Frontiers in allergy最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of neutrophil infiltration in the acute canine atopic dermatitis model.","authors":"Chie Tamamoto-Mochizuki, Santosh K Mishra","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1716716","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1716716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition associated with chronic itch and inflammation in both humans and animals. While this disease depends upon various immune cell types, the precise role and kinetics of neutrophils remain elusive, particularly in relevant large-animal models. Given a recent report suggesting the involvement of neutrophils in a mouse model, we aimed to characterize the temporal presence and infiltration of these cells in a canine model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced AD. AD was induced in canines via HDM exposure, and skin biopsies were analyzed over a time course (0-96 h) using standard H&E staining and specific immunofluorescent (IF) staining for canine neutrophils. Our results showed general cellular infiltration with the H&E method, while IF further confirmed detectable neutrophil immunoreactivity starting between 24 and 96 h post-challenge in atopic skin. Quantitation demonstrated a significant increase in neutrophil infiltration (cells/mm²) in atopic skin at 48 h following HDM exposure compared to baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.041). Collectively, our data confirms time-dependent infiltration of neutrophils into the skin of the canine AD model following allergen challenge, supporting the hypothesis that this previously overlooked immune cell may play a role in the acute phase of AD pathogenesis and sensitization.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1716716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12748179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps: the state-of-the-art of current treatment strategies and future developments.","authors":"Emanuele Nappi, Valentina Marzio, Francesco Giombi, Giulia Costanzo, Stefania Merli, Selene Nicolosi, Edoardo Cavaglià, Fabio Lodi Rizzini, Serena Traversi, Alessandro Vrenna, Sofia Vassallo, Gian Marco Pace, Carlo Lombardi, Carlo Maria Rossi, Francesca Puggioni, Luca Malvezzi, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Giovanni Paoletti, Enrico Heffler","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1714577","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1714577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) management has undergone substantial transformation, shifting from conventional symptom-focused treatments to precision medicine strategies grounded on molecular insights. The introduction of biologic agents has significantly changed the therapeutic landscape for CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), directly addressing key inflammatory pathways and leading to marked reductions in nasal polyp burden, overall disease impact, and corticosteroid use. Concerns regarding long-term effectiveness, financial burden, and accessibility remain unresolved. Advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying CRS are paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, with increasing attention now also being directed toward the phenotype without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), which currently lacks targeted therapies. Despite progress in pharmacologic therapies, surgery remains a fundamental treatment option, with ongoing efforts to standardize surgical approaches and evaluate novel techniques. Optimizing the integration of surgical and medical therapies while expanding access to novel treatments represents a key future goal in CRS care. This review aims to guide researchers and clinicians through the evolving landscape of CRS management, covering the latest evidence on established and emerging therapies, offering practical insights into endotyping, and highlighting important considerations for the management of severe or refractory cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1714577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12746665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world retrospective study on the efficacy and safety of anti-IgE therapy combined with rush immunotherapy in allergic asthma.","authors":"Wenchao Zhang, Dan Liu, Wenjin Du, Zhaoji Meng, Xianghua Lin, Weili Guo, Yuanxi Jin, Siqin Wang, Qiuxing Zhang","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1717446","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1717446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on the combination of biologics with rush immunotherapy (RIT) remains scarce, particularly regarding safety and efficacy data in pediatric and hypersensitive populations undergoing rapid desensitization or concurrent biologic therapy. Furthermore, regarding RIT, it remains unclear which patients can effectively reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions when combined with biologics, and which patients fail to achieve such a reduction with this combination therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 202 patients with mite-induced allergic asthma (2018-2024) receiving RIT alone (<i>n</i> = 133) or omalizumab-pretreated RIT (RIT + Omb-pre, <i>n</i> = 69). Stratified analyses were conducted based on age, mite sIgE levels, total IgE(T-IgE) levels, and sIgE to T-IgE ratios. Outcomes included systemic adverse reaction (SR) rates, RIT completion rates, improvements in clinical parameters following omalizumab intervention, and 1-year follow-up efficacy across subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both regimens were well tolerated, with no grade ≥3 SRs observed. Compared to RIT alone, RIT + Omb-pre significantly reduced SR incidence (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and showed a trend toward higher target peak concentration completion rates (<i>p</i> = 0.054). Age-stratified analysis revealed higher SR risks in children/teenager patients vs. adults. Subgroup analyses further demonstrated that SR incidence correlated positively with mite sIgE levels and sIgE/T-IgE ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but not with T-IgE. Patients with low-risk biomarkers (sIgE grades 1-2 and sIgE/T-IgE <10%) exhibited minimal SR incidence unaffected by omalizumab, whereas high-risk subgroups (sIgE grades 3-6 and sIgE/T-IgE ≥10%) showed significantly elevated SR incidence, which was markedly mitigated by omalizumab (<i>p</i> < 0.05).Subgroup with sIgE/T-IgE ratios >16% achieved substantially greater improvements in ACQ scores and daily medication burden compared to those with ratios <16% during the 12-month intervention. Furthermore, this study reaffirmed the age-dependent efficacy correlation, with pediatric patients demonstrating superior therapeutic outcomes to adult patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Regarding the safety of dust mite rush immunotherapy for allergic asthma, Omalizumab significantly reduces the incidence of SRs in high-risk populations (sIgE grades 3-6 and sIgE/T-IgE ≥10%), whereas it demonstrates limited efficacy in low-risk subgroups (sIgE grades 1-2 and sIgE/T-IgE <10%).