Engineering reports : open access最新文献

{"title":"MWCNT/SiO2 Hybrid Nano-PCM for Ultrafast Solar Cookers: An Experimental Study","authors":"T. Sathish,&nbsp;Jayant Giri,&nbsp;R. Saravanan,&nbsp;Zafar Said,&nbsp;Moaz Al-lehaibi","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pursuit of sustainable energy solutions is crucial in meeting global sustainable development goals (SDGs). This experimental study explores enhancing a box-type solar cooker's thermal performance through the integration of a hybrid nano-enhanced phase change material (PCM). Specifically, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silicon oxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles were incorporated into the PCM at a 2% concentration, with 1% each of MWCNT and SiO₂. The hybrid nano-PCM was meticulously prepared using ultrasonication to ensure optimal dispersion and homogeneity. This innovative approach significantly improved the cooker's efficiency, achieving a peak PCM temperature of 128.9°C, a cooking power of 47.6 W, an average efficiency of 28.5%, and an energy efficiency of 6.2%. Notably, the cooking time was halved, from 36.3 min to just 18 min, demonstrating the ultrafast capabilities of the solar cooker. These findings underscore the potential of the MWCNT/SiO₂ hybrid nano-PCM in revolutionizing solar cooking technology, offering a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient solution for sustainable energy harvesting.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NeuroSight: A Deep-Learning Integrated Efficient Approach to Brain Tumor Detection","authors":"Shafayat Bin Shabbir Mugdha,&nbsp;Mahtab Uddin","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brain tumors pose a significant health risk and require immediate attention. Despite progress, accurately classifying these tumors remains challenging due to their location, shape, and size variability. This has led to exploring deep learning and machine learning in biomedical imaging, particularly in processing and analyzing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. This study compared a newly developed Convolutional Neural Network model to pre-trained models using transfer learning, focusing on a comprehensive comparison involving VGG-16, ResNet-50, AlexNet, and Inception-v3. VGG-16 model outperformed all other models with 95.52% test accuracy, 99.87% training accuracy, and 0.2348 validation loss. ResNet-50 model got 93.31% test accuracy, 98.78% training accuracy, and 0.6327 validation loss. The CNN model has a 0.2960 validation loss, 92.59% test accuracy, and 98.11% training accuracy. The worst model seemed to be Inception-v3, with 89.40% test accuracy, 97.89% training accuracy, and 0.4418 validation loss. This approach facilitates deep-learning researchers in identifying and categorizing brain cancers by comparing recent papers and assessing deep-learning methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interconnected Microgrids Load-Frequency Control Using Stage-by-Stage Optimized TIDA+1 Error Signal Regulator","authors":"Hossein Shayeghi,&nbsp;Alireza Rahnama,&nbsp;Nicu Bizon,&nbsp;Antoni Szumny","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Load-frequency control (LFC) is essential for maintaining system stability and ensuring high power quality in microgrids (MGs), particularly those heavily reliant on renewable energy sources (RES) and operating independently of the main grid. This paper introduces a novel control strategy aimed at improving LFC performance in interconnected MGs by correcting the error signal. The proposed controller, denoted as TIDA+1, combines tilt, integrator, derivative, and acceleration operators in a parallel configuration to refine the incoming error signal. The controller parameters are optimized using a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with nonlinear time-varying acceleration coefficients (NTVAC). The controller's effectiveness is validated through four distinct scenarios, including sudden load variations, system modeling uncertainties, fluctuations in RES outputs, and the impact of nonlinearities. Additionally, a lab-scale evaluation of the controller has been conducted to further assess its practical applicability. Comparative results demonstrate that the TIDA+1 controller outperforms traditional controllers such as PID and FOPID, especially under complex operational conditions. The study highlights the TIDA+1 controller as a robust and viable solution for LFC in MGs, with potential for future scalability and application in larger systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy Analysis of Carreau Nanofluid Flow in the Presence of Joule Heating and Viscous Dissipation Past Unsteady Stretching Cylinder","authors":"Eshetu Haile Gorfie,&nbsp;Gizachew Bayou Zegeye,&nbsp;Gurju Awgichew Zergaw","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study aims to investigate the irreversibilities of a Carreau nanofluid flow over, unsteady stretching cylindrical sheet exposed to radiation, non-Darcy porous medium, viscous dissipation, joule heating, etc. It provides how energy produced in the nanofluid flow is used efficiently by minimizing the irreversibilities. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into first-order initial value problems by similarity transformation and linearization. The shooting technique and an open-source Python programming package are used to solve the initial value problems using the Runge–Kutta sixth-order, and the numerical approach is validated using published articles. Basic flow profiles and, most importantly, entropy generation are examined using graphs in relation to relevant parameters. Skin friction and the behavior of heat and mass fluxes in response to various parameters are also examined. The results of the study demonstrated that the entropy creation is initiated by an increase in the magnetic and curvature parameters, as well as the Eckert, Brinkman, and porosity parameters. However, when the Forchheimer number increases, entropy generation decreases. An increase in the Eckert number, Prandtl number, and radiation parameter motivates the irreversibility due to heat transfer, whereas as the Weissenberg number rises, the irreversibility of heat transfer falls around the wall. According to the numerical values in the table, growth in Weissenberg number, thermal Biot number, Forchheimer number, curvature parameter, and radiation parameter initiate the magnitude of the rate of heat and mass transfers. In contrast, the rates fell as the Eckert and Prandtl values rose. Analysis of energy conversions and system efficiency can be done using this study, particularly in heat engines, refrigeration systems, and other thermodynamic processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Agricultural Disease Detection: A Multi-Model Deep Learning Novel Approach","authors":"Muhammad Khalid Hamid,&nbsp;Said Khalid Shah,&nbsp;Ghassan Husnain,&nbsp;Yazeed Yasin Ghadi,&nbsp;Shahab Ahmad Al Maaytah,&nbsp;Ayman Qahmash","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Artificial intelligence, especially deep learning, has attracted significant interest in bioinformatics, with prominent applications in precision agriculture. A significant threat to the agricultural sector is the rapid propagation of diseases from affected to healthy plants, which, if undetected, may culminate in significant crop losses. This research focusses on employing multi-model deep-learning techniques to identify diseases in the leaves of economically significant crops that are potatoes, tomatoes, grapes, apples, and peaches. These crops are widely grown and crucial for food security, with disease outbreaks threatening yield and quality. This study evaluates the performance of deep learning models, including VGG16, MobileNetV2, Xception, and ResNet, using four metrics, that is, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and <i>F</i>1-Score. Furthermore, consumer research was undertaken to evaluate user trust in AI-driven multi-model systems, collecting feedback from farmers to inform future research directions. The results demonstrate that the VGG16 model outperformed all others in every evaluation criterion. Experimental simulations were performed in Jupyter Notebook utilizing Anaconda and Python. The findings indicate that the proposed multi-model approach allows a scalable, non-invasive, and contactless machine vision solution for the early detection of diseases in plant leaves, achieving an efficiency of 99% via multimodal classification techniques that incorporate statistical variables including mean, median, mode, skewness, and kurtosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy Generation Study on Natural and Forced Convection of Nanofluid Flow in Vertical Channels","authors":"S. E. Ghasemi,&nbsp;A. A. Ranjbar","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13096","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present research, the entropy generation (EG) for a nanofluid through vertical channels is analyzed numerically. The water-based suspension of alumina nanoparticles with different volume fractions is considered a heat transfer fluid. The nanofluid flow in the channel is under the effects of forced and natural convection simultaneously. For EG assessment, the values of EG number, Bejan number, EG ratio, and average EG number are evaluated comprehensively. The effect of changes in some parameters including Brinkman (Br) number, temperature difference, and concentration of nanoparticles in EG evaluation will be assessed. The results show that by increasing the temperature difference, the EG number is enhanced. Also from the results, the Bejan number increases by reducing the temperature difference.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Fuzzy Regression Parameters With ANFIS and Bayesian Methods","authors":"M. Pakdel,&nbsp;T. Razzaghnia,&nbsp;K. Fathi,&nbsp;A. Mostafaee","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In fuzzy regression, estimation of centers and spreads of triangular fuzzy numbers are both performed using the same methods, such as linear programming (LP), quadratic programming (QP), fuzzy weighted linear programming (FWLP), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). In this article, ANFIS and Bayesian methods have been adopted to estimate centers and spreads of a triangular fuzzy numbers are applied, respectively, for estimation of centers and spreads of the triangular fuzzy data. To illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach, three numerical examples have been used to verify the superiority of proposed method to other existing ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled Signal Technique in VL-NOMA Communication Under Interference-Controlled Environment With Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces","authors":"C. E. Ngene,&nbsp;Prabhat Thakur,&nbsp;Ghanshyam Singh","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes a controlled signal technique for visible light non-orthogonal multiple access (VL-NOMA) communication in an interference-controlled environment with intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) for beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G communication networks. The