Frontiers in dental medicine最新文献

{"title":"Role of lasers in restorative dentistry: a review and update.","authors":"Rashed A Alsahafi, Heba A Mitwalli, Basil Almutairi, Khalid S Almulhim, Haitham AlQuorain, Turki Alshehri, Mohammed M Gad, Abdulrahman A Balhaddad","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2026.1941265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2026.1941265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review aimed to summarize the most frequent clinical applications of lasers in restorative dentistry and provide the most recent updates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and WoS was conducted regarding the use of lasers in restorative dentistry. Many studies examined lasers' effectiveness in achieving clinically acceptable cavity preparation, removing caries, caries diagnosis, enhancing the bonding strength of direct and indirect restorations, tooth whitening, and treating dentin hypersensitivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lasers were found to effectively prepare cavities and remove caries. The capability of lasers to achieve selective tissue removal makes them a conservative approach when removing caries. Lasers also reduce pain and anxiety for patients by minimizing vibration, noise, and the need for anesthesia. However, lasers' drawbacks include imprecise cutting and slower speeds compared to conventional methods. In caries diagnosis, combining lasers with traditional methods has improved diagnostic accuracy. The effectiveness of lasers in enhancing the bonding strength of direct and indirect restorations remains a topic of debate. Additionally, while no significant advantages were found in using lasers for teeth whitening, lasers demonstrated greater efficacy than placebo or no treatment in the management of dentin hypersensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Future research should focus on optimizing laser parameters in relation to restorative procedures, which can optimize the clinical benefits of using lasers.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"7 ","pages":"1941265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of clear aligners therapy on dental caries: a systematic review.","authors":"Silvia Caruso, Arianna Viarchi, Domenico Ciavarella, Michele Tepedino, Sara Caruso, Roberto Gatto, Claudia T Truppa, Antonella Mattei, Marco Severino","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2026.1920698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2026.1920698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions worldwide, significantly affecting public health and individual quality of life. Orthodontic treatments, particularly fixed appliances, may increase caries risk due to plaque retention and changes in the oral microbiota. Clear aligners, such as Invisalign®, represent a removable alternative that may facilitate oral hygiene and oral health. however, their impact on caries development remains a question to be investigate to understand the real opportunity in treating patients reducing the risk of caries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically evaluate the effect of clear aligner therapy on dental caries risk and cariological outcomes compared with fixed or traditional removable orthodontic appliances.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted up to June 2025 in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science. Original clinical studies comparing clear aligners with fixed or traditional removable appliances were included according to predefined PICOS criteria. Outcomes of interest included DMFT scores, caries incidence, white spot lesions, enamel demineralization, and cariogenic bacterial profiles. Study selection and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three studies met the inclusion criteria (two case-control studies and one prospective cohort study). Two case-control studies reported a significantly greater increase in DMFT scores in patients treated with fixed appliances compared with clear aligners, while no significant differences in proximal caries incidence were observed. The cohort study found no significant differences in salivary levels of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and Lactobacilli between treatment modalities. Overall, no evidence of an increased caries risk associated with clear aligners was identified; however, the certainty of evidence was low.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clear aligner therapy does not appear to be associated with a higher risk of dental caries compared with fixed or traditional removable appliances. Nevertheless, the limited number of studies and their methodological limitations highlight the need for well-designed prospective investigations with standardized caries outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"7 ","pages":"1920698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical analysis of the \"nanoleakage concept\" in endodontics: a narrative review.","authors":"José Luis Álvarez-Vásquez, Daniel Chavarría-Bolaños","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2026.1880780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2026.1880780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microleakage models have historically defined leakage assessment in endodontics despite well-recognized methodological limitations, leading to increasing restrictions on their publication. Since the seminal description of the term nanoleakage, interest in nanoscale interfacial leakage has progressively expanded into endodontics, where achieving a bacteria-free seal is critical for treatment success.