Advances in medical sciences最新文献

{"title":"Alternative donor strategy in unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – outcome with mismatched donors","authors":"Zorana Grubic ,&nbsp;Marija Maskalan ,&nbsp;Marija Burek Kamenaric ,&nbsp;Lana Desnica ,&nbsp;Mirta Mikulic ,&nbsp;Katarina Stingl Jankovic ,&nbsp;Nadira Durakovic ,&nbsp;Ranka Serventi Seiwerth ,&nbsp;Radovan Vrhovac ,&nbsp;Renata Zunec","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p><span>This study retrospectively investigated the association between the level of human leukocyte antigen<span> (HLA) mismatches (MMs), direction of disparities and differences at particular HLA locus on clinical outcomes of </span></span>hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Investigated outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), relapse and non-relapse mortality (NRM).</p></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><p>Study cohort<span> included 108 adult patients transplanted between 2011 and 2021 and their 9/10 mismatched unrelated donors (MMUD). All individuals were typed for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 and -DPB1 loci using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Sequence Specific Primers, PCR-Sequence Based Typing and Next-Generation Sequencing. All statistical analyses were done in the MedCalc software, version 19.2.6.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients with MMs at HLA-B locus demonstrated worse OS (P ​= ​0.0440, HR ​= ​2.00, n ​= ​20). Absence of HLA-DRB5 was associated with a higher incidence of GvHD (P ​= ​0.0112, HR ​= ​1.93, n ​= ​67). A lower incidence of GvHD was observed in patients with HLA class II MMs compared to patients with HLA class I MMs (P ​= ​0.0166, HR ​= ​1.94, n ​= ​29). Finally, analysis of PIRCHE score (PS) impact revealed that patients with HLA class II PS ​&gt; ​10 in GvH direction showed higher incidence of GvHD compared to patients with HLA class II PS ​&lt; ​10 (P ​= ​0.0073, HR ​= ​2.01, n ​= ​55).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Obtained results undisputedly indicate the necessity to further investigate this matter on a larger patient group, with focus on specific HLA alleles to define precisely priority criteria for selecting the best donor for all patients, thus improving the outcome of HSCT with an MMUD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"68 2","pages":"Pages 332-340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41107024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in tidal breathing biomarkers as indicators of treatment response in AECOPD patients in an acute care setting","authors":"Tess Nuñez Quiroga ,&nbsp;Nadav Bachar ,&nbsp;Wieland Voigt ,&nbsp;Noy Danino ,&nbsp;Inbal Shafran ,&nbsp;Ronit Shtrichman ,&nbsp;Gregory Shuster ,&nbsp;Nina Lambrecht ,&nbsp;Stephan Eisenmann","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease<span> (AECOPD) is a complication of COPD that typically necessitates intensified treatment and hospitalization. It is linked to higher morbidity, mortality and healthcare spending. Assessment of therapy response for AECOPD is difficult due to the variability of symptoms and limitations in current measures. Hence, there is a need for new biomarkers to aid in the management of AECOPD in acute care settings.</span></p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p><span>Fifteen hospitalized AECOPD patients (GOLD 3–4) were enrolled in this study. Treatment response was assessed daily through clinical evaluations and by monitoring tidal breathing biomarkers (respiratory rate [RR], expiratory time [T</span>_ex], inspiratory time [T_in], expiratory pause [T_rst], total breath time [T_tot]), using a novel, wearable nanosensor-based device (SenseGuard™).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients who showed significant clinical improvement had substantial changes in ΔT_ex/T_tot (+14%), ΔT_rst/T_tot (−18%), and ΔT_in/T_ex<span> (+0.09), whereas patients who showed mild or no clinical improvement had smaller changes (+5%, +3%, and −0.03, respectively). Linear regression between change in physician's assessment score and the median change in tidal breathing parameters was significant for T</span>_in/T_ex (R² ​= ​0.449, ∗p ​= ​0.017), T_ex/T_tot (R² ​= ​0.556, ∗p ​= ​0.005) and T_rst/T_tot (R² ​= ​0.446, ∗p ​= ​0.018), while no significant regression was observed for RR, T_in/(T_rst ​+ ​T_ex) and T_in/T_tot.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study demonstrates the potential of the SenseGuard™ to monitor treatment response in AECOPD patients by measuring changes in tidal breathing biomarkers, which were shown to be associated with significant changes in the patients' respiratory condition as evaluated by physicians. However, further large-scale clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"68 2","pages":"Pages 176-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9765739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterned edge-illuminated display for clinical examination of visual evoked potentials using simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging","authors":"Łukasz Lisowski ,&nbsp;Łukasz Łabieniec ,&nbsp;Jolanta Lisowska ,&nbsp;Wojciech Obrębski ,&nbsp;Joanna Konopińska ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Szymański","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Commonly used technologies for visual pattern stimulation cannot operate in a magnetic resonance imaging room because they can interfere with the operation of the scanner and are vulnerable to its electromagnetic and magnetic fields. The aim of this single-center prospective observational study was to introduce a novel, structurally uncomplicated, easy-to-maintain, patterned edge-illuminated display (PEID) device for visual pattern-reversal stimulation, compare it with a commonly used cathode ray tube screen, and verify the equivalence of quantitative assays.