Advances in medical sciences最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing the clinical potential: Quality assessment of adipose tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for therapeutic use","authors":"Monika Rytel ,&nbsp;Magdalena Chodkowska-Michalowska ,&nbsp;Dorota Sulejczak ,&nbsp;Natalia Krześniak ,&nbsp;Marzena Zychowicz ,&nbsp;Anna Sarnowska","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Despite ongoing debate surrounding mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), the number of clinical trials involving MSCs has continued to increase due to their strong therapeutic potential. These cells exhibit immunosuppressive and neuroprotective properties, making them a promising approach for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Given the growing interest in stem cell-based therapies, it is essential to establish specific protocols for manufacturing adipose-derived MSCs. This study outlines the process of obtaining an ATMP cell product from ASCs, evaluating cell quality, isolation efficiency, and optimal conditions for cryopreservation, preparation, and transport.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Cells were isolated from fresh, cryopreserved, and 4°C-stored adipose tissue to evaluate how different storage conditions affect cell quality. In addition, cell viability in different transport solutions over time was examined. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of ASCs, cells were cultured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neural gene and protein expression, as well as the secretome profile, were analysed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings show that isolating ASCs immediately after liposuction yields the highest viable cell count. Adipose tissue can be stored at 4 ​°C for up to 48 ​h without affecting cell population doubling time, but cryopreservation negatively impacts ASCs’ clonogenicity. For optimal long-term preservation, a medium with 5 ​% platelet lysate and 10 ​% DMSO is recommended. Additionally, we found that 0.9 ​% NaCl is the best transport medium for maintaining cell viability. CSF exposure induced neural markers (NG2, A2B5, Nestin, β-III-tubulin, S-100-β) and morphological changes, suggesting neural-like differentiation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings contribute to the development of protocols for MSC therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 408-424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor: “Structured team response and sex-based mortality gaps in acute pulmonary embolism: Conflicting evidence and future directions”","authors":"Artur Dziewierz ,&nbsp;Barbara Zdzierak ,&nbsp;Roman M. Wojdyła","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 425-426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145450459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of sclerostin in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases- a potential biomarker?","authors":"Sebastian Stelmaszek,&nbsp;Ewa Tarasiuk,&nbsp;Małgorzata Knapp,&nbsp;Remigiusz Kazimierczyk,&nbsp;Anna Lisowska","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sclerostin, a glycoprotein primarily synthesized by osteocytes, is a key regulator of bone remodeling through its inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Beyond its established role in bone metabolism, sclerostin has been identified in vascular tissues, including smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, suggesting a potential role in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Research on sclerostin's role in CVD has yielded conflicting results, highlighting its complex involvement in vascular calcification and atherosclerosis.</div><div>Some studies associate elevated sclerostin levels with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events, potentially due to its inhibition of pathways driving vascular calcification and osteogenic transformation of vascular cells. Conversely, other research links higher sclerostin levels with increased cardiovascular risk, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke, possibly reflecting a compensatory response to vascular damage or inflammation.</div><div>Discrepancies in findings may stem from differences in study populations, methodologies, and confounding factors such as age, renal function, and medication use. Furthermore, sclerostin's dual effects may depend on specific pathological contexts, complicating its interpretation as a biomarker.</div><div>This review examines the evidence for sclerostin's role in CVD and its potential utility as a biomarker for cardiovascular risk stratification. While emerging data suggest diagnostic and therapeutic relevance, particularly in populations with chronic kidney disease or metabolic disorders, further research is necessary to elucidate its mechanisms, identify modulating factors, and assess its clinical value. A clearer understanding of sclerostin's vascular effects could pave the way for novel approaches to cardiovascular disease prevention and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 436-443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145407802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QT variability and myocardial repolarization in sleep apnea: implications for cardiac risk","authors":"Aleksandra Jarecka-Dobroń ,&nbsp;Wojciech Braksator ,&nbsp;Paweł Chrom","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Due to the increased risk of sudden cardiac death, we decided to assess ECG parameters related to the stability of the myocardial repolarization period, i.e. the corrected QT interval (QTc) and derivatives describing its variability (QTV and QTVi).