Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.09.003
S. Moisdon-Chataigner
{"title":"L’intérêt des directives anticipées en cas de pose d’une ECMO","authors":"S. Moisdon-Chataigner","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>La pose de l’ECMO est un temps de crise, d’attente, d’espoir et de crainte. Elle intervient dans un moment de risque extrême : l’urgence vitale est là, la pose de l’ECMO permet de maintenir la vie du patient. Mais il s’agit d’une situation transitoire ; à partir de ce moment des décisions devront être prises quant aux actes médicaux ultérieurs alors même que le patient peut être dans un état de conscience insuffisant pour exprimer sa volonté. Or, comme dans toute situation médicale la rechercher est essentielle. Afin de garder une réelle force à cette volonté, en cas d’expression incohérente ou état d’inconscience, les directives anticipées seront un instrument important. Elles sont définies par l’article L. 1111-11 du Code de la santé publique lequel précise en son premier alinéa : « <em>Toute personne majeure peut rédiger des directives anticipées pour le cas où elle serait un jour hors d’état d’exprimer sa volonté. Ces directives anticipées expriment la volonté de la personne relative à sa fin de vie en ce qui concerne les conditions de la poursuite, de la limitation, de l’arrêt ou du refus de traitement ou d’acte médicaux</em>. » Porteuses de la volonté, les directives anticipées ont un intérêt intrinsèque pour la personne. Au-delà elles ont aussi un intérêt extrinsèque pour l’équipe médicale.</div></div><div><div>The ECMO installation is a time of crisis, waiting, hope and fear. It occurs at a time of extreme risk: the vital emergency is there, the ECMO installation allows the patient's life to be maintained. But this is a transitional situation; from this moment on, decisions must be made regarding subsequent medical procedures even though the patient may be in a state of insufficient consciousness to express his or her wishes. However, as in any medical situation, seeking this is essential. In order to maintain real strength in this will, in the event of incoherent expression or a state of unconsciousness, advance directives will be an important instrument. They are defined by article L. 1111-11 of the Public Health Code, which specifies in its first paragraph: “<em>Any adult may draw up advance directives in the event that they are one day unable to express their wishes. These advance directives express the person's wishes regarding the end of their life with regard to the conditions for continuing, limiting, stopping or refusing treatment or medical procedures</em>”. As bearers of the will, advance directives have an intrinsic interest for the person. Beyond that, they also have an extrinsic interest for the medical team.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 279-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.09.004
M.-L. Moquet-Anger
{"title":"Regards croisés sur le cœur artificiel : l’application in concreto des droits des malades","authors":"M.-L. Moquet-Anger","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Les techniques de chirurgie cardiaque obligent le juriste, après avoir évoqué les règles et principes juridiques applicables, à envisager leur mise en œuvre dans des situations complexes et tendues tant du fait de la haute technicité des actes de soins prodigués, que des enjeux éthiques, philosophiques et moraux auxquels sont exposés les malades, mais aussi les familles ou leurs proches, sans oublier les personnels médicaux et soignants. La présente étude propose d’analyser comment les droits du malade, mais aussi par effet de miroir et en cherchant à les concilier, les devoirs des professionnels de santé, peuvent être mis en œuvre, notamment lorsque le recours au cœur artificiel semble être la réponse médicale au traitement du patient. Le recours dans un premier temps à l’ECMO, puis à une assistance cardiaque de longue durée mettent en exergue, d’une part, la question de l’acceptabilité par le patient du potentiel passage du corps humain à la machine humaine et, d’autre part, l’acceptation du renoncement à des chances de survie tant par le patient que l’équipe médicale. Autrement dit, il s’agit d’examiner la manière dont le droit appréhende la décision médicale du recours à ces technologies et le refus ou l’impossibilité d’en bénéficier.</div></div><div><div>Cardiac surgery techniques require the lawyer, after discussing the applicable legal rules and principles, to consider their implementation in complex and tense situations both due to the high technicality of the care provided, and the ethical, philosophical and moral issues to which patients are exposed, but also their families or loved ones, without forgetting medical and care staff. This study proposes to analyze how the rights of the patient, but also by mirror effect and by seeking to reconcile them, the duties of health professionals, can be implemented, in particular when recourse to the artificial heart seems to be the medical response to the patient's treatment. The recourse initially to ECMO and then to long-term cardiac assistance highlights on the one hand the question of the patient's acceptability of the potential passage from the human body to the human machine and on the other hand, the acceptance of the renunciation of chances of survival by both the patient and the medical team. In other words, it is a question of examining the way in which the law understands the medical decision to use these technologies and the refusal or impossibility of benefiting from them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 272-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.09.002
E. Flécher
{"title":"Cœurs artificiels : maintenir en vie à tout prix ?","authors":"E. Flécher","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Il est désormais possible de maintenir une circulation sanguine dans un organisme humain, pendant plusieurs jours, plusieurs mois, voire plusieurs années, à l’aide de dispositifs d’assistance circulatoire mécanique de courte ou de longue durée. Ces dispositifs se développent considérablement dans les pays occidentaux avec des conséquences majeures en termes d’organisation de soins et de répartition sur un territoire. L’implantation de ces machines, véritables cœurs artificiels externes ou implantables, pose naturellement la question de la sélection du candidat, au sein des malades les plus graves et souvent les plus urgents. L’éthique et l’approche de la fin de vie ont toute leur place dans le développement de ces audacieux programmes médicaux tournés vers les technologies de pointe les plus modernes.</div></div><div><div>It is now possible to maintain blood circulation in a human body for several days, several months, or even several years, using short- or long-term mechanical circulatory assistance devices. These systems are developing considerably in Western countries with major consequences in terms of organization of care and distribution over a territory. The implantation of these machines, external or fully implantable artificial hearts, raises the question of the selection of the candidate, among the most sick and often the most urgent patients. Ethics and approach to the end of life have their place in the development of these daring medical programs focused on the most modern cutting-edge technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 257-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.07.006