</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1717446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12745253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of intestinal barrier impairment with symptom severity and washed microbiota transplantation outcomes in atopic dermatitis patients.","authors":"Ye-Dong Lao, Hong-Ying Zhang, Yao Cai, Min-Min Chen, Li-Hao Wu, Xing-Xiang He, Wan-Ying Deng","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1680658","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1680658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We hypothesized that intestinal barrier impairment is a key pathophysiological feature in AD and that the degree of baseline barrier dysfunction, reflected by serum D-lactate levels, predicts the clinical response to Washed Microbiota Transplantation (WMT). This study aimed to test these hypotheses by investigating the association between intestinal barrier biomarkers and AD severity, and their correlation with WMT outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared intestinal barrier biomarkers (D-lactate, endotoxin, and diamine oxidase) between 24 AD patients and 23 healthy donors. Additionally, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of 14 AD patients who underwent WMT therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AD patients exhibited significantly elevated intestinal barrier biomarkers compared to healthy donors (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Following WMT, significant improvements were observed in SCORAD, EASI, and NRS scores (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In exploratory, uncorrected analyses, baseline D-lactate levels showed a significant negative correlation with improvements in SCORAD (<i>R</i> = -0.738, <i>p</i> = 0.037) and NRS scores (<i>R</i> = -0.650, <i>p</i> = 0.012), suggesting that higher pre-treatment levels might predict greater symptom relief. Microbiota analysis revealed a increase in Acidaminococcus and decreases in <i>Ruminococcus_gnavus_group</i>, <i>Flavonifractor,</i> and <i>Norank_f_Oscillospiraceae</i> following WMT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirms significant intestinal barrier dysfunction in AD and demonstrates the potential clinical efficacy of WMT. The strong, uncorrected correlations suggest that pre-treatment D-lactate level warrants further investigation as a candidate biomarker for predicting WMT response. The clinical benefits occurred alongside a restructuring of the gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1680658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12722839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145828955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life is impaired in shrimp allergic adults and caregivers.","authors":"Melissa L Hearrell, Sara Anvari, Sharon Chinthrajah, Sana Hasan, David P Huston, Evan Li, Chen-Hsing Lin, Edwin Kim, Andreas L Lopata, Sarbjit Singh Saini, Sayantani Sindher, Panida Sriaroon, Bin Su, Julie Wang, Carla M Davis","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1622538","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1622538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) allergies (SA) can result in allergic reactions ranging from life threatening severe anaphylaxis to oral allergy syndrome. SA may pose lifestyle restrictions on daily life and interfere with social relationships and school performance, but this has not been thoroughly investigated. We examined the QoL in SA adults and caregivers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A QoL online questionnaire adapted from the validated Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ) was administered between September 30, 2023-July 15, 2024 to adults and caregivers of at least one SA child. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Fisher exact test were used to determine QoL and desire for treatment in SA subjects. Comparisons were made between SA adults with and without children with SA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-six participants completed the survey. Sixty-four (74%) SA adults did not have SA children, and 6 (7%) were SA adults with SA children. Eighty-one percent of SA adults found SA at least moderately to extremely troublesome, and 83% felt other people underestimated problems caused by SA. Seventy percent of SA adults were interested/very interested in a treatment and, of those interested, 47% wanted treatment to enable eating a serving size of shrimp. The small cohort of SA adults with a SA child may have been more likely to have concerns about allergic reaction compared to SA adults without a SA child. [OR, 4.4 (CI, 1-21)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SA adults report impaired QoL and a desire for treatment to eat a serving size of shrimp. The majority of SA people have impaired QoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1622538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12719276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of low salicylate diet and blood salicylate level on the symptom control of chronic spontaneous urticaria.","authors":"Sercan Guloglu, Ayse Bilge Ozturk, Said Incir, Betul Buyuktiryaki, Asli Gelincik, Semra Demir, Ebru Arik Yilmaz, Pinar Uysal, Mustafa Arga, Ozlem Cavkaytar, Reyhan Gumusburun, Tugba Gokce, Merve Poyraz, Ayse Baccioglu, Emek Kocaturk, Tuba Reçber, Emirhan Nemutlu, Cansin Sackesen","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1687600","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1687600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Up to 30% of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) patients and 24% of children with CSU may have an NSAIDs-exacerbated cutaneous disease (NECD). Some vegetables and fruits are rich in salicylate. Salicylates in food can exacerbate symptoms in CSU patients.