Frontiers in allergy最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Allergies and anti-allergy drug discovery in Africa.","authors":"Sabelo Hadebe, Andrew Glory Mtewa, Mushagalusa Kasali Félicien, Jonathan Peter, Precious Takondwa Makondi","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1593023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2025.1593023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1593023"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cure for the itch: current clinical standards and therapies in allergic eczema.","authors":"Jennifer E Lazor, Bree A Bozsoki, Pranay Bharadwaj","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1569292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2025.1569292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic Eczema (AE) is a chronic, relapsing skin condition that significantly affects the quality of life of the AE patients and their caretakers. Decades of scientific and clinical research has helped understand the highly complex underpinnings of AE presentation wherein a multitude of variables, including the conspicuous variables such as environmental allergens, immunological triggers, genetic predisposition of individuals, to more nuanced socio-economic status, play an important part. Given the complexity of the disease, it is imperative to develop biomarkers enabling early and reliable clinical identifications and help in the active management of the disease, thereby minimizing the impact and burden of the disease on the patients. In this mini review, we provide a brief overview of AE, affected demographics, variables that trigger its onset, and summarize the discovery of various clinical biomarkers such as total and specific serum IgE levels, Th2 cytokine levels, filaggrin (FLG) mutations, periostin levels in skin, etc. that have been developed over the years to further improve the state of clinical monitoring of AE presentation and progression. Lastly, we also provide an overview of the clinical interventions and therapies, such as topical agents, phototherapy, and biologics, that are available to the patients to manage AE-related complications. While we have vastly improved the standard of care and diagnosis for the AE patients, there are still many unmet needs such as developing non-invasive, effective, and reliable clinical predictors and biomarkers which can usher better personalized treatments and provide a better quality of life to affected demographics.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1569292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12003377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a Delphi consensus-based questionnaire for the multidisciplinary management of type 2 inflammation-related diseases.","authors":"Francisco Javier Ortiz de Frutos, Carolina Cisneros, José Miguel Villacampa, Óscar Palomares, Ignacio Dávila","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1543504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2025.1543504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to validate a 15-item screening questionnaire for the early detection of coexisting type 2 (T2) inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), among others.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The questionnaire, designed through expert consensus by a scientific committee, underwent Delphi methodology for validation. A multidisciplinary panel of 19 clinicians from different specialties reviewed the questionnaire for clinical relevance, while 39 patients from different regions of Spain evaluated its comprehensibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinician panel reached a consensus on the relevance of 13 out of 15 items in the first round and agreed that a single positive response was sufficient to justify referral to the appropriate specialist. Two items were modified and validated in the second round. The patient panel unanimously agreed on the comprehensibility of the questionnaire in the first round. Linguistic variations were also ranked to ensure clarity across regions, further enhancing the validation of the tool.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This validated questionnaire offers a practical tool for early detection of T2 inflammatory diseases. Its simplicity and comprehensibility, confirmed by clinicians and patients, make it suitable for use in various healthcare settings, supporting timely specialist referrals and improved patient care. Future studies will evaluate its effectiveness in real-world clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1543504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12003428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire ant-venom anaphylaxis prevalence in the general population and patients with systemic mastocytosis.","authors":"Jeremy C McMurray, Brandon J Schornack, Karla E Adams, Robert L McCoy, Amanda K Marshall, Janet A Brunader, Irina Maric, Dean D Metcalfe, Nathan A Boggs","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1570123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2025.1570123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stinging Hymenoptera can induce fatal anaphylaxis, especially in patients with systemic mastocytosis. Fire ants, <i>Solenopsis invicta</i> and <i>S. richteri,</i> from South America have recently colonized three continents. Prevalence of fire ant-venom anaphylaxis in the general population and in systemic mastocytosis is unknown. The aim was to determine fire ant-venom anaphylaxis prevalence among Tricare beneficiaries and those with systemic mastocytosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We queried the beneficiary immunotherapy prescription database for patients who received immunotherapy with Hymenoptera venom or fire ant whole-body extract and the Tricare beneficiary population health registry database for patients with an ICD-10 code for Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA). Greater than 95% of the beneficiary population were patients living in the United States. Chart review of a random sample of 150 patients linked to a HVA ICD-10 code was performed to determine the percent of patients with Hymenoptera-venom anaphylaxis. Retrospective review of a systemic mastocytosis cohort was performed to assess fire ant-venom anaphylaxis rate and treatment patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fire ant immunotherapy was the most frequently ordered individual immunotherapy prescription 45.9% (<i>n</i> = 878). Fire ant prescriptions surpassed all flying Hymenoptera immunotherapy prescriptions combined in six states. Fire ant and flying Hymenoptera-venom anaphylaxis prevalence in the general population was 0.048% and 0.083%, respectively. Fire ant-venom anaphylaxis prevalence in the 14 colonized states was 0.085%. More patients with systemic mastocytosis had anaphylaxis triggered by fire ant than all flying Hymenoptera combined.