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aim to map and critically analyze the current evidence on nanoleakage in endodontics, identifying research trends, methodological approaches, and existing knowledge gaps across different clinical applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review was conducted following a literature search to identify studies addressing nanoleakage within endodontic contexts. Eligible studies were screened and categorized according to their clinical application and methodological approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evidence is derived from <i>in vitro</i> studies, mostly using a qualitative approach, with significant heterogeneity in experimental designs and interpretation criteria. Most studies rely on passive tracer-based methodologies, which may not adequately reflect the dynamic behavior of fluids and bacterial by-products at the nano-interface. Research was primarily focused on areas including the bonding of adhesives to coronal and radicular dentin as well as in retrograde filling and root canal filling.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Understanding nanoleakage is an important objective, yet endodontic models remain underdeveloped. The existing evidence is limited by methodological inconsistencies and a lack of clinical validation. Future research should prioritize the development of dynamic, clinically relevant models to better understand interfacial sealing and improve the predictability of endodontic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"7 ","pages":"1880780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 3D-printed model base height on thickness distribution of thermoformed zendura FLX dual-layer clear aligners: an <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Thi-Bich-Van Tran, Ngoc-Anh-Thu Pham","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2026.1889969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2026.1889969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thermoforming of clear aligners causes non-uniform material thinning that may influence the structural and mechanical characteristics of the aligners. While greater model base height (MBH) has been shown to increase thinning in single-layer aligners, its effect on dual-layer materials remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of four MBH levels (2, 4, 6, and 8 mm) on the thickness distribution of thermoformed Zendura FLX dual-layer clear aligners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty Zendura FLX aligners were thermoformed over standardized 3D-printed maxillary models with MBH of 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm (<i>n</i> = 10 per group). Thickness was measured at multiple tooth-specific sites across four representative teeth (central incisor, canine, first premolar, and first molar) using a digital caliper. Linear mixed-effects models and generalized linear mixed-effects models with a gamma distribution were used for statistical analysis. Estimated marginal means (EMMs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from the fitted models to summarize group-level thickness estimates. <i>Post-hoc</i> pairwise comparisons were performed using Tukey's test, with significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EMM thickness decreased progressively with increasing MBH: 446 µm (95% CI 432-460) at MBH 2 mm, 386 µm (95% CI 374-399) at MBH 4 mm, 329 µm (95% CI 319-340) at MBH 6 mm, and 268 µm (95% CI 260-277) at MBH 8 mm (all pairwise comparisons <i>p</i> < 0.001). This decreasing trend was consistent across all tooth types and measurement sites, though the magnitude of reduction varied by site. Palatal sites consistently exhibited greater thickness than facial sites. For most tooth type-site combinations, all MBH contrasts were statistically significant, with limited exceptions observed at specific sites for anterior teeth, molars, and premolars.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increasing MBH resulted in a progressive reduction in the thickness of thermoformed Zendura FLX dual-layer clear aligners across all tooth types and measurement sites. Among the four levels tested, an MBH of approximately 4 mm appeared to provide a more balanced thickness distribution. These findings suggest that MBH should be considered as an important fabrication parameter in clear aligner production.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"7 ","pages":"1889969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13630649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Decision-making of Jordanian dentists when restoring root canal-treated molars: a cross-sectional vignette survey.","authors":"Sanaa Aljamani, Rasha A Alamoush, Aseel M Sharaireh, Mohammad Al-Rabab'ah, Shanil Rajesh Patel, Emad Moawad, Fadi Jarad","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2026.1966119","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2026.1966119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2026.1903315.].</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"7 ","pages":"1966119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of probiotic interventions on oral health in children: a systematic review.","authors":"Smruti Bondre, Vabitha Shetty, Mausam Kumari, Urvashi Shetty","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2026.1914359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2026.1914359","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases affecting young children worldwide. Probiotic supplementation has emerged as a potential adjunctive strategy for modifying the oral microbiome and reducing caries risk; however, evidence regarding its effectiveness remains inconsistent. This review evaluated the effects of probiotic interventions on oral health outcomes in children under 6 years of age, with emphasis on probiotic-based interventions and their influence on caries incidence, microbial changes, and biological mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines up to June 2026. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, non-randomized intervention studies, and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; mechanistic studies evaluating probiotic interventions in children aged 0-6 years. