Engineering reports : open access最新文献

{"title":"Numerical Exploration of Magneto-Convection and Diffusion in Gravity-Influenced Jeffrey Fluid Flow With Suction/Injection Over a Stretching Sheet","authors":"S. Vigneshwari,&nbsp;B. Reddappa,&nbsp;B. Prabhakar Reddy,&nbsp;Hakan F. Öztop","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70411","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fluids composed of Jeffrey are collectively known as non-Newtonian fluids. Some of the application areas include electronic cooling, and designing along with optimizing of Magnetohydrodynamic pump and generator coupled with their heat transfer in different industrial processes. The aim of the present study is to investigate the gravity-driven unsteady magnetohydrodynamic transport of Jeffrey fluid over the stretching sheet. It deals with an electrically conducting fluid that is incompressible and has a uniform magnetic field that is applied perpendicular to the flow. The proposed physical context is represented by the partial differential equations covering boundary conditions. To solve the boundary value problem, the system of nonlinear equations is reduced to first-order form and efficiently solved using the Runge–Kutta based BVP4c technique in MATLAB. The graphical representations of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are provided to illustrate their variations in response to changes in several parameters whereas the numerical computation of Nusselt number, shear stress and Sherwood number in reaction to different input parameters is shown in tabular form. The results of the study indicate that increasing the magnetic parameter <i>M</i> and chemical reaction rate <i>K</i>₁ significantly suppresses velocity due to enhanced Lorentz and resistive forces, while increasing the temperature and concentration profiles due to reduced convective and diffusive transport. The Jeffrey parameter <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {lambda}_1 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> intensifies fluid retardation and heat accumulation. Higher values of <i>Sc</i> and Pr reduce concentration and temperature respectively due to lower diffusivity. The numerical results are validated by comparing limiting cases with existing benchmark solutions and show excellent agreement. The outcomes of this study are applicable to magnetically controlled thermal systems, non-Newtonian polymer processing, biomedical transport modeling, and high-performance electronic cooling, where precise control of flow, heat and mass transfer is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70411","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on Wear Performance of Dissimilar Aluminium Alloy FSW Joints Optimized by RSM and Desirability Approach","authors":"Seenivasan Soundararjan,&nbsp;Sathish Kannan,&nbsp;K. Geetha,&nbsp;C. Jeevakarunya,&nbsp;Manikandan Sundaram,&nbsp;A. Saiyathibrahim,&nbsp;A. Johnson Santhosh","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70402","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to optimize the dry sliding wear performance in a pin-on-drum setup of friction stir welding (FSW) processed dissimilar AA5052 and AA2014 aluminium alloys using a systematic approach using Response Surface Methodology with a Box–Behnken Design. The investigation focused on examining the interplay between four critical wear test parameters—normal force, friction distance, sliding velocity, and the geometry of the FSWed specimen (Square, Triangle, and Cylinder Pin)—and their effects on wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF), the key indicators of tribological performance. The results of analysis of variance revealed that normal force and friction distance exerted the most significant impact on both responses, with higher levels of these parameters generally leading to increased wear and friction. Sliding velocity (0.5–1.5 m/s) had a non-linear effect on wear rate (minimal at 1 m/s) and reduced COF by 6%–8% at higher velocities, though these effects were statistically insignificant compared to normal force and friction distance. Notably, the geometry of the FSWed specimen exhibited a significant influence, with the square pin generally showing lower wear and friction compared to other pins. This optimization process yielded the following specific settings: normal force of 5.29818 N, friction distance of 790.3559 m, sliding velocity of 1.4688445 m/s, and the use of a square pin as the FSWed specimen. The deviations between predicted and experimental values were 15.65% for wear rate and 10.76% for COF—both within acceptable limits for tribological analyses. Microstructural analysis revealed dynamic recrystallization in the stir zone, producing refined grains and a uniform dispersion of Al₂CuMg precipitates that enhanced hardness and wear resistance. A comparison of worn surfaces under maximum-wear and optimized