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fire ant-venom anaphylaxis prevalence in the general population and patients with systemic mastocytosis is higher than all flying Hymenoptera-venom anaphylaxis combined in colonized states. Fire ant-venom anaphylaxis in systemic mastocytosis is frequently misdiagnosed and not treated with epinephrine.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1570123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11994729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does asthma coexistence affect the strategic selection of biologic therapies in CRSwNP management?","authors":"Imran Ozdemir, Nuray Bayar Muluk, Mustafa Yazır, Cemal Cingi","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1579224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2025.1579224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We reviewed asthma coexistence and the selection of biologic therapies in CRSwNP Management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The literature review utilized Google and Google Scholar, in addition to PubMed, EBSCO, and Proquest Central at Kırıkkale University. We searched for \" CRSwNP\", \"asthma\", \"biologic therapies\", \"Anti-IL-4RA\", \"Dupilumab\", \"Anti-IgE\", \"Omalizumab\", \"Anti-IL-5\", \"mepolizumab\" from 2024 to 2000.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with CRSwNP frequently have co-occurring lower airway illnesses, including asthma and AERD asthma, which have a shared pathogenesis. The inflammatory bases of CRSwNP and asthma might be heterogeneous, with a type 2 or, less frequently, a non-type two inflammatory history. Lower airway inflammation and asthma control are worse in patients with asthma who also have CRSwNP. Patients with CRSwNP can now access targeted biologic medicines, a novel therapy option. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authorized three medications for CRSwNP: dupilumab, omalizumab, and mepolizumab. To treat chronic rhinosinusitis with a biological agent, the 2020 European position paper on rhinosinusitis established clear indications. A patient is considered a biologic therapy candidate if they have either undergone FESS before or did not meet FESS criteria but met three of the five. A diagnosis of concomitant asthma, necessitating an inhaled glucocorticoid controller regularly, is one of the five requirements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Biologic treatments have the potential to be used in certain patients where CRSwNP and asthma coexist. The recommended treatments include omalizumab, dupilumab, and mepolizumab.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1579224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11994701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the cycle: a comprehensive exploration of topical steroid addiction and withdrawal.","authors":"Anish R Maskey, Akimi Sasaki, Manuel Sargen, Maureen Kennedy, Raj K Tiwari, Jan Geliebter, Bijan Safai, Xiu-Min Li","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1547923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2025.1547923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Topical steroid withdrawal (TSW) is a skin condition characterized by red burning, itchy, painful skin lesions, often accompanied by peeling, and cracking. Patients experience sleep disturbances due to intense itching, significantly impacting their quality of life. A majority of affected individuals develop secondary bacterial infection, marked by heavy colonization of <i>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</i> and alterations in the skin microbiome. TSW is described as a rebound effect following discontinuation of prolonged use of mid-to-high-potency topical corticosteroids. There exist no definitive diagnostic criteria for this entity, and it is often misdiagnosed as a flare-up of an underlying condition or a contact allergy. Despite numerous personal reports and experiences shared on online platforms, studies on TSW remain scarce in scientific literature. Recognizing and effectively managing this condition is critical for healthcare providers seeking to develop comprehensive management plans. These plans typically include supportive therapy for both physical and psychological symptoms, as well as the gradual tapering of corticosteroid use before complete discontinuation. This review aims to consolidate the existing knowledge on TSW, providing a comprehensive resource for its identification, management, and treatment. By enhancing understanding of TSW, this review seeks to support healthcare providers in implementing optimal management strategies and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1547923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11994697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> models to study viral-induced asthma exacerbation: a short review for a key issue.","authors":"Rémi Pereira De Oliveira, Clément Droillard, Gilles Devouassoux, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1530122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2025.1530122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma is a heterogenous inflammatory bronchial disease involving complex mechanisms, several inflammatory pathways, and multiples cell-type networks. Bronchial inflammation associated to asthma is consecutive to multiple aggressions on epithelium, such as microbiologic, pollutant, and antigenic agents, which are responsible for both T2 and non-T2 inflammatory responses and further airway remodeling. Because asthma physiopathology involves multiple crosstalk between several cell types from different origins (epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune cells) and numerous cellular effectors, no single and/or representative <i>in vitro</i> model is suitable to study the overall of this disease. In this short review, we present and discuss the advantages and limitations of different <i>in vitro</i> models to decipher different aspects of virus-related asthma physiopathology and exacerbation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1530122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basophil activation test and lymphocyte transformation test in cefuroxime-induced anaphylactic reactions.","authors":"Andreas