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Cochrane RoB 2.0, ROBINS-I, and QUIN tools. Due to substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively, with supplementary quantitative analyses performed where appropriate. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 13 randomized controlled trials, three non-randomized intervention studies, and five &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; studies. The clinical evidence primarily evaluated probiotic supplementation, most commonly &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus paracasei&lt;/i&gt; SD1, &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus rhamnosus&lt;/i&gt; strains, and &lt;i&gt;Limosilactobacillus reuteri&lt;/i&gt;. Most randomized trials reported reductions in caries incidence or progression and decreases in salivary &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus mutans&lt;/i&gt; counts, although findings were heterogeneous across probiotic strains and outcome measures. Mechanistic studies consistently demonstrated antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of probiotic lactobacilli against cariogenic microorganisms, providing biological plausibility for the observed clinical effects. GRADE assessment indicated moderate-certainty evidence for randomized controlled trials, while evidence from non-randomized and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; studies was rated as low and very low certainty, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Probiotic supplementation appears to be a promising adjunct to conventional preventive strategies for improving oral microbial profiles and reducing caries progression in preschool children. However, the observed benefits appear to be strain-specific, and considerable heterogeneity across interventions and outcome measures limits definitive clinical recommendations. Further high-quality, adequately powered randomized controlled trials with standardized probiotic regimens, uniform caries assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Systematic review registration: &lt;/strong&gt;https://www.crd.yor","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"7 ","pages":"1914359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of color vision deficiency among Saudi dentists and its effect on shade selection: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mai Almarzouki, Lama Abdullah Khateri, Nada J Farsi, Mohammed K Yousef","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2026.1906369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2026.1906369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate shade selection is essential for aesthetic dental restorations and relies on the clinician's color perception. Color vision deficiency (CVD) may impair this ability, yet data on its prevalence and clinical impact among dentists in Saudi Arabia are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CVD and its association with shade-matching accuracy.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 150 dental students, interns, general dentists, and specialists. Color vision was assessed using the Ishihara test and categorized as normal, borderline, or red-green CVD. Shade-matching accuracy was evaluated using the VITA Classical Shade Guide under standardized lighting. Group differences were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with <i>post-hoc</i> Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and Holm adjustment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Normal color vision was observed in 78.7% of participants, 6.0% had red-green CVD, and 15.3% showed borderline findings. Shade-matching accuracy differed significantly across groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with the highest accuracy in participants with normal color vision and the lowest in those with red-green CVD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CVD is present among dentists in Saudi Arabia and is associated with reduced shade-matching accuracy. Awareness of color vision status may be important in dental education and clinical practice. Routine color vision screening may therefore be warranted as part of dental education curricula and pre-clinical training programmes to identify clinicians who may benefit from corrective strategies or instrument-assisted shade matching.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"7 ","pages":"1906369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral health status in children with autism spectrum disorder in Almaty, Kazakhstan.","authors":"Zh Yerkibayeva, G Yermukhanova, K Saduakasova, S Yessembayeva, Y Menchisheva, K Rakhimov, Zh Abu","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2026.1928744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2026.1928744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to characterize oral health status, oral hygiene practices, and caregiver-reported dental care experiences among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Almaty, Kazakhstan, and to describe caregiver awareness and practices related to oral care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional pilot study included 53 children aged 3-18 years with a confirmed ASD diagnosis recruited from the \"Autism Pobedim\" rehabilitation center in Almaty. Clinical examinations assessed caries using the DMFT/dmft and CAST indices and oral hygiene using the OHI-S index. A study-specific 36-item caregiver questionnaire collected information on home oral hygiene, dental care experiences, and selected developmental characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 24.5% of children brushed their teeth twice daily, and most required parental assistance. Overall, 30.2% had never visited a dentist, while 58.5% of caregivers reported major difficulties during dental visits. Reported management approaches in the sample included physical restraint, sedation, and general anesthesia. Overall, 39.6% of children had received completed dental treatment. In addition, 71.7% consumed sweets between meals and only 17.0% rinsed their mouths after eating. Although 75.5% of caregivers reported checking toothpaste composition, professional guidance on oral hygiene was limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this single-center sample, children with ASD had a substantial burden of dental caries, suboptimal home oral hygiene, limited independent oral care, and caregiver-reported challenges during dental treatment. These exploratory findings support larger multicenter studies and further evaluation of tailored preventive, caregiver-education, and behavior-support strategies for children with ASD in Kazakhstan.