Frontiers in allergy最新文献

{"title":"Low CD46 expression on activated CD4⁺ T cells predict improved Th1 cell reactivity to calcitriol in majority of patients with allergic eosinophilic asthma and healthy donors.","authors":"Julie Stichova, Peter Slanina, Zita Chovancova, Jan Baros, Marek Litzman, Jiri Litzman, Marcela Vlkova","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1462579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2024.1462579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research showed that the intracellular complement system, with CD46 as its central molecule, regulates the Th1 response associated with IFN-γ production and transition to a type 1 regulatory response (Tr1) characterized by IL-10 production. This transition can be influenced by a vitamin D (calcitriol), favouring a shift towards Tr1 cells and increased IL-10 production, as described in some autoimmune diseases.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>It is unknown whether calcitriol modulates CD46-induced Th1 response towards regulatory type 1 T cells (Tr1) in allergic eosinophilic asthma and its value in relation to reducing inflammatory response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CD4⁺ T cells from 58 patients with allergic eosinophilic asthma (AEA) and 49 healthy donors (HDs) were stimulated with αCD3/αCD46/IL-2 or αCD3/αCD46/IL-2/Calcitriol <i>in vitro</i> for 60 h and analyzed by flow cytometry. IFN-γ and IL-10 levels in cell culture supernatants were measured using ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CD4⁺ T cells from patients with AEA demonstrated elevated CD46 expression in both the non-activated state and under stimulation conditions with αCD3/αCD46/IL-2 or αCD3/αCD46/IL-2/Calcitriol. Moreover, CD46 expression in AEA patients fluctuated with the pollen season, showing a significant increase during period of low pollen exposure. Calcitriol further induced CD4⁺Tr1 cells from <i>in vitro</i> generated CD4⁺Th1 cells in both HDs and AEA patients. However, in both cohorts were individuals (HDs: 35/49, AEA: 40/58) who responded to calcitriol with a more pronounced regulatory response. The calcitriol-induced regulatory effect manifested by a stronger surface decrease of CD46 on activated CD4⁺ T cells (by 40% in HDs and by 26% in AEA), accompanied by a significant inhibition of IFN-γ and increased IL-10 production (by 31% in HDs and by 85% in AEA). These individuals were termed as the CD46D group. Contrary to this, calcitriol induced an increase in CD46 expression at the CD4⁺ T cell surface in a minor group of HDs (14/49), and AEA patients (18/58), who were termed as the CD46I group. In CD46I group, CD4⁺ T cells produced less IFN-γ in comparison with CD46D group (by 33% in HDs and by 43% in AEA) and were unable to upregulate IL-10 production following stimulation with αCD3/αCD46/IL-2/Calcitriol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest the potential existence of a key for stratifying individuals suitable for calcitriol treatment in the context of low serum vitamin D levels. After validation in clinical studies, this key could be used as an adjunctive therapy not only for patients with allergic eosinophilic asthma, but also for other diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1462579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11472004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The management of exercise-induced anaphylaxis in a Chinese child with biologics: a case report.","authors":"Nannan Jiang, Li Xiang, Huijie Huang, Xudong Zhang","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1453873","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1453873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is a rare and potentially life-threatening disorder. In difficult to control and refractory cases of EIA, biologics such as omalizumab and dupilumab have shown promise, with documented successful outcomes. Here, we present a case of EIA with lipid transfer protein (LTP) sensitization successfully treated with omalizumab with long-term follow-up. A 12-year-old girl presented to our allergy department because of recurrent episodes of EIA, with no specific food ingestion before exercise. Allergen testing revealed sensitization to weed pollens, particularly mugwort (76.1 kUA/L) and <i>Alternaria alternata</i> (10.8 kUA/L). Allergen component testing indicated sensitization to LTP components from mugwort Art v 3 (49.9 kUA/L), wheat Tri a 14 (2.03 kUA/L), and peach Pru p 3 (11.5 kUA/L), with a negative result for omega-5 gliadin. Despite initial prophylactic treatment with budesonide-formoterol (80/4.5 μg) and cetirizine (10 mg) before exercise, the patient still experienced EIA; she was then recommended for dupilumab therapy (an initial dose of 600 mg, followed by 300 mg every 2 weeks for six doses). However, even while undergoing dupilumab therapy, she suffered two anaphylactic episodes after running 800-1,000 m. With the patient's consent, a trial of omalizumab was initiated (injections of 300 mg every 4 weeks). After 2 months of omalizumab therapy, the patient showed significant improvement. She had been engaging in physical exercise three times a week and experienced a mild episode of urticaria. There were no further episodes of anaphylaxis or emergency room visits. By the fourth month of omalizumab treatment, she was able to consume food normally even just before exercising and had returned to her full activity level without any restrictions. This case presents the first successful off-label use of omalizumab in the prevention of EIA in the Chinese population. It is concluded that omalizumab may be helpful in resolving EIA symptoms, as evidenced by this case of successful long-term use.