Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Mixed Cathode Emissivity on Generated Plasma Flow in Vacuum Arc with Heated Cathode","authors":"Ravil Usmanov,&nbsp;Anton Melnikov,&nbsp;Vladimir Polistchook,&nbsp;Andrey Gavrikov,&nbsp;Nikolay Antonov,&nbsp;Valentin Smirnov","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10522-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10522-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vacuum arc is one of the most widespread sources of multicomponent ion/plasma flows. In the paper, we examine how the emissive properties of mixed cathode components affect the parameters of generated plasma. The scheme of vacuum arc with a heated cathode made of CeO₂ + Cr and TiO₂ + Cr powders was used. The arc discharges in the current range of 30–90 A and in the cathode temperature range of 1.8–2.0 kK were studied. It was found that CeO₂ provides an intensive thermal electron emission and the arc with CeO₂ + Cr cathode has a diffuse current attachment, plasma parameters are controllable and mainly Cr ions appear in plasma. Conversely, the current constricts in the arc with a non-emissive TiO₂ + Cr cathode, the plasma parameters are unchangeable and Ti and Cr ions are generated in comparable amounts. The results presented may be useful in multicomponent plasma sources design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"21 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Germination Growth Stimulation in Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea L.) by Gaseous Products from Air Plasma Discharge","authors":"Ha An Quoc Than,&nbsp;Minh Anh Ngoc Tran,&nbsp;Duyen Ky Vo Nguyen,&nbsp;Trung Thanh Nguyen,&nbsp;Thien Huu Pham","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10519-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10519-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plasma agriculture is an emerging sector with potential to improve agricultural yield and promote sustainable development. While several studies have demonstrated positive impacts on seed germination and post-treatment plant growth indices, the response of vegetative stage plants to plasma-derived components remains underexplored. In this study, the effects of gaseous products generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on the vegetative growth of mustard greens (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) were investigated. Fourteen-day-old plants were exposed to plasma gas (indirect plasma) at varying frequencies, and growth parameters were monitored after 7 and 14 days of treatment. The results revealed that exposure to plasma gas for 30–45 min per day positively impacted root length, plant height, leaf area as well new leaf formation rate, with increases ranging from 16 to 30%. Additionally, plasma-exposed plants exhibited significantly higher chlorophyll content (33%), <i>total protein content (15–20%</i>), and dry/fresh weight ratio (17%) compared to the control sample. Interestingly, cold plasma treatment demonstrated a greater influence on root growth, while a negative effect was observed on aboveground parts at high exposure frequencies. These findings demonstrate that plasma treatment not only benefits seed germination but also has the potential to enhance crop yield through its stimulatory effects on vegetative growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"313 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swellable Plasma Polymer Films for Use in Hydrogel-Based Biomedical Devices","authors":"Bishakh Rout,&nbsp;Pierre-Luc Girard-Lauriault","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10504-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10504-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Swellable plasma polymer films have been deposited on silicon wafers and hydrogels in a low-pressure PECVD system. Deposition characteristics and physico-chemical characterization data of swellable oxygen-rich plasma polymerised ethylene films were studied. These films were deposited using gas flows consisting of C₂H₄ (5 sccm) and CO₂ (10–40 sccm). Using profilometry, changes in thickness of films over multiple water immersion and drying cycles were recorded. Changes in the structure and morphology of films was also evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy, dye permeation studies and atomic force microscopy. Mechanical properties of the films were studied by using nanoindentation experiments, and intrinsic residual stresses were also calculated for the films. The behaviour of films was dependent on the flexibility and water content of the underlying hydrogel substrates. These findings pave way for creation of stable plasma polymer films on biomedical devices made from hydrogels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"113 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Mucilaginous Seeds of Different Plant Species Respond to Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Treatment","authors":"Božena Šerá,&nbsp;Petra Šrámková,&nbsp;Barbora Tunklová,&nbsp;Sandra Ďurčányová,&nbsp;Michal Šerý,&nbsp;Hubert Žarnovičan,&nbsp;Anna Drozdíková,&nbsp;Leonid Satrapinský,&nbsp;Anna Zahoranová,&nbsp;Dušan Kováčik,&nbsp;František Hnilička","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10515-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10515-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Important representatives of mucilaginous seeds from different plant species, namely amaranth (<i>Amaranthus hypochondriacus</i> L.), garden cress (<i>Lepidium sativum</i> L.), common flax (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i> L.), psyllium (<i>Plantago ovata</i> Forssk.), and chia (<i>Salvia hispanica</i> L.) were subjected to non-thermal plasma (NTP) generated by diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge with different exposure times (1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 s). Seed water uptake, kinematic viscosity, parameters of seed germination and initial seedling growth were monitored along with chemical and morphological changes on the seed surface. Water absorption increased with increasing plasma exposure time for garden cress, psyllium and chia seeds, but it was greatest for chia seeds. For all seed species, the kinematic viscosity decreased with increasing plasma exposure time. The highest values were found for chia seeds after a treatment for 30 s. Surface analyses did not reveal any chemical and morphological changes of the seed surface. According