Frontiers in allergy最新文献

{"title":"From skin testing to molecular diagnostics: the precision leap in dust mite allergy diagnosis and clinical translation challenges.","authors":"Ming Han, Jindan Luo, Wenjing Zhou, Shuhui Wen, Yi Zhou, Yanjuan Ye, Xiaoli Ge","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1598575","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1598575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dust mites are ubiquitous in human living environments and represent the primary source of indoor air allergens worldwide. They are capable of triggering allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and other allergic conditions. Long-term avoidance of dust mite allergens should decrease sensitization, significantly improves skin lesions, and reduces both the development and severity of respiratory diseases. Therefore, early diagnosis of dust mite allergy is critical for effective treatment and intervention. This review summarizes the existing methods for detecting dust mite allergy, which include both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> approaches-such as skin prick testing(SPT), atopy patch testing(APT), provocation tests, basophil activation test (BAT), and molecular component-resolved diagnostics(CRD)-and analyzes the underlying principles, advantages, and limitations of each method to serve as a reference for the development of future detection methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1598575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12176741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute airway eosinophilic inflammation model in mice induced by ovalbumin, house dust mite, or shrimp tropomyosin: a comparative study.","authors":"Liangyu Xu, Zichen Wei, Rongfang Wu, Siqi Kong, Jinlian Bin, Yuxin Gao, Lei Fang","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1594028","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1594028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ovalbumin (OVA) and house dust mite (HDM) are widely used allergenic proteins in murine models of allergic asthma. In our previous studies, shrimp tropomyosin (ST) was shown to induce type I hypersensitivity, including asthma-like responses. Here, we compared airway eosinophilic inflammation models induced by OVA, HDM, or ST using a protocol of three intraperitoneal (i.p.) sensitizations followed by a single intratracheal (i.t.) allergen challenge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>C57BL/6J mice were sensitized via three i.p. injections of OVA, HDM, or ST mixed with Al(OH)₃, followed by a single i.t. challenge with the respective allergen. Lung transcriptomic analysis, plasma IgE levels, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cell counts, cytokine and chemokine mRNA levels, and histopathological assessments were performed to evaluate airway inflammation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A single i.t. challenge with ST or HDM significantly increased the lung-to-body weight ratio, eosinophil infiltration, and mucus hypersecretion, accompanied by elevated mRNA levels of Th2 cytokines (<i>Il-4</i>, <i>Il-5</i>, <i>Il-13</i>) and increased the total cell count and eosinophil count in the BAL fluid. In contrast, OVA induced only mild eosinophilic inflammation, suggesting that repeated exposures may be required to elicit a robust allergic response. RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR further identified key chemokines associated with eosinophil recruitment (<i>Ccl-11</i>, <i>Ccl-24</i>), Th2 polarization (<i>Ccl-17</i>), and neutrophil activation (<i>Cxcl-1</i>).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A single i.t. challenge of ST, similar to HDM, exhibits a potent ability to induce eosinophilic inflammation and Th2-type immune responses in a murine model of allergic asthma, surpassing the effects of OVA.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1594028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Two cases of hereditary angioedema in a Chinese family.","authors":"Yuanli Guo, Manli Qi, Jinluan Ding","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1587904","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1587904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a life-threatening condition characterized by repeated asymmetric cutaneous and mucosal edema. It is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease with a mortality rate of 8.6%. Family survey of HAE in China is seldom reported since it is still under recognized.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We reported two cases of HAE and a family survey conducted in Hebei Province, China. The proband was a woman who had edema for over 7 years. She was diagnosed with type I HAE in her 50s after a life-threatening asphyxia attack. Her elder brother was initially diagnosed with mild symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two diagnosed and three suspected patients were identified in our family survey. Family surveys are important method for identifying asymptomatic patients and preventing attacks. It is valuable for rescuing people from sudden death, particularly from asphyxia.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1587904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplex IgE peanut panels: a critical appraisal of assay designs and the good, the bad, and the ugly features of the applied allergen components.","authors":"D de Boer, C J J Bijnens, M C Slot, C M G Nieuwhof, J A P Bons","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1515294","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1515294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiplex allergy assays are currently well-established in allergy diagnostics. However, the different assays in terms of designs and performance are also claimed to be heterogeneous as no agreed standards and requirements are available.