conditions revealed a transition from severe abrasive wear with significant material removal to a regime of milder abrasion with reduced surface damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Embedded of a Fast, Light and Robust Chaos-Based Cryptosystem in NEXYS4 FPGA Card for Real Time Color Image Security (CBC in N-FPGA-RTCIP)","authors":"Fritz Nguemo Kemdoum,&nbsp;Gideon Pagnol Ayemtsa Kuete,&nbsp;Serge Raoul Dzonde Naoussi,&nbsp;Justin Roger Mboupda Pone,&nbsp;Wulfran Fendzi Mbasso","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70319","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, we put forth a rapid, lightweight, and resilient chaos-based cryptographic system (CBC-RTCIP) designed for the encryption of real-time color images, executed on a Nexys4 FPGA platform. In contrast to traditional methodologies that consider RGB channels independently, our novel approach leverages the inter-channel dependencies through the implementation of dual S-boxes, pixel-channel concatenation, and a pseudo-random number generator based on Chen chaotic oscillator. The system effectively accomplishes substantial confusion and diffusion while maintaining minimal hardware overhead. Empirical findings reveal a near-optimal global Shannon entropy of 7.99943, alongside formidable resistance to differential attacks, evidenced by NPCR and UACI metrics of 99.5978% and 33.4549%, respectively. The design attains an impressive throughput of 1021.44 Mb/s while consuming a mere 115 mW at a clock frequency of 42.56 MHz, thereby affirming its appropriateness for real-time embedded systems and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Moreover, the system demonstrates resilience against statistical, differential, and data loss attacks, thereby substantiating its robustness and practical applicability. These outcomes position CBC-RTCIP as an efficient and secure methodology for safeguarding visual data in critical fields such as medical imaging and intelligent surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rise of Large Language Models: Evolution, Applications, and Future Directions","authors":"Amir Masoud Rahmani,&nbsp;Atefeh Hemmati,&nbsp;Shirin Abbasi","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70368","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly revolutionized natural language processing tasks across various domains; however, understanding how to effectively evaluate and adapt them to specific application contexts remains an open challenge. This paper presents a systematic review of 53 studies that analyze recent trends in rapid context-aware engineering, model selection, and evaluation frameworks for LLMs. Our review identifies methodological gaps, such as limited formalism in context modeling and inconsistent use of performance metrics. We also propose a multidimensional taxonomy that covers context types, rapid adaptation strategies, model alignment techniques, and evaluation approaches. The aim of this survey research is to guide researchers and practitioners in designing scalable, reliable, and context-sensitive LLM systems. The findings offer a foundation for future work on integrating LLMs into real-world systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Analysis of the Voltage Drivers' Effects on Creating Stability in Variable-Speed Pumped-Storage Power Plant","authors":"Mohammad Reza Semsar,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Hassan Hosseini,&nbsp;Seyed Babak Mozaffari,&nbsp;Seyed Ebrahim Afjei","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enhancing the stability and efficiency of variable speed pumped storage power plants through advanced multilevel converter drivers ensuring high-quality energy production and stable steady-state operation in large-scale power plants such as variable speed pumped storage power plants (VSPSPs) is a critical challenge for power grids. The role of advanced drivers utilizing multi-level voltage source converter (MLVSC) technology in enhancing the stability and efficiency of VSPSPs throughout power grid duty cycles is undeniable. This study investigates the impact of innovative driver designs on improving steady-state operation in VSPSPs. A novel driver featuring a flexible DC link and an advanced control topology is introduced, incorporating two-level and three-level voltage source converters (2LVSC/3LVSC) with an innovative 8 + 1 power module arrangement. To validate the proposed approach, a 250 MW VSPSP is compared to a 2.2 kW variable speed wind power plant (VSWP), assessing steady-state performance and thermal stability. Simulation results and statistical analyses conducted by use of MATLAB and PLEXIM software confirm that the implementation of 3LVSC-ANPC (8 + 1) drivers with direct torque and flux control (DTFC) significantly enhances the steady-state performance of the VSPSP. Additionally, this approach improves mean time between failures (MTBF), system reliability, repair speed, and maintenance efficiency, while reducing losses and increasing overall energy efficiency. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed driver technology in optimizing VSPSP performance and ensuring long-term operational stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANN and RSM-Based Comparison on a Natural Convective Octagonal Cavity Containing Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Including External Magnetic Field","authors":"Rupa Kundu,&nbsp;Saiful Islam,&nbsp;Ritu Aktary,&nbsp;Sweety Khatun,&nbsp;Md. Sirajul Islam","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The primary aim of this work is to explore how an external magnetic field affects the natural convective fluid and thermal transmission in an octagonal cavity filled with a Cu-CuO-Al₂O₃-H₂O ternary hybrid nanofluid because of the numerous practical uses of natural convection. The cavity's center is occupied by a circular uniform heat source (T_h), and the vertical walls act as a heat sink (T_c). Thermal insulation is installed in the remaining walls. The finite element method (FEM) is used to numerically simulate the governing equations. Artificial neural network (ANN) is utilized for data prediction, and another statistical technique called response surface methodology (RSM) is also applied. The results are expressed in terms of average Nusselt number (Nu_av), isotherms, streamlines, and velocity profiles for different values of Rayleigh number (<i>Ra</i>), Hartmann number (<i>Ha</i>), and nanoparticle volume fraction (<i>ϕ</i>). RSM is also used to make a proper correlation between <i>Ra</i>, <i>Ha</i>, and <i>ϕ</i> with the response Nu_av. The findings of examining the rate of sensitivity show that although <i>Ha</i> shows the opposite tendency, <i>Ra</i> increases thermal performance. Moreover, adding solid particles of Cu, CuO, and Al₂O₃ to H₂O rather than the base fluid increases the rate of heat transfer by up to 10.73%. A strong basis for thermal system optimization using a ternary hybrid nanofluid is provided by the combination of numerical, statistical, and ANN methods for the investigation and guess of heat passage methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Maximum Power Point Tracking in Photovoltaic Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Classical, AI-Based, and Metaheuristic Optimization Techniques","authors":"Salam J. Yaqoob,&nbsp;Husam Arnoos,&nbsp;Naseer T. Alwan,&nbsp;Mohit Bajaj,&nbsp;Ietiqal M. Alwan,&nbsp;Mohanad Hasan Ali Aljanabi,&nbsp;Basem Abu Zneid,&nbsp;Mebratu Sintie Geremew","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70404","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photovoltaic (PV) systems play a vital role in harnessing solar energy, which has become increasingly important due to growing environmental concerns and the pressing demand for renewable energy sources (RES). Maximizing the efficiency and enhancing the performance of PV systems heavily depend on effective optimization techniques, particularly those based on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). This paper offers a thorough review of various MPPT methodologies, emphasizing their respective contributions to enhancing power extraction in PV systems. Additionally, it explores the intersection of innovation with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and metaheuristic optimization in advancing MPPT techniques. The study underscores the pivotal role of MPPT in enhancing PV system efficiency and identifies emerging trends in AI-based techniques and metaheuristic optimization algorithms. The findings demonstrate the exceptional accuracy and flexibility of these strategies in monitoring the elusive Maximum Power Point (MPP) under changing environmental conditions. Moreover, the integration of metaheuristic optimization (MO) based MPPT methods is shown to effectively address the inherent challenges associated with conventional approaches. The paper concludes by emphasizing the potential of metaheuristic algorithms to traverse the intricate and non-linear attributes of PV systems, enabling the extraction of the highest possible power output across different environmental situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power Quality Day-Ahead Evaluation in MicrogridPower Consumption Plans Using L-Transform Differential, LSTM Deep, and EnsembleTree Learning Based on NWP Replacements","authors":"Ladislav Zjavka","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70333","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Detachable smart systems contingent on unsteady renewable energy (RE) require timely planning and control in power demand and storage on daily scheduling. Power quality (PQ) denotes the fault-free operation of grids in various modes of household use. The great variability in detached system states and exponential increase in combinatorial load under