to a PCA comparison of basic characteristics of germination and initial growth, common flax seeds differ in their reaction to NTP from the other tested plants. On the contrary, chia seeds showed the best water uptake and kinematic viscosity. It was shown that NTP treatment improves the absorption of mucilaginous seeds and does not change the surface and structural properties of the seeds. These mucilaginous seeds can be used as raw seed, whereby NTP accelerates their preparation during soaking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"325 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-024-10515-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric Pressure Portable Catalytic Thermal Plasma System for Fast Synthesis of Aqueous NO3 and NO2 Fertilizer from Air and Water","authors":"Srikumar Ghorui,&nbsp;Nirupama Tiwari,&nbsp;Harshala Parab","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10514-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10514-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Meaningful deployment of plasma water-based nitrogen fixation in agricultural application is hindered primarily due to its poor synthesis rate in compact systems. The study reports a directly deployable thermal plasma based portable catalytic compact system, offering typical synthesis rate as high as 1035 mg/min for nitrate and 635 mg/min for nitrite directly from naturally abundant atmospheric air and water. Developed technology is clean, sustainable, easily decentralizable, and completely free from fossil fuels and harmful intermediates like ammonia. The system avoids safety hazards and costs related to the requirements of continuous energy resources, pressurized environment for synthesis, regulated storage, refrigeration need, transportation of raw materials and distribution of fertilizer, as may be required by other competing technologies. Described system, consisting of air plasma torch, reaction chamber, water injection manifold and catalytic bed creates a unique nascent reactive plasma environment at ambient pressure that auto activates the catalyst in the field of thermal plasma for highly efficient fixation of nitrogen. Presented results indicate that use of combination catalysts with mechanically enhanced surface area allows drastic enhancement in the nitrogen fixation. Possible reaction chemistries, results of trials with different catalysts, time evolution of concentration, auto-conversion from nitrite to nitrate in aqueous media, time stability of concentration of the synthesized nitrate and observed remarkable effectiveness in the actual field trials are presented. Achieved synthesis rates are compared with those reported in literature in the area of thermal and non-thermal plasma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"371 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-024-10514-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Tube Diameter on the Surface Distributions of ROS in Model Tissue Treated with a He + O2 Plasma Jet","authors":"Tongtong He,&nbsp;Liping Song,&nbsp;Yanpeng He,&nbsp;Zeyu Chen,&nbsp;Yuesheng Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10518-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10518-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The influence of quartz tube size on the surface distributions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in model tissue treated with a He + O₂ plasma jet was investigated. Gelatin gel was used to construct the model tissue, and a KI-starch color agent was mixed with the model tissue to visualize the distribution of ROS. With increasing quartz tube diameter, the uniformity of the ROS distribution on the model tissue decreased, and the change in the surface distribution area of the ROS on the model tissue over the irradiation distance was quite different for different quartz tube diameters. The surface distribution of ROS on the model tissue was affected mainly by the working gas flow; thus, the diffusion range of the working gas flow on the model tissue surface determined the surface distribution area of ROS on the model tissue. The working gas flow was accelerated, and the diffusion range of the working gas flow on the model tissue surface expanded when the plasma was ignited, resulting from the modification of the working gas flow by the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) effect. The EHD effect on the expansion of the diffusion range of working gas flow on the model tissue was different for different quartz tube diameters, and the effect was determined mainly by the discharge current density of the plasma jet and the plasma propagation length.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"239 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Transport of Reactive Nitrogen Plasma Species into Water Bulk vs. Aerosolized Microdroplets","authors":"Mostafa Elsayed Hassan,&nbsp;Mário Janda,&nbsp;Zdenko Machala","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10511-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10511-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents the experimental study of the transport of typical air plasma long-lived reactive nitrogen species (RNS: HNO₂, NO₂, and NO) into deionized water and compares them with the most typical reactive oxygen species (ROS: H₂O₂ and O₃). RONS are generated either by external sources or by a hybrid streamer-transient spark plasma discharge, in contact with bulk water or aerosol of charged electrospray (ES) or non-charged nebulized microdroplets with a large gas/plasma-water interface. It was found that NO’s contribution to NO₂¯ ion formation was negligible, NO₂ contributed to about 10%, while the dominant contributor to NO₂¯ ion formation in water was gaseous HNO₂. A higher transport efficiency of O₃, and a much higher formation efficiency of NO₂¯ from gaseous NO₂ or HNO₂ than predicted by Henry’s law was observed, compared to the transport efficiency of H₂O₂ that corresponds to the expected Henry’s law solvation. The improvement of the transport/formation efficiencies by nebulized and ES microdroplets, where the surface area is significantly enhanced compared to the bulk water, is most evident for the solvation enhancement of the weakly soluble O₃. NO₂¯ ion formation efficiency was strongly improved in ES microdroplets with respect to bulk water and even to nebulized microdroplets, which is likely due to the charge effect that enhanced the formation of aqueous nitrite NO₂¯ ions when NO₂ or HNO₂ are transported into water. Comparisons of the molar amounts of O₃, H₂O₂, and NO₂¯ formed in water by hybrid streamer-transient spark plasma discharge with those obtained with single RONS from the external sources enabled us to estimate approximate concentrations of gaseous concentrations of HNO₂, NO₂, O₃, and H₂O₂. The medium or highly soluble gaseous HNO₂ or H₂O₂, with a low concentration of &lt; 10 ppm are sufficient to induce the measured aqueous NO₂¯ or H₂O₂ amounts in water. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the transport mechanism of gaseous plasma RONS into water that can optimize the design of plasma–liquid interaction systems to produce efficient and selected aqueous RONS in water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"161 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-024-10511-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of Graphene Oxide Via Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation","authors":"Kittiya Kosaentor,&nbsp;Chanokporn Chaiwong","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10513-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10513-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Graphene oxide sheets were irradiated with argon and hydrogen plasma in the configuration of plasma immersion ion implantation with a pulsed negative voltage of -5 kV at varying time intervals, ranging from 2 to 8 min. Their characteristics were investigated in terms of surface and structural modification, elemental compositions and bonding, and sheet resistance. The irradiation removed surface irregularities and transformed it into a smoother surface. Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that the sp² network was restored after the radiation. Due to different energy loss mechanisms, hydrogen irradiation resulted in a smaller size of sp² domains, while argon radiation led to more structural defects. The XPS results showed that a significant amount of hydroxyl/epoxy groups were removed, and an increase in carboxyl groups was observed after the irradiation. This indicates that some surface reactions, such as hydrogenation and adsorption of molecules from the environment, occurred. Conductive graphene oxide sheets were obtained as the sheet resistance of the irradiated graphene oxide was reduced compared to that of the pristine graphene oxide. This demonstrates that PIII could be a potential technique to reduce graphene oxide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"33 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan Hydrogels with Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties: Enhanced Properties by Incorporating of Plasma Activated Water","authors":"C. G. Cuéllar-Gaona,&nbsp;J. A. González-López,&nbsp;E. O. Martínez-Ruiz,&nbsp;P. Acuña-Vazquez,&nbsp;M. D. Dávila-Medina,&nbsp;J. J. Cedillo-Portillo,&nbsp;R. I. Narro-Céspedes,&nbsp;G. Soria-Arguello,&nbsp;M. Puca-Pacheco,&nbsp;M. C. Ibarra-Alonso,&nbsp;M. G. Neira-Velázquez","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10506-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10506-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plasma technology for generating activated water has garnered significant interest among researchers for its antimicrobial properties post-treatment. This study aimed to produce chitosan hydrogels incorporating various types and concentrations of plasma activated water (PAW) derived from tap water and purified water. Initially, the physicochemical properties of PAW, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS), were assessed, revealing a notable decrease in pH and an increase in EC and TDS post-activation. Chitosan hydrogels were then synthesized using PAW and subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. Results indicated a minimal impact on the chemical structure of the hydrogels post-PAW addition. TGA and DSC results revealed differences between tap water-based hydrogels and purified water-based hydrogels, indicating the presence of impurities or minerals in tap water. SEM observations depicted morphological alterations with increased plasma exposure, potentially enhancing antimicrobial activity. In degradation and swelling tests, the hydrogels exhibited pH sensitivity, maintaining integrity in neutral and alkaline media while dissolving in acidic conditions. Hemocompatibility and antimicrobial efficacy were confirmed through hemolysis tests and antibacterial/antifungal assays, particularly in hydrogels with prolonged water activation times, attributed to reactive species in PAW. These findings underscore the potential of these hydrogels as disinfectants in the biomedical field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 6","pages":"2303 - 2322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Combined with Ce-Ni Mesoporous catalysts for CO2 splitting to CO","authors":"Oleg V. Golubev,&nbsp;Anton L. Maximov","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10512-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10512-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A process of CO₂ decomposition in dielectric barrier discharge reactor using mesoporous CeO₂-NiO catalysts was studied. Mesoporous materials of MCM-41, SBA-15 and MCF types were used in this study to investigate the influence of the material structure on CO₂ decomposition efficiency. The obtained catalysts were characterized by physico-chemical methods: low temperature N₂ adsorption, X-Ray diffraction and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy. CO₂ conversion, CO yield and CO selectivity as well as energy efficiency and specific energy input were calculated. The comparison of process efficiency was conducted with that in the absence of any catalyst (plasma-only reactor). It was shown that in the presence of Ce-based catalysts, the conversion of CO₂ (from 11 to 19%) and CO yield rise significantly, while CeNi samples show minor performance in CO₂ plasma-catalytic dissociation. Porous characteristics affected the performance of CO₂ decomposition. Using wide-porous MCF-type material as a support, it was possible to achieve the highest conversion due to enhanced CO₂ adsorption in pores and subsequent plasma-catalytic decomposition. The combination of mesoporous silica material as a support and a CeO₂ as an active component is promising for the plasma-catalytic CO₂ splitting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 6","pages":"2087 - 2100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}