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to compare the analytical assay designs of the ISAC, ALEX, and EUROLINE peanut (Ara h) panels and the features of the applied isoallergens and variants to create more awareness of the heterogeneity of multiplex allergy assays.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multi-source survey in publicly available data sources and among manufacturers and performed correlation studies using patients' serum samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey proved that the panels are indeed very heterogeneous in many ways, especially regarding the allergen component origin and isoallergen composition. Despite that, we found adequate correlations between IgE against the clinically relevant Ara h storage proteins measured by the panels. However, for the clinically relevant lipid transfer protein Ara h 9, the correlations were less adequate, which could be caused by the different Ara h 9 isoallergens used in the studied panels. For cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs), the results were complicated, which also corresponds to the complex nature of CCDs and the different inhibition procedures. The detection of subpopulations of patients for all panallergens illustrated the heterogeneous nature of peanut IgE in general and of the peanut panels studied. Regarding the overall features provided for the three panels, we classified the peanut allergen components and CCDs by their good, bad, and even ugly features when used within these panels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Knowledge of the origin and respective isoallergen specifications of the peanut allergen components including the exact CCD composition is essential. Together with that of the variants, this should be documented more adequately in scientific studies and in the respective instructions for the use of multiplex allergy assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1515294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing allergy diagnosis: mass spectrometry as a complementary technique to the basophil activation test.","authors":"Nicole Wheeler, Miloslav Sanda, Lanya Rasool, Noha Elemary, Arda Alpan, Hamed Safi, Denise Loizou, Matthew Plassmeyer, Mikell Paige, Soren Ulrik Sonder, Oral Alpan, Michael Girgis","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1568670","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1568670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate diagnostic tools for allergic conditions are essential for effective treatment. Traditional methods, such as skin prick tests (SPT) and specific IgE measurements are widely used, but they have limitations in sensitivity and specificity for certain allergens. While the Basophil Activation Test (BAT) offers improved specificity, particularly for allergens such as peanuts and sesame, its practicality and accessibility remain challenges. Mass spectrometry (MS) has recently gained recognition as a promising complementary tool in allergy diagnostics, offering high analytical precision and the capability to detect a wide range of allergen-specific biomarkers. This review explores the integration of MS into allergy diagnostics, emphasizing its potential to enhance BAT applications, particularly for non-responders. We discuss the underlying mechanisms, recent research highlighting its efficacy, and the technical challenges that must be addressed for clinical adoption. Additionally, we examine the standardization requirements and ethical considerations necessary for MS to become a routine diagnostic tool. Finally, we consider the future of allergy diagnostics, highlighting how MS technology could contribute to more precise, personalized, and patient-centered care in allergy management.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1568670"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12162513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluticasone propionate in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP): an artificial intelligence-driven consensus.","authors":"Emilio Avallone, Raffaella Iannella, Antonella Di Lullo, Michele Grasso, Salvatore Musto, Enzo Piermichele Troncone, Giuseppe Tortoriello, Bernardino Cassiano, Simona Nappi, Gianluca Bava, Giovanna Piazzetta, Giovanni Tomacelli, Aurelio D'Ecclesia, Giacomo Spinato, Giacomo Matrone, Doriano Politi, Carlo De Luca, Claudio Caporale, Livio Presutti, Gabriele Molteni, Ernesto Pasquini, Francesco Panu, Simonetta Masieri, Stefano Di Girolamo, Giulio Cesare Passali, Luca de Campora, Giandomenico Maggiore, Domenico Di Maria","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1594655","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1594655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fluticasone propionate (FP) is a topical corticosteroid used to treat rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). However, the need for a consensus on its use stems from the increasing focus on optimizing topical therapies to improve clinical outcomes and minimize systemic side effects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The Butterfly Decisions AI platform facilitated the collection and integration of evaluations and feedback, facilitating an expert consensus on 13 statements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants agreed highly on the different statements. The experts agreed that FP effectively reduces the need for surgery and controls the symptoms of CRSwNP. The use of advanced delivery systems significantly improved drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes. Treatment with FP was associated with a reduction in the recurrence of nasal polyps and an improvement in the patient's quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FP, as other equal corticosteroids, represents a first-line local therapy for patients with CRSwNP without complicating comorbidities due to its high efficacy and low systemic bioavailability. The Butterfly Decisions platform has demonstrated the effectiveness of integrating AI tools