uncertain environments make optimization difficult. Algebraic equations cannot define exact relations between PQ parameters and observational data. For that reason, statistical artificial intelligence (AI) helps to model the characteristics of undefined systems in local atmospheric and terrain uncertainties. The RE production and operational conditions primarily determine the first plans of power consumption, which are re-evaluated and optimized secondary to PQ. User needs are accommodated and balanced with daily energy and charge potential in acceptable terms. The main question is the first efficient algorithmizing of load scheduling tasks and their consequent day-to-day verification in the proposed two-stage PQ irregularity revealing tool. A new unconventional neurocomputing strategy, called Differential Learning (DfL), allows modeling high dynamical PQ characteristics without behavioral knowledge, considering only input–output data. The DfL results were evaluated with deep and stochastic learning. Their models produce similar output, except for a deep learning deficiency in voltage. The numerical results show DfL superiority and better stability in computing power and power factor (avg. RMSE = 0.29 kW and 0.032), while probabilistic learning predominates in voltage (RMSE = 1.95 V). After an initial pre-processing of the training series, the detected weather and binary-coded load combination time interval samples are used in training. AI statistics allow processing entire 24-h forecast series, replacing related real-valued quantities available in the learning stage to compute final PQ targets at the corresponding prediction times. Parametric C++ software including measured system and environment observation data is accessible in public data archives to allow for additional experimental comparisons and investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impacts of Recycled Concrete Aggregates and Fiber Architecture on the Mechanical Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Reinforced With Steel Fibers: Role of Meso-Scale Toughening Mechanisms","authors":"Abdullah Davoudi-Kia,&nbsp;Zaniar Tokmechi,&nbsp;Emran Babajanipoor-Seyedkheili","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recycling end-of-life concrete as an aggregate source can promote sustainability in the construction industry. However, this is prohibited by inherent defects of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs). Therefore, current study delves into influences of utilizing RCA with different sizes and reinforcing fiber with different architectures on the mechanical and cracking behavior of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). It is observed that RAC's compressive strength exacerbates with rising substitution levels in an almost linear decreasing trend. However, fine RAC exhibited better compressive performance than the coarse one. Reinforcing steel fibers improved the mechanical strengths of RAC. However, regardless of fiber content, utilizing 3D spiral-fiber resulted in better performance in different mechanical strengths than 1D straight-fiber. In addition, meso-scale toughening mechanisms that can be activated in RAC and can enhance its performance were discussed. The findings of this study provide technical support for introducing “spiral-fiber reinforced fine RAC” as crack-resistance sustainable cement-based material.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Drilling Control Variables for Enhanced Electric Discharge Machining Performance in Aluminum Hybrid Nanocomposite","authors":"S. Prathap Singh,&nbsp;Abhijit Bhowmik,&nbsp;Nagaraj Ashok","doi":"10.1002/eng2.70403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70403","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A study optimized drilling control variables for electric discharge machining (EDM) of aluminum (Al) 6061 matrix alloy, reinforced with 0.6 wt.% silicon carbide (SiC) and 0.2 wt.% boron carbide (B₄C) hybrid nano metal matrix composite (MMC) using ultrasonic-aided stir casting. Examination of physical, mechanical, and microstructural parameters revealed that adding nanoparticles increased the density of Al 6061 alloy to 2.698 g/cm³. The Vicker's microhardness was 63.795 HV, 18% higher than the Al 6061 matrix alloy. The metallurgical inspection validated the uniform distribution of SiC and B₄C nanoparticles. Taguchi assessed the effects of pulse current, pulse on time, and gap voltage on surface roughness and overcut. Experimental studies of surface roughness show that pulse current (52.31%) is the drilling control variable with the highest impact. For overcut, pulse current is the primary drilling control variable at 66.02%. The hi-resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM) showed that pulse current increased crater size.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.70403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}