Frontiers in allergy最新文献

{"title":"Two combinations of house dust mite allergens show similar performance than extracts for asthma diagnosis.","authors":"Victoria Marrugo, Josefina Zakzuk, Randy Reina, Karen Donado, Ronald Regino, Isabel Gil, Caterine Meza, Dilia Mercado, Enrique Fernández-Caldas, Leonardo Puerta, Nathalie Acevedo, Luis Caraballo","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1816013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2026.1816013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Molecular allergy diagnostics for house dust mite (HDM) sensitization includes both allergenic molecules and extracts, but extracts have batch-to-batch variability, incomplete allergen representation and cross-reactivity, which confound results and reduces test accuracy. However, although using extract-free arrays could solve these problems, there is no study that formally supports this change. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance and clinical relevance of measuring specific IgE to <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> and <i>Blomia tropicalis</i> extracts vs. two allergen combinations, Blo t 2/Blo t 5/Blo t 21 and Der p 1/Der p 2/Der p 23.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 201 adults with asthma and matched controls, diagnostic performance of specific IgE towards molecular allergen combinations and extracts were compared using receiver operator characteristics analysis, with physician-diagnosed asthma as reference standard. Associations between specific IgE (extracts and combinations) and type 2 inflammation biomarkers (fractional exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophils) were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Specific IgE frequencies and levels were higher in patients. Allergen combinations and extracts showed equivalent performance. The area under the curve of the combination Blo t 2/Blo t 5/Blo t 21 was similar to that of the <i>B. tropicalis</i> extract: 0.783 and 0.808 respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.42). Likewise, the area under the curve of the combination Der p 1/Der p 2/Der p 23 was 0.793 and that of extract was 0.788 (<i>p</i> = 0.8). Notably, IgE response to <i>D. pteronyssinus</i> allergens was more specific than the extract and significantly associated with fractional exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophils.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings provide, for the first time, direct evidence that specific allergen combinations have similar diagnostic performance to HDM extracts in molecular diagnostics, improving test accuracy and supporting a shift toward standardized, molecular-resolved diagnostic strategies. In addition, we found that allergen combinations, and not HDM extracts, are strongly associated with type 2 inflammation biomarkers, supporting their use for personalized asthma management.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1816013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13106470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between allergic rhinitis and sleep disorders and mental health.","authors":"Xiaoning Feng, Zhaowei Gu, Yunxiu Wang","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1806555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2026.1806555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent IgE-mediated chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa worldwide. Its incidence is continuously increasing and has become one of the important chronic diseases affecting public health. Recent studies have gradually revealed that AR not only presents with local symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and nasal itching, but is also closely related to a wide range of physical and mental health problems, especially mental and psychological disorders (such as anxiety and depression) and decreased sleep quality. There is a complex two-way or even circular interaction between these three factors. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms of AR, and focuses on exploring the association pathways and potential mechanisms between AR and mental health as well as sleep disorders, including neuroimmune regulation (such as inflammatory mediators, HPA axis function), psychological and behavioral factors, and social function impairment. Based on this, the article further summarizes the assessment tools and multimodal intervention strategies for mental and psychological problems and sleep disorders in AR patients, covering drug treatment, psychotherapy, sleep hygiene education, and comprehensive health management, etc. This article integrates current evidence and provides a theoretical framework for a comprehensive understanding of the multi-dimensional impact of AR, and offers references for comprehensive assessment and individualized intervention in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1806555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13106524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward personalized prediction: a multicenter machine learning model for omalizumab response duration in moderate-to-severe perennial allergic rhinitis.","authors":"Ziqi Miao, Lin Dong, Jin Liu, Le Li, Xiang Dong, Shuchen Zhang, Rongfei Zhu, Yuqin Deng","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1784032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2026.1784032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Omalizumab effectively improves quality of life in patients with moderate-to-severe perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) uncontrolled by conventional medications. However, the duration of its efficacy remains unclear, and there is a lack of effective tools for individualized prediction.