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Healthy volunteers (n ​= ​187) with visceral obesity, aged 35–65 years, were included. Each participant underwent Holter-ECG and polygraphy simultaneously. According to the severity of breathing disorders during sleep the cohort was divided into 3 groups: Respiratory Event Index (REI) 5–14/hour, REI 15–30/hour, REI ≥ 30/hour. The values of QT parameters were compared between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-positive and -negative group as well as among OSA positive group (depending on the OSA severity degree).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We enrolled 121 patients, mean age 47.57 ​± ​9.36 (47 ​% female), mean BMI 32.18 ​± ​5.98 ​kg/m², 70 (58 ​%) of them were diagnosed with OSA, mean REI 26.79 ​± ​25.66/hour. In OSA group, QTV and QTVi were higher (p ​&lt; ​0.001) however QTc max was not significantly longer (p ​= ​0.06).</div><div>Furthermore, we found significantly increased QTc max and QTVi in OSA positive patients during respiratory events compared to normal breathing (p ​= ​0.02 and p ​= ​0.008, respectively). Additionally, we found a positive correlation between REI and QTc max (p ​= ​0.004, R ​= ​0.22). Parameters related to hypoxia (oxygen desaturation index 4 ​%, time with SpO2 &lt;90 ​%, SpO2 min, SpO2 mean) also presented a positive correlation with QTc max. Variables were not dependent on age or BMI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Repolarization of cardiomyocytes is impaired in patients with OSA. The severity of impairment is positively correlated with the severity of sleep-related breathing disorders and hypoxemia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 301-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144726367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-based differences in patients with acute pulmonary embolism managed by a pulmonary embolism response team: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study","authors":"Grzegorz Procyk ,&nbsp;Paweł Kurzyna ,&nbsp;Karolina Jasińska-Gniadzik ,&nbsp;Julia Maria Smyk ,&nbsp;Marcin Wasilewski ,&nbsp;Rafał Wolański ,&nbsp;Piotr Szwed ,&nbsp;Dominika Rymaszewska ,&nbsp;Dominika Zajkowska ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Wrona ,&nbsp;Szymon Darocha ,&nbsp;Marta Banaszkiewicz ,&nbsp;Michał Florczyk ,&nbsp;Dariusz Zieliński ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Wróbel ,&nbsp;Marcin Grabowski ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Opolski ,&nbsp;Adam Torbicki ,&nbsp;Marcin Kurzyna ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Gąsecka ,&nbsp;Arkadiusz Pietrasik","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most frequent acute cardiovascular condition worldwide. PE response teams (PERTs) were proposed recently to facilitate treatment implementation in PE patients. There is limited data regarding the characteristics of patients consulted by PERTs. We aimed to analyze sex-related differences in baseline characteristics, applied treatment, and prognosis of acute PE patients consulted by a local PERT. We did not seek to assess the influence of PERT on potential differences.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The study included 235 patients diagnosed with PE in the three participating hospitals between September 2017 and December 2021. Clinical and treatment data were obtained from medical records.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that women were older than men (median [IQR]: 66.0 [49.5–77.0] vs. 58.5 [49.0–69.3] years, <em>P</em> ​= ​0.02). Cough was more prevalent in men (23.0 ​% vs. 7.3 ​%, <em>P</em> ​= ​0.001). Smoking was more frequent in men (32.5 ​% vs. 15.6 ​%, <em>P</em> ​= ​0.004), whereas hormonal therapy was more frequent in women (11.0 ​% vs. 0.8 ​%, <em>P</em> ​= ​0.001). Hospitalized women required intubation more often than men (16.5 ​% vs. 6.3 ​%, <em>P</em> ​= ​0.02). Proximal deep vein thrombosis was more common in men (46.8 ​% vs. 33.9 ​%, <em>P</em> ​= ​0.047). Low molecular weight heparins were more often used in men (82.5 ​% vs. 66.1 ​%, <em>P</em> ​= ​0.004).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Most analyzed parameters did not differ between the sexes in acute PE patients treated by a PERT. Differences in risk factors are associated with well-established sex-related differences, with smoking more often reported in men and hormonal therapy more common in women. Notably, the survival rate was comparable for women and men.