in the relaxation zone. Benzene formation occurs through the trimerization of acetylene molecules under heat dissipation near the reactor walls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"351 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Novel Anode Structure on the Heat Flow Characteristics and Jet Stability of Pure Nitrogen Laminar Torch","authors":"Xiuquan Cao,&nbsp;Yong He,&nbsp;Jin Tao,&nbsp;Haoming Xu,&nbsp;Guangzhong Hu,&nbsp;Chao Li","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10526-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10526-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For improving the jet stability of pure laminar plasma torch to ensure the consistency of the surface treatment, based on previous studies, a novel anode structure, named as internal step anode, has been proposed. Sequences, the effects of axial lengths of the internal step anode on the jet stability and heat flow characteristics have been explored by using a home-made simulation model. Finally, corresponding experiments have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the anode optimization. Research results show that: (1) With increasing the axial lengths of the internal step anode, the temperature and velocity of the anode area increase slightly, on the contrary, the corresponding anode current density decreases slightly, which is conducive to extending the electrode life; (1) the internal step anode is beneficial for improving the jet stability of pure laminar plasma torch. With increasing the axial length of the internal step anode, the jet stability increases to certain level and then decreases smoothly. When the axial length is 5 mm, the plasma torch presents the highest jet stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"403 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different Grain Sizes of ({mathrm{{MgAl}}_2mathrm{{O}}_4}) Doped Alumina and Its Influence on SPD, CDBD, and APTD","authors":"R. Pribyl,&nbsp;J. Lexmaul,&nbsp;M. Pazderka,&nbsp;P. Stastny,&nbsp;J. Kelar","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10523-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10523-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper is focused on studying magnesium spinel-doped alumina tapes and their effect on plasma. Developed tapes were made from a mixture of <span>(15,mathrm {vol.%})</span> of <span>(mathrm {MgAl_2O_4})</span> by the gel tape casting method. Ceramic tapes were sintered at different temperatures from <span>(1450,^circ {textrm{C}})</span> up to <span>(1700,^circ {textrm{C}})</span>. The sintering temperature significantly influenced the material’s grain sizes, but the material’s chemical and phase composition was the same for all sintering temperatures. We measured the surface potential decay and showed that it is not enough to have fast surface potential decay for Atmospheric Pressure Townsend Discharge, but the homogeneity of the surface itself crucially influences the stability of Atmospheric Pressure Townsend Discharge. On the other hand, the ignition voltage of coplanar dielectric discharge was not influenced by the gran size difference.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"69 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}