into clinical decision-making, improving the transparency and objectivity of assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1594655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144287432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of tryptase genotyping in the screening, diagnosis, and management of systemic mastocytosis.","authors":"Jeremy C McMurray, Brandon J Schornack, Joaquin Villar, Tracy I George, Nathan A Boggs","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1599358","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1599358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tryptase genotyping has an expanding role in the screening, diagnosis, and management of patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM). Reference ranges for basal serum tryptase (BST) based on increased <i>TPSAB1</i> gene copy number can guide whether a patient's BST value is normal according to their specific tryptase genotype. Patients with an elevated BST based upon their tryptase genotype should be offered a bone marrow biopsy with sample evaluation by a hematopathologist. Tryptase genotyping is required when assessing patients for the WHO minor criterion, BST > 20 ng/ml, especially in those with monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome, bone marrow mastocytosis (BMM), and indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM) when the major criterion is not met. Additionally, in patients with non-advanced SM, tryptase genotyping helps determine whether a patient with hereditary-alpha tryptasemia (HαT) has BMM with a BST < 125 ng/ml or fulfills the B-finding of BST > 200 ng/ml through application of a correction factor. Understanding a patient's BST level based upon their tryptase genotype also is helpful in guiding when to pursue a repeat bone marrow biopsy in patients with SM treated with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). However, TKIs have variable KIT D816V as well as wild type KIT inhibition. Given this variable KIT inhibition, ongoing and future clinical trials with selective TKIs should report whether patients with SM and HαT experience normalization or persistent elevation of BST values as this is essential in understanding the expected treatment response and when to assess for pathological remission in the bone marrow.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1599358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Urticaria and mimickers of urticaria.","authors":"R Maximiliano Gomez, Beré Kezia Mahoney","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1625291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2025.1625291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1625291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Preventing childhood asthma-the neglected impact of existing public health interventions.","authors":"David M Patrick, Stuart E Turvey, Meghan B Azad, Petra Zimmermann, Angela Dramowski, Hannah Lishman","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1621332","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1621332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1621332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12141241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steroid-sparing benefits of biologic use in hypereosinophilic syndrome and substantial disease burden across subtypes.","authors":"Jeremiah Hwee, Lynn Huynh, Wilson da Costa, Marc E Rothenberg, Mei Sheng Duh, Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1605397","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1605397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited data exist on the burden of myeloproliferative, lymphocytic and idiopathic subtypes of hypereosinophilic syndrome (M-HES, L-HES and I-HES) and the characteristics of patients with HES receiving biologic therapies. This analysis aimed to further characterize these subtypes and explore the impact of biologics in a real-world European setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a <i>post hoc</i> subgroup analysis of a retrospective, non-interventional, chart review (GSK ID: 214657) across five European countries. Index date was first clinical visit during January 2015-December 2019 (after or at time of HES diagnosis). Patients with HES aged ≥6 years with ≥1-year follow-up from index were included. Demographics, disease characteristics, diagnostic assessments, comorbidities, types of treatment, clinical manifestations, clinical outcomes and HES-related healthcare resource utilization were summarized for HES overall and subtypes. Oral corticosteroid (OCS) use and clinical manifestations/outcomes were assessed 12-months pre- and post-biologics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 280 patients with I-HES (<i>n</i> = 155), M-HES (<i>n</i> = 66), L-HES (<i>n</i> = 42) and chronic eosinophilic leukemia (<i>n</i> = 2). The most common clinical manifestations were fatigue (54.2% I-HES, 52.4% L-HES, 42.4% M-HES), skin itch (36.4% M-HES, 35.7% L-HES, 33.5% I-HES) and pain (31.0% L-HES, 30.3% M-HES, 27.1% I-HES). Biologic use was highest with L-HES (64.3%), followed by I-HES (43.9%) and M-HES (34.8%). Clinical response rates were highest for the I-HES subtype (75.5%; 66.7% L-HES, 63.6% M-HES). Hospitalizations were highest for L-HES (45.2%; 30.3% M-HES, 25.8% I-HES). The annualized rate of OCS prescriptions reduced by 56.8% (0.44-0.19 per person-year) and the proportion of patients with ≥1 clinical response increased 3.6-fold (6.5%-23.4%) between the pre- and post-biologics periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All HES subtypes had a substantial disease burden and were commonly associated with fatigue, skin itch and pain. I-HES appeared to be more responsive to treatment than L-HES and M-HES. Biologic use for HES led to more patients experiencing clinical responses and was OCS-sparing.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1605397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}