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify predictors of Omalizumab duration of efficacy in moderate-to-severe PAR patients, then develop and validate an interpretable, machine learning-based predictive model to forecast the duration of efficacy following treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter retrospective study included 561 patients with moderate-to-severe PAR treated with Omalizumab at three clinical institutions. The trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2500112034. Patient characteristics included age, sex, serum total IgE concentration, serum specific IgE (sIgE) concentrations including <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> (D1) and <i>Dermatophagoides farina</i> (D2), comorbid conditions (asthma, urticaria, conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis), and injection frequency. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were employed to investigate independent predictors of Omalizumab efficacy, with restricted cubic splines for dose-response analysis. Five survival machine learning models (CPH, XGBoost, RSF, SSVM, CoxBoost) were constructed and compared by comprehensive metrics. The optimal model was interpreted using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and deployed as an online web application.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Univariate Cox regression identified age, D1, D2, asthma and injection frequency as independent factors affecting Omalizumab efficacy duration. Multivariate analysis did not confirm D2 as significant. Dose-response analysis demonstrated enhanced protective effects beyond four injections. Among the five models, RSF demonstrated robust predictive performance. SHAP analysis identified injection frequency, age, D1, D2, and coexisting asthma as the most critical factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study developed and validated a machine learning-based model capable of forecasting the duration of Omalizumab efficacy in moderate-to-severe PAR based on readily available clinical variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1784032"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13106427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Biologics for airway diseases: from bench to bedside.","authors":"Andreas M Matthaiou, Nikoleta Bizymi, Dina Visca, Lena Uller, Nikolaos G Papadopoulos, Alexander G Mathioudakis","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1840104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2026.1840104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1840104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13106436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-session asthma curriculum for all K-8th grade students: impact on knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy.","authors":"Caroline Luff, Alexandra Knitter, Bolanle Ogbara, LaToya Gregory, Monica Kowalczyk, Anna Volerman","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1667661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2026.1667661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schools are critical places to support children with asthma. Few school-based interventions focus on classmates without asthma, who can influence peers' asthma self-management.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe a one-session asthma curriculum for all Kindergarten-8th grade students and evaluate impact on knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In collaboration with three Chicago schools, we adapted and implemented a one-session asthma curriculum for K-8th grades. Students completed a post-session survey to assess asthma knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy. Pearson's Chi-squared tests analyzed differences between grades and student-reported asthma diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 603 students participated in a session, of which 485 completed the survey; 19% reported having asthma. Most students correctly answered knowledge questions on pathophysiology (82%), transmission (79%), symptoms (65%), triggers (65%), medication use (90%), and episode management (51%). More older students understood pathophysiology (85% vs. 72%, <i>p</i> = 0.002), medication use (93% vs. 83%, <i>p</i> = 0.002), and episode management (55% vs. 31%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), vs. younger students. Of all students, 83% indicated positive attitudes about asthma care and 49% about physical activity participation, with differences based on grade (asthma care: older 86% vs. younger 74%, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and diagnosis (physical activity participation: asthma 63% vs. no asthma 45%, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Most students indicated positive self-efficacy to help classmates with asthma episodes (74%), with more younger students doing so than older students (83% vs. 71%, <i>p</i> = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Students had high asthma knowledge and self-efficacy after a one-session all-student asthma curriculum; attitudes were mixed. School-based asthma education is feasible and has positive outcomes for all K-8th grade students.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1667661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of sputum neutrophilia on the efficacy of biologics in severe asthma.","authors":"Patrizia Pignatti, Martina Zappa, Francesco Ardesi, Marco Vanetti, Rosella Centis, Antonio Spanevello, Dina Visca","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1789783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2026.1789783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with severe asthma have new therapeutic opportunities with biologic agents, reducing exacerbation rates, symptom scores, and oral corticosteroid use; however, their effects on lung function appear to be variable. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and inflammatory outcomes of biologic therapy in patients with severe asthma, stratified according to baseline bronchial inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective observational study in patients with severe asthma at 6 and 12 months after initiation of biologic therapy. Patients were categorized according to their baseline airway inflammatory profile. The inflammatory biomarkers evaluated included induced sputum, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and peripheral blood leukocyte counts. Lung function, comorbidities, exacerbation rate, and asthma control (assessed by ACQ-6 and ACT) were also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 113 patients with severe asthma were analyzed. Patients with a paucigranulocytic pattern were excluded from further analyses due to their small number (<i>n</i> = 10). Among the remaining subjects (<i>n</i> = 103), 62.8% exhibited an eosinophilic pattern, 13.3% a mixed granulocytic pattern, and 15.0% a neutrophilic pattern. Most neutrophilic patients (82.7%) presented elevated type 2 (T2) biomarkers (FeNO and/or blood eosinophils). Differences in baseline biomarkers and comorbidities reflected the underlying airway inflammatory patterns; forced vital capacity (FVC, L) was lower in neutrophilic patients compared with the other groups. Neutrophilic patients had higher frequencies of obstructive sleep apnea and lower chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps than eosinophilic subjects. During follow-up, all patients showed a significant reduction in their ability to produce sputum (<i>p</i> < 0.001), as well as significant decreases in exacerbation rate and symptom burden. Eosinophilic and mixed granulocytic patients exhibited significant improvements in lung function, whereas neutrophilic patients did not. Only eosinophilic patients showed a significant reduction in airway inflammation. Oral corticosteroid doses decreased across all groups, but significantly only in eosinophilic patients. Clinical and inflammatory improvements were observed after 6 months of biologic therapy, with no further significant changes at 12 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After 12 months of biologic therapy, patients showed phenotype-dependent responses, with neutrophilic patients demonstrating smaller clinical and inflammatory improvements compared with those with eosinophilic or mixed granulocytic phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1789783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13099925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women hormones and hypersensitivity: allergic diseases in menopause.","authors":"Elitsa Valerieva, Mariela Vasileva, Krasimira Baynova, Borislava Krusheva, Elena Petkova, Miroslava Nenova, Plamena Novakova, Maria Staevska, Stefan Cimbollek, Anna Valerieva","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1777688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2026.1777688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Menopause is a midlife endocrinological transition that profoundly affects immune regulation, vascular function, and tissue homeostasis, influencing the onset, severity, and clinical expression of allergic diseases. Declining and fluctuating estrogen and progesterone levels modulate mast-cell activity, T2 inflammation, and vascular permeability, contributing to distinct phenotypes in asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic cough, skin allergies, drug hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis, and angioedema. Clinical observations suggest menopause may exacerbate existing conditions or trigger new-onset disease, with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) potentially modifying disease trajectories. Obesity, comorbidities, polypharmacy, and age-related physiological changes further shape symptom patterns and therapeutic responses. Despite increasing recognition of these effects, mechanistic understanding remains limited, and evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis, management, and individualized therapy in peri- and postmenopausal women are scarce. This review synthesizes current knowledge on hormonal influences in allergic diseases, highlights menopause-specific clinical considerations, and identifies major research gaps. Understanding the interplay between sex hormones, immune function, and allergic disease expression is critical for optimizing care. Clinicians should integrate peri-/menopause status into assessment and management, and future research should aim to clarify pathophysiologic mechanisms, risk factors, and tailored interventions for women in midlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1777688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13099772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Clinical and molecular aspects of managing chronic urticaria: identifying endotypes, phenotypes, and factors determining responses and resistance to treatment.","authors":"Andac Salman, Indrashis Podder, Jonny Peter, Ana Maria Gimenez-Arnau","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1823731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2026.1823731","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1823731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Allergies in focus, tales from the less explored world: prevalence, allergens, and treatment strategies in Latin America and Africa.","authors":"Renata Curciarello, Cecilia I Muglia, Paola L Smaldini","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1830021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2026.1830021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1830021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: Mechanisms for <i>Alternaria alternata</i> function in the skin during induction of peanut allergy in neonatal mice with skin barrier mutations.","authors":"","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1842963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2026.1842963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.677019.].</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1842963"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13085828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}