Exploration (Beijing, China)最新文献

{"title":"Inside Back Cover: Scalability of nanopore osmotic energy conversion (EXP2 2/2024)","authors":"Makusu Tsutsui,&nbsp;Wei-Lun Hsu,&nbsp;Kazumichi Yokota,&nbsp;Iat Wai Leong,&nbsp;Hirofumi Daiguji,&nbsp;Tomoji Kawai","doi":"10.1002/EXP.20240203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EXP.20240203","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In research outlined in Article 20220110, Tsutsui, Kawai, and their team delved into the impact of electrostatic couplings on the efficiency of osmotic energy conversion in nanoporous membranes. Their findings have unveiled a pivotal scaling law, offering valuable insights into determining the optimal porosity and membrane size crucial for advancing osmotic power generation.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":72997,"journal":{"name":"Exploration (Beijing, China)","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/EXP.20240203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front Cover: Nitrogen deficiency modulates carbon allocation to promote nodule nitrogen fixation capacity in soybean (EXP2 2/2024)","authors":"Xiaolong Ke,&nbsp;Han Xiao,&nbsp;Yaqi Peng,&nbsp;Xue Xia,&nbsp;Xuelu Wang","doi":"10.1002/EXP.20240201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EXP.20240201","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mineral nitrogen deficiency in soil would promote sucrose supply to nodules from roots, and then elevate nodule energy state. Nodule energy sensors can sense the elevated nodule energy state to enhance N₂ reduction to plant-usable NH₃ in nodules. This study will be helpful to design leguminous crops with improved adaptation to fluctuating usable nitrogen supplies in the soil.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":72997,"journal":{"name":"Exploration (Beijing, China)","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/EXP.20240201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inside Front Cover: Cerebrospinal fluid efflux through dynamic paracellular pores on venules as a missing piece of the brain drainage system (EXP2 2/2024)","authors":"Yaqiong Dong,&nbsp;Ting Xu,&nbsp;Lan Yuan,&nbsp;Yahan Wang,&nbsp;Siwang Yu,&nbsp;Zhi Wang,&nbsp;Shizhu Chen,&nbsp;Chunhua Chen,&nbsp;Weijiang He,&nbsp;Tessandra Stewart,&nbsp;Weiguang Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoda Yang","doi":"10.1002/EXP.20240202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EXP.20240202","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While asleep, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flush over the brain parenchyma via pathways generated by neuroglia cells. The interstitial fluid (ISF) solutes containing metabolic wastes/toxins such as Aβ are collected in the paravenous space, where the CSF-ISF fluid eventually exit into blood through dynamically assembled, trumpet-shaped pores formed by vascular endothelial cells.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":72997,"journal":{"name":"Exploration (Beijing, China)","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/EXP.20240202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimicking trilayer scaffolds with controlled estradiol release for uterine tissue regeneration","authors":"Shangsi Chen,&nbsp;Junzhi Li,&nbsp;Liwu Zheng,&nbsp;Jie Huang,&nbsp;Min Wang","doi":"10.1002/EXP.20230141","DOIUrl":"10.1002/EXP.20230141","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scaffold-based tissue engineering provides an efficient approach for repairing uterine tissue defects and restoring fertility. In the current study, a novel trilayer tissue engineering scaffold with high similarity to the uterine tissue in structure was designed and fabricated via 4D printing, electrospinning and 3D bioprinting for uterine regeneration. Highly stretchable poly(<span>l</span>-lactide-<i>co</i>-trimethylene carbonate) (PLLA-<i>co</i>-TMC, “PTMC” in short)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymer blend scaffolds were firstly made via 4D printing. To improve the biocompatibility, porous poly(lactic acid-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) fibers incorporated with polydopamine (PDA) particles were produced on PTMC/TPU scaffolds via electrospinning. Importantly, estradiol (E2) was encapsulated in PDA particles. The bilayer scaffolds thus produced could provide controlled and sustained release of E2. Subsequently, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were mixed with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based inks and the formulated bioinks were used to fabricate a cell-laden hydrogel layer on the bilayer scaffolds via 3D bioprinting, forming ultimately biomimicking trilayer scaffolds for uterine tissue regeneration. The trilayer tissue engineering scaffolds thus formed exhibited a shape morphing ability by transforming from the planar shape to tubular structures when immersed in the culture medium at 37°C. The trilayer tissue engineering scaffolds under development would provide new insights for uterine tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":72997,"journal":{"name":"Exploration (Beijing, China)","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/EXP.20230141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontispiece: Insight into uniform filming of LiF-rich interphase via synergistic