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 346-352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atherosclerosis in the context of hemostasis and neovascularization – Current state of knowledge","authors":"Urszula Jakobsche-Policht ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Bronowicka-Szydełko ,&nbsp;Rajmund Adamiec ,&nbsp;Dorota Bednarska-Chabowska ,&nbsp;Emilia Królewicz ,&nbsp;Łukasz Lewandowski ,&nbsp;Kinga Gostomska-Pampuch ,&nbsp;Arkadiusz Derkacz ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Budrewicz ,&nbsp;Ewa Grzebyk ,&nbsp;Maciej Nowak ,&nbsp;Daria Dolińska ,&nbsp;Paulina Matlak ,&nbsp;Julia Sobczyńska ,&nbsp;Maciej Ziomek ,&nbsp;Maciej Tota ,&nbsp;Wojciech Stach ,&nbsp;Dominik Fidorowicz ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Madziarska","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atherosclerosis is a progressive process resulting from endothelial dysfunction, primarily caused by damage to the integrity of the glycocalyx. Its pathogenesis is complex and involves numerous biomechanical and biochemical factors, such as blood pressure, shear forces, lipid metabolism disorders, monocyte migration and their transformation into macrophages, immune response, lipid accumulation, neovascularization, and activation of coagulation. Recently, the possibility of atherosclerosis regression has been confirmed, although the mechanisms behind the reversal of changes remain unknown. This review presents current knowledge on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with particular emphasis on pro-atherogenic processes in the glycocalyx and endothelium, especially those related to hemostasis, neovascularization, and epigenetic changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 353-366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of selected mechanical properties of anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament complex","authors":"Piotr Prochor,&nbsp;Julia Jagodyńska,&nbsp;Anita Gryko","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that transmit force from bone to bone. One of the most important ligaments in the human body is the knee-joint ligament, which is exposed to large and dynamic forces during daily activities. Owing to their frequent injuries, cruciate ligaments are among the most studied in the current literature. Thus far, research has focused mainly on the study of individual ligament structures and less frequently on analysing entire bone-ligament systems. Therefore, this study examines the mechanical properties of the entire cruciate ligament system.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Tensile tests were conducted on 18 porcine forelimb knee joints. The joints were mounted on a holder, ensuring freedom of the ligament positioning during the examination. The test consisted of three stages: preconditioning (stage 1), relaxation (stage 2), and breaking (stage 3).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In stage 1, the tissue showed a decrease in reaction force with subsequent conditioning cycles, with a slower decrease at lower tensile velocities. The dissipated energy and stiffness decreased with each cycle, but increased at higher tensile velocities. In stage 2, an increase in stiffness was observed with the elongation of the structure. In stage 3, injuries mainly occurred in the bone fragments and attachments rather than in the ligament structures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The testing stage and tensile velocity influenced the mechanical response of the tissue. The obtained results are important for a better understanding of the mechanism of intra-articular periarticular injuries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 308-317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic instability at the PTEN locus and altered miRNA-21 and miRNA-200a expression in gastric cancer patients in Poland","authors":"Magdalena Dzikowiec ,&nbsp;Sandra Galant ,&nbsp;Przemysław Lik ,&nbsp;Monika Migdalska-Sęk ,&nbsp;Dariusz Nejc ,&nbsp;Janusz Piekarski ,&nbsp;Alicja Majos ,&nbsp;Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota ,&nbsp;Dorota Pastuszak-Lewandoska","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Gastric cancer is often diagnosed late, and is associated with poor long-term prognosis. The aim of the study was to look for non-invasive potential biomarkers involved in gastric carcinogenesis, with diagnostic or prognostic significance.</div></div><div><h3>Material/methods</h3><div>Gastric tissue samples, from three different regions of the stomach, including the primary tumor, macroscopically unchanged gastric tissues, as well as serum, were collected from patients diagnosed with gastric cancer. Serum samples were also obtained from a control group. The analyzed parameters were: expression levels of <em>PTEN</em>, miRNA-21 and miRNA-200a using qPCR method and the frequency of LOH/MSI at the <em>PTEN locus</em> using four microsatellite markers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The obtained results revealed significantly decreased expression of <em>PTEN</em> in gastric tumor tissue and statistically significant differences between the studied tissue samples from different stomach regions. <em>PTEN</em> expression in patients with LOH/MSI was decreased two-fold compared to patients without genetic instability, indicating a potential mechanism of gene silencing. Another mechanism of <em>PTEN</em> silencing could be due to miRNA activity: significant negative correlations were found between <em>PTEN</em> and