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1453873"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel assay of excess plasma kallikrein-kinin system activation in hereditary angioedema.","authors":"Dan Sexton, Ryan Faucette, Melody Rivera-Hernandez, Jon A Kenniston, Nikolaos Papaioannou, Janja Cosic, Kris Kopacz, Gary Salmon, Chantal Beauchemin, Salomé Juethner, Dave Yeung","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1436855","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1436855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen (HKa) is a disease state biomarker of kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) activation in patients with hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1INH), the endogenous inhibitor of plasma kallikrein (PKa).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Develop an HKa-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to monitor KKS activation in the plasma of HAE-C1INH patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A novel HKa-specific antibody was discovered by antibody phage display and used as a capture reagent to develop an HKa-specific ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Specific HKa detection following KKS activation was observed in plasma from healthy controls but not in prekallikrein-, high-molecular-weight kininogen-, or coagulation factor XII (FXII)-deficient plasma. HKa levels in plasma collected from HAE-C1INH patients in a disease quiescent state were higher than in plasma from healthy controls and increased further in HAE-C1INH plasma collected during an angioedema attack. The specificity of the assay for PKa-mediated HKa generation in minimally diluted plasma activated with exogenous FXIIa was demonstrated using a specific monoclonal antibody inhibitor (lanadelumab, IC₅₀ = 0.044 µM).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An ELISA was developed for the specific and quantitative detection of HKa in human plasma to support HAE-C1INH drug development. Improved quantification of the HKa biomarker may facilitate further pathophysiologic insight into HAE-C1INH and other diseases mediated by a dysregulated KKS and may enable the design of highly potent inhibitors targeting this pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1436855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asthma management in the digital age.","authors":"Ilan Y Bocian, Andrew R Chin, Alyssa Rodriguez, William Collins, Sayantani B Sindher, R Sharon Chinthrajah","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1451768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2024.1451768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma affects 25 million people in the United States, and its prevalence is increasing. Access to care and adherence to prescribed asthma-treatment programs remain the principal formidable challenges for asthma management. Telemedicine offers substantial opportunities for improved asthma care of patients across the full range of socioeconomic strata. Ever-improving digital tools for asthma assessment and treatment are key components of telemedicine platforms for asthma management. These include a variety of remote patient-monitoring devices, digital inhaler systems, and mobile-health applications that facilitate ongoing assessment and adherence to treatment protocols. Digital tools for monitoring treatment focus on tracking medication use, inhalation technique, and physiological markers such as peak-flow rate and pulse-oximetry. Telemedicine visits allow for elements of assessment via video, approximating or duplicating many aspects of in-person visits, such as evaluating a patient's general appearance, breathing effort, and cough. Challenges remain in ensuring equitable access to these technologies, especially in rural and low-income areas, and in maintaining patient privacy and data security in digital platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1451768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11405314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single center experience with more than 600 drug desensitization in Colombia.","authors":"Verónica Pardo-Manrique, Luis Fernando Ramírez-Zuluaga, Diana Lucia Silva-Espinosa, Leidy Johanna Hurtado-Bermudez, Inés Elvira Gómez-Hernández, Manuela Olaya-Hernández, Carlos Daniel Serrano-Reyes","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1460326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2024.1460326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) have a significant impact on both, patient and their treating physicians; it is considered a public health concern. The history of allergy to drugs, limits therapeutic options and will lead to the use of more expensive and potentially less effective options. Drug desensitization (DD) is considered as a procedure with a positive impact on the prognosis of the patient's disease. The objective of this study is to describe the experience with a substantial number of drugs desensitization in a fourth level center in Cali, Colombia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted. Patients with DHRs who underwent a standardized institutional DD protocol, between March of 2012 and May of 2023, were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred forty-one patients were included. The median age was 47.8 years (4-88). One hundred fifty-six (64.7%) were women, including three who were pregnant. A total of 641 DDs were performed. The most frequent groups of drugs for which the desensitization was performed were monoclonal antibodies in 83 patients (34.4%), chemotherapeutic agents in 53 (21.6%), NSAIDs in 44 (18.2%), and