adsorption for high-performance lithium metal anode (EXP2 2/2024)","authors":"Yufang He,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Aiping Wang,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Hiep Pham,&nbsp;Jonghyun Park,&nbsp;Xiangming He","doi":"10.1002/EXP.20240205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EXP.20240205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The lithiophilic additive-derived species induce synergistic adsorption with LiF, which follows the Frank-Vander Merwe mode (FVDM) of film growth, resulting in uniform LiF deposition on the lithium metal anode (LMA) surface. This work disclosed the importance of additive assistant synergistic adsorption on the uniform growth of LiF-rich SEI, contributing to the reasonable design of electrolyte formulas and high-performance LMA.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":72997,"journal":{"name":"Exploration (Beijing, China)","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/EXP.20240205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Back Cover: A red blood cell-derived bionic microrobot capable of hierarchically adapting to five critical stages in systemic drug delivery (EXP2 2/2024)","authors":"Ya-Xuan Zhu,&nbsp;Hao-Ran Jia,&nbsp;Yao-Wen Jiang,&nbsp;Yuxin Guo,&nbsp;Qiu-Yi Duan,&nbsp;Ke-Fei Xu,&nbsp;Bai-Hui Shan,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Liu,&nbsp;Xiaokai Chen,&nbsp;Fu-Gen Wu","doi":"10.1002/EXP.20240204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EXP.20240204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An “all-in-one” red blood cell-derived microrobot is constructed to hierarchically overcome the different biological barriers during systemic drug delivery. The bionic microrobot can stably circulate in blood vessels, target the tumor under magnetic guidance, release therapeutic cargoes upon light triggering, and facilitate drug penetration in tumor by damaging extracellular matrix, thus realizing satisfactory anticancer therapeutic efficacy.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":72997,"journal":{"name":"Exploration (Beijing, China)","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/EXP.20240204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A perspective of lipid nanoparticles for RNA delivery","authors":"Yutian Ma,&nbsp;Shiyao Li,&nbsp;Xin Lin,&nbsp;Yupeng Chen","doi":"10.1002/EXP.20230147","DOIUrl":"10.1002/EXP.20230147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the last two decades, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have evolved as an effective biocompatible and biodegradable RNA delivery platform in the fields of nanomedicine, biotechnology, and drug delivery. They are novel bionanomaterials that can be used to encapsulate a wide range of biomolecules, such as mRNA, as demonstrated by the current successes of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Therefore, it is important to provide a perspective on LNPs for RNA delivery, which further offers useful guidance for researchers who want to work in the RNA-based LNP field. This perspective first summarizes the approaches for the preparation of LNPs, followed by the introduction of the key characterization parameters. Then, the in vitro cell experiments to study LNP performance, including cell selection, cell viability, cellular association/uptake, endosomal escape, and their efficacy, were summarized. Finally, the in vivo animal experiments in the aspects of animal selection, administration, dosing and safety, and their therapeutic efficacy were discussed. The authors hope this perspective can offer valuable guidance to researchers who enter the field of RNA-based LNPs and help them understand the crucial parameters that RNA-based LNPs demand.</p>","PeriodicalId":72997,"journal":{"name":"Exploration (Beijing, China)","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/EXP.20230147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor cell membrane-based vaccines: A potential boost for cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Muyang Yang,&nbsp;Jie Zhou,&nbsp;Liseng Lu,&nbsp;Deqiang Deng,&nbsp;Jing Huang,&nbsp;Zijian Tang,&nbsp;Xiujuan Shi,&nbsp;Pui-Chi Lo,&nbsp;Jonathan F. Lovell,&nbsp;Yongfa Zheng,&nbsp;Honglin Jin","doi":"10.1002/EXP.20230171","DOIUrl":"10.1002/EXP.20230171","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Because therapeutic cancer vaccines can, in theory, eliminate tumor cells specifically with relatively low toxicity, they have long been considered for application in repressing cancer progression. Traditional cancer vaccines containing a single or a few discrete tumor epitopes have failed in the clinic, possibly due to challenges in epitope selection, target downregulation, cancer cell heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment immunosuppression, or a lack of vaccine immunogenicity. Whole cancer cell or cancer membrane vaccines, which provide a rich source of antigens, are emerging as viable alternatives. Autologous and allogenic cellular cancer vaccines have been evaluated as clinical treatments. Tumor cell membranes (TCMs) are an intriguing antigen source, as they provide membrane-accessible targets and, at the same time, serve as integrated carriers of vaccine adjuvants and other therapeutic agents. This review provides a summary of the properties and technologies