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"7 ","pages":"1928744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the CO₂ laser on enamel surface roughness after debonding ceramic brackets and the application of nanohydroxyapatite: <i>in-vitro</i> study.","authors":"A Mar-Ramírez, L E Rodríguez Vilchis, R J Scougall-Vilchis, M Nagayama, R Contreras Bulnes","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2026.1912248","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2026.1912248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate the effect of the CO₂ laser on enamel surface roughness after debonding ceramic brackets and applying nanohydroxyapatite.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Sixty extracted premolars were randomly assigned to four groups (<i>n</i> = 15): G1, G2, G3, G4. Ceramic brackets were bonded to the buccal surface for G1 and G2 groups. Before debonding, the CO₂ laser group (G2) was irradiated with a power of 6 W for 5 s; shear bond strength was calculated using a universal testing machine and the adhesive remnant index with a stereomicroscope. Enamel roughness for the four groups was assessed using a profilometer; then, each group was subdivided for the application of nanohydroxyapatite paste and stored in saliva or deionized water. The surfaces were re-evaluated after 15, 30, and 60 days; the Friedman and Nemenyi <i>post-hoc</i> tests were used for statistical analysis, while Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's multiple comparison <i>post-hoc</i> tests with Holm's correction adjustment to compare between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The group irradiated with CO₂ laser significantly reduced bond strength and roughness parameters upon debonding compared to the bracket group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in roughness reduction between the group treated with the CO₂ laser and the application of nanohydroxyapatite paste; however, the surface roughness decreased in the bracket group G1b.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CO₂ laser irradiation reduced the force required for debonding ceramic brackets and minimized enamel surface roughness compared with conventional debonding. This contributes to the development of enamel-preserving orthodontic treatments; however, this property does not improve when applying nanohydroxyapatite paste.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"7 ","pages":"1912248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13612296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Esthetic rehabilitation of traumatic enamel defects using resin infiltration and microabrasion: a two-case report.","authors":"Samreena Kalander, Aravind R Kudva, M S Prathap, Nihala Mariyam, Aysath Aphiya A","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2026.1924961","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2026.1924961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Localized trauma-associated developmental enamel defects and non-cavitated enamel opacities in the anterior dentition can produce marked esthetic concerns, particularly when associated with childhood trauma to primary teeth and subsequent defects in permanent successors. Conventional restorative treatment may require unnecessary removal of sound enamel, whereas minimally invasive approaches aim to preserve tooth structure while improving optical integration. This case report describes two de-identified male patients aged 17 and 18 years who presented with whitish-brown discoloration and uncomplicated crown fractures involving maxillary anterior teeth. Both patients reported a history of childhood trauma, and clinical examination revealed localized enamel hypoplasia affecting teeth 21 and 22, associated with Ellis Class I and II fractures. A staged esthetic treatment protocol was performed using rubber dam isolation, enamel microabrasion with 6.6% hydrochloric acid slurry containing silicon carbide microparticles, resin infiltration and selective direct composite restoration where required. Etch-dry cycles were repeated according to the clinical optical response before resin infiltration. Five cycles were performed in Case 1, whereas in Case 2 the sequence was repeated according to the residual opacity, although the exact number of repetitions was not documented. In both cases, the combined approach produced immediate reduction in opacity, improved enamel masking, restoration of natural morphology, and satisfactory esthetic integration with adjacent enamel. Follow-up showed stable esthetic outcomes without postoperative sensitivity, pain, or periodontal complications, and both patients reported satisfaction with the esthetic outcome of treatment. These cases demonstrate that enamel microabrasion combined with resin infiltration and selective composite augmentation can be an effective minimally invasive option for managing traumatic localized enamel hypoplasia in the esthetic zone.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"7 ","pages":"1924961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13612351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}