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Our aim is to investigate the effect of a low salicylate diet on urticaria severity, quality of life, blood salicylate level and urine arachidonic acid pathway metabolites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients followed a fourweek low salicylate diet. Chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire (CU-Q2oL) and 4 Days-Urticaria Activity Scores (UAS4) were recorded and blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and after the low salicylate diet. Urine Leukotriene-E4, Prostaglandin-E2, Prostaglandin-F2<i>α</i>, Thromboxane-A2, and creatinine levels were measured via ELISA. Blood salicylate level was determined by LC-MS/MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 36 CSU patients were included in the study. The CU-Q2oL scores significantly decreased from 33.7 to 20.7 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and the UAS4 significantly decreased from 14 to 8 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) after low salicylate diet when compared to baseline (low scores mean less complaints). The blood salicylate level was significantly lower after the low salicylate diet compared to the baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.042). However, there was no significant effect of the diet on urinary LTE4, PGDE2, PGDF2α and TXA2 levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that a low salicylate diet may help to reduce the severity of urticaria and improve quality of life by lowering blood salicylate levels. However, the diet had no impact on urinary LTE4, PGDE2, PGDF2α, and TXA2 levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1687600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12719075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between social phobia and allergic asthma in adolescents.","authors":"Shuang Han, Tao Wang, Jiaojiao Wang, Zhihua Han, Pengfei Wang","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1698470","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1698470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social phobia and asthma pose threats to the health of adolescents at the psychological and physical levels, respectively. The aim of this study was to explore the association between social phobia and asthma in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 337 adolescent asthma patients and 337 adolescent controls were included. Social phobia status was assessed using the Mini Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN) and the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC). The ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to its predicted value (FEV1%pred), peak expiratory flow, and peripheral levels of plasma eosinophil, immunoglobulin E (IgE), leukotriene, and histamine were also measured. Multivariate logistic or linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between social phobia-related variables and asthma-related variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated scores on the Mini-SPIN and SASC scales were associated with an increased risk of asthma in adolescents (both <i>P</i> < 0.001). This association remained consistent among adolescents with new-onset asthma (both <i>P</i> < 0.001) and those experiencing asthma recurrence in adolescence following a childhood asthma history (both <i>P</i> < 0.001). Meanwhile, higher scores on both scales correlated with decreased FEV1/FVC (both <i>P</i> < 0.001) and FEV1%pred (<i>P</i> = 0.001 and <i>P</i> = 0.002, respectively) and elevated leukotriene levels (<i>P</i> < 0.001 and <i>P</i> = 0.001, respectively). However, neither scale showed an association with plasma eosinophil, IgE, or histamine levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among adolescents, there was a significant association between social phobia and asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1698470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12714957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145806680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling allergic rhinitis: exploring pathophysiology, advances in treatment, and future directions.","authors":"Aryan Kumar Singh, Shradha Shaili, Ayesha Siddiqui, Ahsan Ali, Ananya Choubey, Pooja Jain, Mohd Aamir Mirza, Zeenat Iqbal","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1636415","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1636415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a complex, multifactorial condition that continues to pose significant clinical and public health challenges, despite the availability of established therapeutic strategies. It significantly contributes to a lower quality of life by causing sleep issues, mental fatigue, and a decline in productivity. A thorough grasp of AR is crucial to enhancing diagnosis and treatment results because of its pervasive effects and ongoing management gaps. This review covers a wide range of topics, such as classification schemes, historical perception, and physical consequences of AR. It talks about the etiological elements that influence the pathophysiology of the illness and sheds light on the immune systems at play. By critically examining current diagnostic limitations and barriers to early intervention, this review underscores the necessity for improved clinical awareness and patient education. Additionally, the paper assesses the variety of existing treatment options, ranging from allergy immunotherapy to pharmaceutical interventions, and investigates breakthroughs in the treatment of AR, including phytotherapy and innovative therapeutic techniques. Trends in patient preferences and clinical uptake are noted, along with the market's evolution for AR treatments. Furthermore, current clinical studies for possible pharmacotherapies are examined, highlighting the significance of continued innovation in the treatment of AR. The review's conclusion makes recommendations for enhancing clinical practice, public health initiatives, and patient outcomes as well as future research directions. By highlighting the necessity of improved clinical awareness and intervention techniques, this thorough analysis seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of AR and its management.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1636415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12711840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145806714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Update on eosinophil-associated diseases.","authors":"Nicola Laura Diny, Yoshiyuki Yamada, Nives Zimmermann","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1740057","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1740057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1740057"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12708251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Biomarkers in allergic eczema.","authors":"Anish Raj Maskey, Pranay Bharadwaj, Jan Geliebter","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1749379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2025.1749379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1749379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12708311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}