Glässner, Diana Dubrall, Gerda Wurpts, Philipp Deck, Günther Weindl, Caspar A Heubach, Amir S Yazdi, Bernhardt Sachs","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1532775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2025.1532775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cefuroxime allergy may present as a delayed-type reaction or as an immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated immediate-type anaphylactic reaction. The basophil activation test (BAT) is a diagnostic tool for cefuroxime-induced immediate-type reactions, whereas the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is typically applied in delayed-type drug allergy. This study aimed to compare the results of the BAT and LTT in 15 patients with cefuroxime-induced anaphylactic reactions considered as confirmed. The pharmacoepidemiological part aimed to analyze spontaneous reports of cefuroxime-associated anaphylactic reactions in the European adverse drug reaction database (EudraVigilance).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In EudraVigilance, 668 reports of cefuroxime-associated anaphylactic reactions for the European Economic Area (EEA) between 2010 and 2023 were analyzed, with 182 (27.2%) of these reports originating from Germany. The BAT and the LTT were performed according to standard protocols. Except for one patient, all BAT were performed prior to the skin tests, whereas all LTT were performed thereafter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost all reports were classified as serious (EEA, 99.3%; Germany, 98.9%). In 60.8% (EEA) and 66.9% (Germany) of reports with respective information, the reaction occurred after intravenous administration. BAT was performed in 12 of 15 patients (3/12 positive; sensitivity 25%), while LTT was performed in all 15 patients (7/15 positive; sensitivity 46.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our analysis highlights the importance of cefuroxime-associated anaphylactic reactions, as almost all of the spontaneous reports were classified as serious. Neither a negative BAT nor LTT can rule out a sensitization in cefuroxime-induced anaphylactic reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1532775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Acari Hypothesis, VII: accounting for the comorbidity of allergy with other contemporary medical conditions, especially metabolic syndrome.","authors":"Andrew C Retzinger, Gregory S Retzinger","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1537467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2025.1537467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Acari Hypothesis proposes that vector-active acarians, i.e., mites and ticks, are the etiologic agents responsible for most, if not all, allergies. A corollary of The Hypothesis posits allergies are now more prevalent because contemporary hygienic practices remove from skin elements of sweat that otherwise deter acarians. Because the antimicrobial activity of sweat extends beyond acarians, disruption/removal of sweat on/from skin must enable aberrant microbial colonization, possibly potentiating comorbid conditions assignable to the aberrant microbial colonist(s). Allergy is strongly comorbid with metabolic syndrome. Available evidence links the principal features of metabolic syndrome to <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, an organism influenced significantly by constituents of sweat. Thus, the removal of sweat predisposes to both allergy and metabolic syndrome. Indeed, the \"immune-compromised\" state brought upon by contemporary hygienic practices likely accounts for the comorbidity of many contemporary medical conditions, examples of which are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1537467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study protocol for a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial on mepolizumab for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, NSAID exacerbated respiratory disease and asthma.","authors":"Annina Lyly, Johanna Sahlman, Karoliina Pajala, Maija Salminen, Saara Sillanpää, Jura Numminen, Tanzeela Hanif, Anu Laulajainen-Hongisto, Mika Mäkelä, Paula Kauppi, Iiris Kangasniemi, Markus Lilja, Sari Hammaren-Malmi, Paula Virkkula, Sanna Toppila-Salmi","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1568081","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2025.1568081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses that significantly impactshealth-related quality of life. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) -exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) affects approximately one fifth of CRSwNP patients. N-ERD and asthma increase the risk of uncontrolled CRSwNP as measured by frequent sinus surgeries and rescue treatment. Compared to non-N-ERD patients, those with N-ERD also have higher risk of asthma exacerbations, severe allergic reactions, and anosmia. Mepolizumab is a humanized monoclonal anti-IL-5 antibody shown to be effective in treating severe eosinophilic asthma and CRSwNP. While evidence suggests that mepolizumab alleviates respiratory symptoms in N-ERD patients, placebo-controlled studies remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aim of this prospective randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study is to investigate whether mepolizumab reduces polyp size, symptom scores, and exacerbations more than placebo during the 16-week treatment period in patients with uncontrolled CRSwNP, N-ERD and asthma. Additionally, we will examine the effect of mepolizumab on drug dosage and lung and nasal function and evaluate predictive biomarkers.We will recruit 120 patients with N-ERD, nasal polyposis and asthma in three centers in Finland. Patients will be randomized into two 16-week treatment groups in 1:1 ratio (placebo or mepolizumab 100 mg every 4 weeks). The study lasts for 6 months, including recruitment visit 2-4 weeks before randomization. Participants will attend 6 visits, during four of which they will receive a subcutaneous injection of the study product. At each visit, patient-reported outcome tests, clinical examination, airway function tests, and nasal, blood, urine, and stool samples will be conducted.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The efficacy of the 16-week anti-IL-5-treatment in this severe patient group will be analyzed, as well as possible predictive biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04823585. Registered on 28.3.2021.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1568081"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}