antibiotics in 42 (17.4%). Eighty-seven patients (36.1%) experienced hypersensitivity to the culprit drug on first exposure, while 154 (63.9%) exhibited reactions during subsequent cycles. The main clinical presentation that gave rise to desensitization was anaphylaxis in 125 patients (51.8%), followed by cutaneous symptoms in 106 patients (44%). The predominant observed endophenotype was type 1 in 188 patients (78.3%), followed by mixed type in 46 patients (19.2%). Breakthrough reactions were observed in 50 patients (20.7%). Tolerance to DD was achieved in 636 of the procedures (99.2%), allowing the continuity of treatment of choice for the underlying disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most desensitized patients were women with type I reactions. Monoclonal antibodies were the most frequent culprit drugs. DD in patients with DHRs is a useful, safe and effective procedure. The administration of the implicated drug had a positive impact on the course of the disease in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1460326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11392919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: IgE and its receptors in the context of allergy.","authors":"Paul Engeroff, Sergio Villazala-Merino","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1471097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2024.1471097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1471097"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11387217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in the management of epistaxis secondary to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: our evolution to injection sclerotherapy as the treatment of choice.","authors":"Nitish Kumar, Pedro Lança Gomes, Michael J Marino, Amar Miglani, Devyani Lal","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1456686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2024.1456686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We compared the efficacy of intralesional sclerotherapy using 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate with non-sclerotherapy-based treatments for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia-associated epistaxis management.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent surgical intervention for HHT-associated epistaxis management from 01/2010-02/2024. Patients undergoing sclerotherapy with intralesional 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate were included in the sclerotherapy group and others undergoing conventional non-sclerotherapy-based procedures in the non-sclerotherapy group. Outcomes like breakthrough epistaxis, emergency visits, intra-op blood loss, blood transfusions, and procedure complications in the 3-month perioperative period were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three patients who underwent 74 intranasal procedures were identified. In the sclerotherapy group, 17 patients underwent 47 procedures. In the non-sclerotherapy group, 10 patients underwent 27 procedures. Till the 3rd post-treatment month, fewer breakthrough epistaxis episodes were observed after sclerotherapy procedures (13/47) vs. non-sclerotherapy procedures (14/27); (<i>p</i> = 0.037). Intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower during sclerotherapy (median: 10 ml) vs. non-sclerotherapy procedures (median: 50 ml); <i>p</i> < 0.001. The time interval between successive procedures was not significantly different in the sclerotherapy (median 6.5 months) vs. the non-sclerotherapy group (median 3.5 months); <i>p</i> = 0.13. Nasal crusting was the most common complication in the sclerotherapy group (36.9%). Two patients in each group had new onset septal perforation, none of the patients had vision loss or cerebrovascular accident. One emergency department visit was reported in the sclerotherapy group vs. 7 (in 3 patients) in the non-sclerotherapy group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to non-sclerotherapy treatments, intralesional sclerotherapy for epistaxis in HHT is more effective in decreasing breakthrough epistaxis, and has lower intraoperative blood loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1456686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11387978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between antibiotic usage during infancy and asthma incidence among children: a population-level ecological study in British Columbia, Canada.","authors":"Abdullah Al Mamun, Carl Zou, Hannah Lishman, Säde Stenlund, Max Xie, Erica Chuang, David M Patrick","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1456077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2024.1456077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study follows published associations in BC to 2014 (updated in 2019) to model the predicted incidence of asthma in BC children attributable to antibiotic use within the context of reduced antibiotic use and increased breastfeeding in BC infants from 2000 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based ecological study was conducted in BC from 2000 to 2019, using outpatient antibiotic prescription data from BC PharmaNet and asthma diagnoses from the Chronic Disease Registry. Breastfeeding estimates were calculated using the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). Population attributable risk (PAR) was calculated using a blended relative risk (RR) of asthma in antibiotic-exposed children who were and were not breastfed. PAR was used to calculate predicted vs. actual asthma incidence in 2019. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate the association between the average antibiotic prescription rate in infants under 1 and asthma incidence in 1-4 year olds, stratified by periods between 2000-2014 and 2015-2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In BC, antibiotic prescribing decreased by 77% in infants under 1 and asthma incidence decreased by 41% in children 1-4 years from 2000 to 2019. BC breastfeeding rates increased from 46% in the 2005 CCHS to 71% in the 2017/18 CCHS. After calculating the PAR using a blended RR, the predicted asthma incidence in 2019 was 18.8/1,000 population. This was comparable to the observed asthma incidence in children 1-4 years of 16.6/1,000 population in 2019. During 2000-2014, adjusted incidence risk ratio (aIRR) for children under Quintile 5 of average antibiotic prescribing was 1.75 (95% CI: 1.63-1.88, <i>P</i> < 0.0001) times higher than that for Quintile 1. However, between 2015 and 2019, this association weakened (as expected because of increasing prevalence of breastfeeding), with the expected asthma incidence for Quintile 5 only 11% (aIRR 1.11, 95% CI: 0.78-1.57) higher than for Quintile 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified that over the past 20 years, antibiotic exposure in infants under 1 and asthma incidence in children 1-4 years has decreased significantly. Decreasing antibiotic exposure and increasing breastfeeding (which further mitigates risk associated with antibiotics) are of sufficient scale to explain much of this population trend. Changes in environmental, social and other exposures remain relevant to this complicated etiological pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1456077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peanut allergen characterization and allergenicity throughout development.","authors":"Casey G Cohen, Yael Levy, Diana Toscano-Rivero, Ekaterina Manasherova, Nancy Agmon-Levin, Ron S Kenett, Bertrand J Jean-Claude, Bruce D Mazer, Ran Hovav, Mona I Kidon","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1395834","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1395834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Peanut allergy (PA) in children is a major concern. There is a need for better biological material for both diagnosis and oral immunotherapy (OIT) treatments. The unique state of seeds at early reproductive stages may affect the allergenicity of storage proteins, and impact clinical diagnostic and OIT protocols. The objective of this study was to evaluate the major allergen content in sequential seed developmental stages and monitor allergenicity via specific IgE binding quantification and skin prick testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seeds were collected from peanut plants and sorted into five developmental stages: initial (S1), developing (S2), full-size without coloration (S3), full-size with coloration (S4), and fully mature (S5) seeds. Samples were characterized by RNA-Seq, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. Lyophilized, ground preparations were used for evaluation of skin test responses in sixty challenge-proven PA children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gene expression, protein content, and specific IgE binding of allergenic proteins increased throughout seed maturation and development. An expression bias towards the less allergenic A-genome copy of the major allergen Ara h 2 was found in earlier stages, especially in stage S2. Immunohistochemical staining showed that Ara h 2 is more dispersed in the cell and less accumulated within organized bodies at stage S2 versus stage S4. Significant differences were found in mean wheal responses between the commercial peanut extract (equivalent to stage S5) and stages S1 and S2, but not with stage S4, upon skin prick testing in subjects with PA.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The observed decrease in peanut-specific IgE binding of immature peanut seeds may be a result not only of decreased amounts of allergenic proteins, but also of profound changes in seed composition and conformation. This may be significant for developing a safer and more effective peanut OIT protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1395834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare causes of pediatric anaphylaxis due to obscure allergens.","authors":"Shajitha Melethil, Ejaz Yousef","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1456100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2024.1456100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review provides a comprehensive overview of rare causes of pediatric anaphylaxis related to obscure allergens. Anaphylaxis, a severe hypersensitivity reaction, can occur without typical symptoms, posing diagnostic challenges, especially in children. Idiopathic anaphylaxis, where no trigger is identified despite thorough evaluation, is notably challenging in this population. This review synthesizes current literature, highlighting obscure triggers such as food additives, spices like fenugreek, and cross-reactive allergens, including lupine and gelatin. These allergens are often overlooked and can lead to misdiagnosis of idiopathic cases. Understanding these uncommon triggers is crucial for clinicians to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective management of pediatric anaphylaxis, emphasizing the need for heightened clinical awareness and further research. This review raises awareness among health care providers about these lesser-known causes, aiming to improve outcomes and quality of life for pediatric patients at risk of anaphylactic reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1456100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11381498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}