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>The left and right eyes of 36 healthy participants with undilated pupils were examined on a commercial visual evoked potential (VEP) apparatus and on the PEID device, where pattern-reversal transient VEPs were elicited by checkerboard stimuli with large (0.89°; 0.86°–0.92°) and small (0.21°; 0.20°–0.23°) checks.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The PEID device demonstrated the required reliability and dynamic characteristics, as well as precise time-locking required for a VEP diagnosis. The results of Deming's correlation analysis showed that both the commercial cathode ray tube monitor and the PEID device produced identical VEP results within the context of experimental uncertainty. The standard deviation of Deming's regression may indicate the uncertainty of the VEPs measured in clinical practice. The Bland-Altman analysis of the mean showed no significant difference in the amplitude and peak time of VEPs measured on the PEID device compared to that of the commercial cathode ray tube monitor.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The presented PEID device meets all the required standards and can be easily installed in various types of commercial magnetic resonance imaging scanners.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"68 2","pages":"Pages 314-321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10268676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The TGFBI gene and protein expression in topotecan resistant ovarian cancer cell lines","authors":"Karolina Wojtowicz ,&nbsp;Monika Świerczewska ,&nbsp;Michał Nowicki ,&nbsp;Radosław Januchowski","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The primary limiting factor in achieving cures for patients with cancer, particularly ovarian cancer, is drug resistance. The mechanisms of drug resistance of cancer cells during chemotherapy may include compounds of the extracellular matrix, such as the transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBI). In this study, we aimed to analyze the <em>TGFBI</em> gene and protein expression in different sensitive and drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, as well as test if TGFBI can be involved in the response to topotecan (TOP) at the very early stages of treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis of TGFBI expression in different ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, A2780TR1, A2780TR2, W1, W1TR, SKOV-3, PEA1, PEA2 and PEO23). The level of <em>TGFBI</em> mRNA (QPCR), intracellular and extracellular protein (Western blot analysis) were assessed in this study.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We observed upregulation of <em>TGFBI</em> mRNA in drug-resistant cell lines and estrogen-receptor positive cell lines, which was supported by overexpression of both intracellular and extracellular TGFBI protein. We also showed the <em>TGFBI</em> expression after a short period of treatment of sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines with TOP.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The expression of TGFBI in ovarian cancer cell lines suggests its role in the development of drug resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"68 2","pages":"Pages 379-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41093942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coding RNA expression profile and transcription factor analysis of H.pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis","authors":"Xinguo Wang ,&nbsp;Juan Dong ,&nbsp;Hao Sheng,&nbsp;Xingting Ma,&nbsp;Lazati Baheti,&nbsp;Jie Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p><span>Atrophic gastritis, one of the processes leading to gastric cancer (GC), is closely related to </span><span><em>Helicobacter pylori</em></span><span><span> (HP) infection. This study aimed to understand how HP causes chronic inflammation that leads to </span>ulcers and stomach problems.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Twenty-eight CAG patients were included in the study (9 HP-infected and 19 HP-uninfected). Endoscopy, </span>histopathology, and high-throughput mRNA sequencing were performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated via qRT-PCR.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span><span>Principal component analysis<span><span> (PCA) results showed that more than 88.9 ​% of the samples were classified into the HP (+) group. A total of 157 DEGs were identified, of which 38 were up-regulated and 119 were down-regulated. The DEGs were mainly enriched in the biological process (BP) terms associated with immune system process, </span>adaptive immune response, G protein-coupled receptor </span></span>signaling pathway<span><span>, as well as point to numerous key pathways, including fat digestion and absorption, retinol metabolism, </span>steroid hormone biosynthesis, </span></span>ascorbate<span> and aldarate metabolism, and chemical carcinogenesis. </span></span><em>APOA1</em>, <span><em>APOA4</em></span>, <span><em>FOXP3</em></span>, <em>NR1H4</em>, <span><em>ABCG5</em></span>, <em>ACTA1</em>, <span><em>CCL19</em></span>, <em>CCR7</em>, <span><em>CYP3A4</em></span>, and <em>PDCD</em><span> had the highest degrees in protein–protein interaction network as the hub genes; they were also included into the transcription factor (TF)-target network except for </span><em>PDCD</em>. <em>APOA1</em> and <em>CYP3A4</em> were extremely significantly up-regulated in HP (+) CAG patients compared with the HP (−) CAG patients, while <em>FOXP3</em>, <em>CCR7</em> and <em>CCL19</em> were significantly down-regulated.