for TCM cancer vaccines. Characteristics, categories, mechanisms, and preparation methods are discussed, as are the demonstrable additional benefits derived from combining TCM vaccines with chemotherapy, sonodynamic therapy, phototherapy, and oncolytic viruses. Further research in chemistry, biomedicine, cancer immunology, and bioinformatics to address current drawbacks could facilitate the clinical adoption of TCM vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":72997,"journal":{"name":"Exploration (Beijing, China)","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/EXP.20230171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long non-coding RNA CASC15 enhances learning and memory in mice by promoting synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons","authors":"Yuankang Zou,&nbsp;Bo Gao,&nbsp;Jiaqiao Lu,&nbsp;Keying Zhang,&nbsp;Maodeng Zhai,&nbsp;Ziyan Yuan,&nbsp;Michael Aschner,&nbsp;Jingyuan Chen,&nbsp;Wenjing Luo,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Jianbin Zhang","doi":"10.1002/EXP.20230154","DOIUrl":"10.1002/EXP.20230154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating systemic disorder that has a detrimental impact on the overall well-being of individuals. Emerging research suggests that long non-coding RNAs play a role in neural development and function. Nevertheless, the precise relationship between lncRNAs and Alzheimer's disease remains uncertain. The authors' recent discoveries have uncovered an unconventional mechanism involving the regulation of synaptic plasticity and the functioning of the hippocampal fragile X mental retardation protein 1 (FMR1)—neurotrophin 3 (NTF3) pathway, which is mediated by cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (<i>CASC15</i>). Subsequently, functional rescue experiments were performed to illustrate the efficient delivery of exosomes harboring a significant amount of <i>2610307p16Rik</i> transcripts, which is the murine equivalent of human <i>CASC15</i>, to the hippocampal region of mice. This resulted in significant improvements in synaptic morphological plasticity and cognitive function in <i>APP/PS1</i> mice. Given the pivotal involvement of <i>CASC15</i> in synaptic plasticity and the distinctive regulatory mechanisms of the CASC15-FMR1-NTF3 axis, <i>CASC15</i> emerges as a promising biomarker for Alzheimer's disease and may even possess potential as a feasible therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":72997,"journal":{"name":"Exploration (Beijing, China)","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/EXP.20230154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging nitric oxide gas-assisted cancer photothermal treatment","authors":"Shuang Liang,&nbsp;Yufei Liu,&nbsp;Hongquan Zhu,&nbsp;Guangfu Liao,&nbsp;Wenzhen Zhu,&nbsp;Li Zhang","doi":"10.1002/EXP.20230163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/EXP.20230163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photothermal therapy (PTT) has garnered significant attention in recent years, but the standalone application of PTT still faces limitations that hinder its ability to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. Nitric oxide (NO), being one of the most extensively studied gaseous molecules, presents itself as a promising complementary candidate for PTT. In response, various nanosystems have been developed to enable the simultaneous utilization of PTT and NO-mediated gas therapy (GT), with the integration of photothermal agents (PTAs) and thermally-sensitive NO donors being the prevailing approach. This combination seeks to leverage the synergistic effects of PTT and GT while mitigating the potential risks associated with gas toxicity through the use of a single laser irradiation. Furthermore, additional internal or external stimuli have been employed to trigger NO release when combined with different types of PTAs, thereby further enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive review aims to summarize recent advancements in NO gas-assisted cancer photothermal treatment. It commences by providing an overview of various types of NO donors and precursors, including those sensitive to photothermal, light, ultrasound, reactive oxygen species, and glutathione. These NO donors and precursors are discussed in the context of dual-modal PTT/GT. Subsequently, the incorporation of other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy (CHT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), alkyl radical therapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy (IT) in the creation of triple-modal therapeutic nanoplatforms is presented. The review further explores tetra-modal therapies, such as PTT/GT/CHT/PDT, PTT/GT/CHT/chemodynamic therapy (CDT), PTT/GT/PDT/IT, PTT/GT/starvation therapy (ST)/IT, PTT/GT/Ca²⁺ overload/IT, PTT/GT/ferroptosis (FT)/IT, and PTT/GT/CDT/IT. Finally, potential challenges and future perspectives concerning these novel paradigms are discussed. This comprehensive review is anticipated to serve as a valuable resource for future studies focused on the development of innovative photothermal/NO-based cancer nanotheranostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":72997,"journal":{"name":"Exploration (Beijing, China)","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/EXP.20230163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}