light-emitting diode (LED) is used for carrier signal generation to transmit signals to the two users (photodiodes, PDs) due to its advantages, such as its programmable nature and flexibility. The potential challenge is how the signals could be controlled with an IRS approach, which prompted this research. We have used IRS, which is a cutting-edge enabling technology that modifies the signal's reflection by utilizing numerous inexpensive passive reflecting elements to improve the signal's performance. Furthermore, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is deployed to control the reflected signals, simulate, make decisions, and link LED-IRS-PDs, redirecting the signals. The entire system is successfully synchronized, and then the bit error rate (BER), line of sight (LOS), and non-line of sight (NLOS) performances are investigated. Furthermore, we place a blocker at the center of the model as a NLOS to check how the transmitted signals will perform. We observed that the propagated signal improved the BER as per LOS, hence, the NLOS blocker reduced the signal's performance. Furthermore, we optimized the signals to investigate BER, LOS, and NLOS signal performance. We observed that LOS signals performed better than NLOS signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetohydrodynamic Peristaltic Propulsion of Casson Nanofluids With Slip Effects Over Heterogeneous Rough Channel","authors":"Hanumesh Vaidya,&nbsp;Fateh Mebarek-Oudina,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar,&nbsp;C. Rajashekhar,&nbsp;Kerehalli Vinayaka Prasad,&nbsp;Sangeeta Kalal,&nbsp;Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The significance of this study is to understand the complex interplay between fluid flow and surface roughness. Modeling surface roughness adds a new dimension for examining fluid dynamics, which is essential for understanding phenomena like drag force, heat transfer, and mass transfer. In this context, the aim of the present work focuses on modeling the magnetohydrodynamic peristaltic slip flow of Casson nanofluid and analyzing the role of multiple slip effects over a non-uniform rough channel. A novel rough non-uniform model is effectively governed by a set of nonlinear coupled governing partial differential equations, which are simplified under long wavelength and creeping flow approximations. The resulting simplified equations are solved numerically using Mathematica's built-in ND-Solve tool. The study primarily examines the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles graphically for various pertinent physiological parameters. Additionally, engineering interests like skin friction coefficients, Nusselt numbers, and Sherwood numbers are reported in tabular form, revealing intrinsic flow oscillations. The results are further explored by analyzing pressure drop, friction force, and bolus shapes created by the sinusoidal motion of the fluid. Such insights are vital for comprehending internal fluctuations during peristaltic transport. In summary, skin friction and Nusselt numbers are typically higher for rough versus smooth surfaces. Also, roughness induces stresses, conductive-convective heat transfer, and viscous effects. Further, magnetically activated rough surfaces and nanoparticle interactions create flux balances. Magnetic effects reduce bolus size due to resistive forces. The findings of this study have important applications in biomedical engineering, aerospace engineering, heat transfer enhancement, and environmental remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anonymous Authentication Scheme Based on Physically Unclonable Function and Biometrics for Smart Cities","authors":"Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi,&nbsp;Ahmad A. AlRababah,&nbsp;Ganesh Keshaorao Yenurkar,&nbsp;Ravikumar Chinthaginjala,&nbsp;Muhammad Yasir","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Smart cities amalgamate technologies such as Internet of Things, big data analytics, and cloud computing to collect and analyze large volumes of data from varied sources which facilitate intelligent surveillance, enhanced energy management systems, and environmental monitoring. The ultimate goal of these smart cities is to offer city residents with better services, opportunities, and quality of life. However, the vulnerabilities in the underlying smart city technologies, interconnection of heterogeneous devices, and transfer of data over the open public channels expose these networks to a myriad of security and privacy threats. Therefore, many security solutions have been presented in the literature. However, the majority of these techniques still have numerous performance, privacy, and security challenges that need to be addressed. To this end, we present an anonymous authentication scheme for the smart cities based on physically unclonable function and user biometrics. Its formal security analysis using the Real-Or-Random (ROR) model demonstrates the robustness of the negotiated session key against active and passive attacks. In addition, the informal security analysis shows that it supports salient functional and security features such as mutual authentication, key agreement, perfect key secrecy, anonymity, and untraceability. It is also shown to withstand typical smart city threats such as side-channeling, offline guessing, session key disclosure, eavesdropping, session hijacking, privileged insider, and impersonation attacks. Moreover, comparative performance shows that it incurs the lowest energy and computation costs at relatively low communication overheads.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}