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The expression of <em>APOA1</em>, <em>CYP3A4</em>, <em>FOXP3</em>, <em>CCR7</em>, and <em>CCL19</em> are the potential indicators for CAG to GC development, being the biomarkers to predict progression of CAG and poor prognosis of GC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"68 2","pages":"Pages 491-498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72012984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"May noninvasive mechanical ventilation and/ or continuous positive airway pressure increase the bronchoalveolar lavage salvage in patients with pulmonary diseases? Randomized clinical trial - Study protocol","authors":"Anna Danel ,&nbsp;Ewelina Tobiczyk ,&nbsp;Adam Warcholiński ,&nbsp;Marzena Trzaska-Sobczak ,&nbsp;Andrzej Swinarew ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Brożek ,&nbsp;Ewa Trejnowska ,&nbsp;Halina Batura-Gabryel ,&nbsp;Antonina Jedynak ,&nbsp;Raffaele Scala ,&nbsp;Adam Barczyk ,&nbsp;Szczepan Cofta ,&nbsp;Szymon Skoczyński","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) procedure is a useful tool in the diagnosis of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and is helpful in clinical research of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Still little is known about predictors of poor BAL salvage. The trial aims to find the most efficient way to improve BAL recovery.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Our study is a prospective, multicenter, international, two-arm randomized controlled trial. We aim to obtain BAL samples from a total number of 300 patients: 150 with ILD and 150 with COPD to achieve a statistical power of 80 ​%. Patients with initial BAL salvage &lt;60 ​% will be randomized into the non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) arm. The NIV and CPAP will be set according to the study protocol. The influence on BAL salvage will be assessed in terms of BAL volume and content. Multivariable analysis of the additional test results to determine predictors for low BAL recovery will be conducted. In a study subgroup of approximately 20 patients per specific disease, a metabolomic assessment of exhaled air condensate will be performed. All procedures will be assessed in terms of the patient's safety. The trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (ID# NCT05631132). Interested experienced centers are invited to join the research group by writing to the corresponding author.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results of our prospective study will address the currently unsolved problem of how to increase BAL salvage in patients with pulmonary diseases without increasing the risk of respiratory failure exacerbation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"68 2","pages":"Pages 482-490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1896112623000494/pdfft?md5=d62ecc3080c9d84c182a08e9059ebdbc&pid=1-s2.0-S1896112623000494-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72012985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination therapy along with mesenchymal stem cells in wound healing; the state of the art","authors":"Hossein Daneste ,&nbsp;Linda Mohammadzadeh Boukani ,&nbsp;Narges Ramezani ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Asadi ,&nbsp;Haider Kamil Zaidan ,&nbsp;Azita Sadeghzade ,&nbsp;Maedeh Ehsannia ,&nbsp;Ali Azarashk ,&nbsp;Nasim Gholizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mesenchymal stem cells<span><span> (MSCs) are being increasingly used in various therapeutic applications including skin tissue repair<span> and wound healing. The positive effects of the MSCs therapy are largely elicited by immunomodulation, increasing </span></span>angiogenesis<span><span>, supporting extracellular matrix (ECM) and thus favoring skin structure. However, the therapeutic competences of MSC-based therapies are somewhat hindered by their apparent modest clinical merits, conferring the need for methods that would rise the efficacy of such therapies. A plethora of reports have shown that therapeutic properties of MSCs could be enhanced with other strategies and compounds like biomaterial and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to target key possessions of MSCs and properties of adjacent tissues concurrently. Manipulation of cellular stress-response mechanisms to improve cell resistance to </span>oxidative stress prior to or during MSC injection could also improve therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. In the current review, we shed light on the recent advances in MSCs combination therapy with other ingredients and procedures to sustain MSCs-mediated effects in wound healing.