the studied miRNAs expression levels. In serum, miRNA-21 expression was increased in the group of patients, while miRNA-200a expression was decreased, and the differences were statistically significant compared to controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for miRNA-200a revealed 92 ​% sensitivity and 77 ​% specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The obtained results suggest that miRNA-21 and miRNA-200a could be considered as diagnostic biomarkers differentiating patients with gastric cancer from healthy individuals; however, it should be verified on a larger group of patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 248-254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of systemic immune–inflammation index with in-hospital mortality of cardiogenic shock patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","authors":"Shixing Li ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Jin Yu,&nbsp;Jingsong Xu,&nbsp;Yan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a useful predictor in cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of SII with in–hospital mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).</div></div><div><h3>Patients and Methods</h3><div>A total of 126 CS patients received ECMO implantation between January 2020 and December 2023. SII was calculated as follows: SII ​= ​neutrophil count × platelet count / lymphocyte count at admission. Participants were divided into high or low SII group based on the cut–off value of SII. In–hospital mortality was compared between the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The optimal SII cut–off value for predicting in–hospital mortality in CS patients supported with ECMO was 1735.9 (AUC 0.68, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.001). In–hospital mortality was significantly higher in the high SII group compared to the low SII group (59.09 % vs. 21.67 %, <em>p</em> &lt;0.001). The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses had shown that SII and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were identified as independent predictors of in–hospital mortality in CS patients supported with ECMO (OR: 1.001, 95 % CI: 1.000–1.002, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.007 and OR: 0.881, 95 % CI: 0.803–0.966, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.007, respectively). SII combined with LVEF offered a superior prognostic capability compared to SII alone (AUC 0.707, v. s. AUC 0.68).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We demonstrated that elevated admission SII was independently associated with in-hospital mortality in CS patients supported with ECMO. These findings highlight the potential role of SII as an indicator of mortality risk in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 243-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT2 inhibitors attenuate cholesterol accumulation in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells","authors":"Agnieszka Pawlos ,&nbsp;Ewelina Woźniak ,&nbsp;Marlena Broncel ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Piechota-Polańczyk ,&nbsp;Paulina Gorzelak-Pabiś","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The influence of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on cholesterol accumulation in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (HAoSMCs) has not yet been evaluated. This study aimed to assess the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on cholesterol accumulation in HAoSMCs.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>HAoSMCs were treated with empagliflozin (1 and 10 ​μM), dapagliflozin (1 and 10 ​μM), and canagliflozin (1 and 10 ​μM), with or without cholesterol–methyl-β-cyclodextrin complex (cholesterol complex), for 144 ​h. Lipid accumulation was assessed using Oil Red O staining, and absorbance at 492 ​nm was measured to quantify lipid content. Relative absorbance values were calculated against a medium control.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Incubation of HAoSMCs with 10 ​μg/ml cholesterol complex resulted in a significant increase (31.8 ​%) in absorbance compared to untreated cells (p ​&lt; ​0.0001). The presence of SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the absorbance to 9.8–18.2 ​% in comparison to 31.8 ​% cholesterol complex alone. This effect was statistically significant for empagliflozin at 1 ​μM and 10 ​μM (p ​= ​0.0497 and p ​= ​0.0026, respectively) and dapagliflozin at 1 ​μM and 10 ​μM (p ​= ​0.0286 and p ​= ​0.0009, respectively). Interestingly, for canagliflozin, statistical significance was observed only at the higher concentration of 10 ​μM (p ​= ​0.0057).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SGLT2 inhibitors may have a protective effect against cholesterol complex accumulation in HAoSMCs. There were no significant differences between the doses and types of SGLT2 inhibitors; however, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin showed a significant effect regardless of the concentration, while canagliflozin only at higher concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 401-407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145429964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}