P.-H. Duée , F. Jusot , S. Crozier , J.-F. Delfraissy
{"title":"Regard éthique porté sur l’innovation en santé","authors":"P.-H. Duée , F. Jusot , S. Crozier , J.-F. Delfraissy","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>L’innovation en santé est plurielle. Le concept d’innovation en santé se décline dans des dimensions scientifiques, médicales, techniques, économiques, mais aussi organisationnelles, sociales et politiques. Porter une évaluation éthique sur les innovations en santé, rendues notamment possibles par les connaissances produites par la recherche publique et privée, ainsi que par l’industrie, met en avant les questions de l’autonomie des personnes et de l’accessibilité des innovations par tous, dans le cadre du droit fondamental à la protection de la santé. Pour certaines innovations en santé dont le coût est particulièrement élevé, des questions spécifiques concernant leur « juste » prix, mais aussi celle de la priorisation dans leur accès sont également posées. Garantir une juste répartition des ressources du système de santé et fournir à tous le même accès à l’information, à la prévention ou aux services de santé débouchent sur l’importance de se donner un cadre général pour repenser la politique de santé publique, en y incluant la place des innovations en santé et y mettre beaucoup plus d’investissements qu’aujourd’hui. C’est une rupture majeure dans notre vision de la santé qui doit être partagée avec les citoyens.</div></div><div><div>Innovation in the healthcare sector is multifaceted. The concept of innovation in healthcare has scientific, medical, technical and economic dimensions, as well as organizational, social and political dimensions. An ethical assessment of health innovations, made possible by the knowledge produced by public and private research, as well as by industry, brings to the fore questions of personal autonomy and the accessibility of innovations to all, within the framework of the fundamental right to health protection. In the case of certain particularly costly healthcare innovations, specific questions are also raised concerning their “fair” price, as well as the question of prioritizing access to them. Guaranteeing a fair distribution of healthcare system resources and providing equal access to information, prevention and healthcare services for all means that we need to establish a general framework for rethinking public health policy, including the role of healthcare innovations and investing much more in them than we do today. This is a major break in our vision of healthcare, and one that needs to be shared with citizens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 251-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.09.001
B. Loddé , R. Pougnet , S. Chamot , N. Nourry , A. Benic
{"title":"Âgisme en santé au travail : point de vue conceptuel","authors":"B. Loddé , R. Pougnet , S. Chamot , N. Nourry , A. Benic","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>L’âgisme en santé au travail est une entité qui, jusqu’à présent, n’a été que très peu décrite dans la littérature scientifique alors que la conceptualisation de l’âgisme en milieu de travail s’est développée aux travers d’approches juridiques ou encore sociologiques au milieu du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle. De nombreux milieux professionnels semblent, à ce titre, pouvoir faire émerger ce concept où des personnes sont discriminées selon leur âge et sont susceptibles d’en souffrir psychiquement et/ou physiquement. Des exemples servent ici dans le développement de notre propos. Ainsi, par le biais d’éléments juridiques, sociologiques ou encore médicopsychologiques, nous proposons une conceptualisation de l’âgisme en santé au travail.</div></div><div><div>Ageism in occupational health is an entity which, until now, has been very little described in the scientific literature while the conceptualization of ageism in the workplace has developed through approaches legal or even sociological in the middle of the 20th century. Many professional sectors could, as such, bring about this concept where people are discriminated against based on their age and are likely to suffer psychologically and/or physically. Examples are used here in the development of our argument. Thus, through policy, sociological or even medico-psychological elements, we propose a conceptualization of ageism in occupational health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 312-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.07.010
T. Turroques
{"title":"Prendre soin quand on est soignant : compte rendu de l’ouvrage « Où vont les larmes quand elles sèchent » de Baptiste Beaulieu","authors":"T. Turroques","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 320-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.07.008
Ethique & santePub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.07.003
P. Poingt
{"title":"La transplantation cardiaque : performance technique ou aventure métaphysique ? Réflexions à partir d’une lecture de L’Intrus de Jean-Luc Nancy","authors":"P. Poingt","doi":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etiqe.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy underwent a heart transplant in 1992. Eight years later, he wrote L'Intrus (The Intruder), which attempts to reconstruct the mental chaos he experienced after the operation, describing how all the certainties about the identity of the subject and the relationship with the body were shattered. This article offers a few thoughts to further explore Nancy's ideas as expressed in this text. Even if it is widely accepted that a transplant cannot be reduced to replacing a failing organ with a healthy one, it is useful to understand how such a 'repair' may be experienced, and how it questions one's relationship with oneself and one's own body. Therefore, we need a phenomenology of the body. By drawing on analyses developed by Sartre and others, the move from the body-object to the body-subject could be clarified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72955,"journal":{"name":"Ethique & sante","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 285-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}