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"68 2","pages":"Pages 441-449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71476989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceramides and their roles in programmed cell death","authors":"Martina Bago Pilátová ,&nbsp;Zuzana Solárová ,&nbsp;Roman Mezencev ,&nbsp;Peter Solár","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Programmed cell death plays a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis and integrity of multicellular organisms, and its dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Programmed cell death is regulated by a range of macromolecules and low-molecular messengers, including ceramides. Endogenous ceramides have different functions, that are influenced by their localization and the presence of their target molecules. This article provides an overview of the current understanding of ceramides and their impact on various types of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, anoikis, macroautophagy and mitophagy, and necroptosis. Moreover, it highlights the emergence of dihydroceramides as a new class of bioactive sphingolipids and their downstream targets as well as their future roles in cancer cell growth, drug resistance and tumor metastasis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"68 2","pages":"Pages 417-425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49688337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontal EEG alterations induced by hippocampal amyloid pathology in rats","authors":"Enis Hidisoglu ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Chiantia","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>In this study, it was aimed to determine the dose-dependent effects of hippocampal amyloid beta<span> (Aβ) on frontal EEG activity and to elucidate the possible non-invasive biomarkers by recording spontaneous EEG in free-moving rats.</span></p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p><span><span>Male albino Wistar rats aged 3 months were randomly divided into 4 groups (n ​= ​8 for each group), obtained by </span>intrahippocampal injection of saline or different doses of Aβ</span>_1-42 i.e. 0.01 ​μg/μl, 0.1 ​μg/μl, and 1 ​μg/μl. After two weeks of recovery period, spontaneous EEG recordings were obtained from frontal regions and spectral power analyses were performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We detected a general slowdown in the brain activity two weeks after Aβ_1-42 injection.</p><p>We observed significant increases in frontal alpha power (p ​= ​0.0021) and significant decreases in frontal beta power (p ​= ​0.0003) between the Sh and Aβ_1-42-injected groups. More specifically, the ratio of the frontal EEG beta and alpha power (rFBA) was significantly affected by the intrahippocampal injection of Aβ_1-42 (p ​&lt; ​0.0001). Also, we observed that rFBA was negatively and strongly correlated with hippocampal Aβ_1-42 peptide levels (r ​= ​−0.781, p ​&lt; ​0.0001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings indicate that spontaneous frontal EEG beta and alpha activity were significantly affected by the intrahippocampal injection of Aβ_1-42. However, the results suggest that the power ratios of these bands are more sensitive to the hippocampal amyloid pathology. As such, it is proposed that the rFBA may be a more effective biomarker for diagnosing hippocampal pathology induced by Aβ_1-42.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"68 2","pages":"Pages 353-358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41107025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of DNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Kanwal Khalid,&nbsp;Chit Laa Poh","doi":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advms.2023.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The COVID-19 pandemic exerted significant impacts on public health and global economy. Research efforts to develop vaccines at warp speed against SARS-CoV-2 led to novel mRNA, viral vectored, and inactivated vaccines being administered. The current COVID-19 vaccines incorporate the full S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain but rapidly emerging variants of concern (VOCs) have led to significant reductions in protective efficacies. There is an urgent need to develop next-generation vaccines which could effectively prevent COVID-19.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PubMed and Google Scholar were systematically reviewed for peer-reviewed papers up to January 2023.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A promising solution to the problem of emerging variants is a DNA vaccine platform since it can be easily modified. Besides expressing whole protein antigens, DNA vaccines can also be constructed to include specific nucleotide genes encoding highly conserved and immunogenic epitopes from the S protein as well as from other structural/non-structural proteins to develop effective vaccines against VOCs. DNA vaccines are associated with low transfection efficiencies which could be enhanced by chemical, genetic, and molecular adjuvants as well as delivery systems.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The DNA vaccine platform offers a promising solution to the design of effective vaccines. The challenge of limited immunogenicity in humans might be solved through the use of genetic modifications such as the addition of nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide gene, strong promoters, MARs, introns, TLR agonists, CD40L, and the development of appropriate delivery systems utilizing nanoparticles to increase uptake by APCs in enhancing the induction of potent immune responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7347,"journal":{"name":"Advances in medical sciences","volume":"68 2","pages":"Pages 213-226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10290423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9721343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}