Engineering reports : open access最新文献

{"title":"Structural Optimization Design of Automobile Windshield Heating Furnace Based on Workbench","authors":"Anheng Wang,&nbsp;Tao Wang,&nbsp;Chuanwen Ling,&nbsp;Hui Wang,&nbsp;Xiang Zhao,&nbsp;Wentao Zhu","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article optimizes the structural optimization of the high-temperature heating furnace used in the front glass manufacturing process of automobiles. In order to improve the heat condition in the glass forming process, the steady-state thermal module of the finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench is used to simulate the thermal forming process of the automotive front gear glass, and the influence of the specific heat of the front gear glass at rising temperature, the coefficient of thermal expansion, the coefficient of radiation heat transfer, and other parameters on the forming accuracy are studied. The mechanical properties and viscosity curve of the front glass were analyzed with the change of temperature, the collaborative service integration of “preheating-injection molding-pressing-gluing” of the front glass was established, the thermoforming process was optimized, the temperature–force field thermodynamic coupling model was created, and the reliability of the constitutive model and simulation of the front glass was verified. It makes up for the deficiency that the existing theoretical research is separated from the actual generation and cannot play an effective guide to the production practice. This paper provides a new scheme for the structure design of automotive front gear glass heating furnace and provides reference for other similar forming structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PD_EBM: An Integrated Boosting Approach Based on Selective Features for Unveiling Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis With Global and Local Explanations","authors":"Fahmida Khanom,&nbsp;Mohammad Shorif Uddin,&nbsp;Rafid Mostafiz","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Early detection and characterization are crucial for treating and managing Parkinson's disease (PD). The increasing prevalence of PD and its significant impact on the motor neurons of the brain impose a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Early-stage detection is vital for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. This study introduces an ensemble boosting machine, termed PD_EBM, for the detection of PD. PD_EBM leverages machine learning (ML) algorithms and a hybrid feature selection approach to enhance diagnostic accuracy. While ML has shown promise in medical applications for PD detection, the interpretability of these models remains a significant challenge. Explainable machine learning (XML) addresses this by providing transparency and clarity in model predictions. Techniques such as Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) have become popular for interpreting these models. Our experiment used a dataset of 195 clinical records of PD patients from the University of California Irvine (UCI) Machine Learning repository. Comprehensive data preparation included encoding categorical features, imputing missing values, removing outliers, addressing data imbalance, scaling data, selecting relevant features, and so on. We propose a hybrid boosting framework that focuses on the most important features for prediction. Our boosting model employs a Decision Tree (DT) classifier with AdaBoost, followed by a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) optimizer, achieving an impressive accuracy of 99.44%, outperforming other boosting models.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Principles Study of Electronic, Vibrational, Elastic, and Thermodynamic Properties of Sc-X (X = P, S, Se) Compounds","authors":"S. K. Yadav,&nbsp;S. Dahal,&nbsp;R. Khadka,&nbsp;B. Guragain,&nbsp;P. Pokharel,&nbsp;P. Oli,&nbsp;D. Adhikari","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The available literature on Sc-X (X = P, S, Se) compounds was comprehensively reviewed which revealed the unavailability of temperature-dependent mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the materials to date. In this regard, the mixing properties of the compounds were investigated on the basis of density functional theory using Quantum ESSPRESSO codes. The obtained results of structural stability, electronic and mechanical properties of the work were found to be consistent with the available literature data which validates the present computational approach. The considered compounds were found to be stable and elastic constants satisfied the Born stability criteria. The phonon dispersion curves and phonon density of states were calculated which confirmed their dynamic stability. Using the same functionals, temperature-dependent mechanical properties such as isothermal bulk modulus (B_T), isoentropic bulk modulus (B_S), B_S-B_T, and the pressure derivative of the bulk modulus (dB/dP) were calculated in the temperature range 0–800 K. In thermodynamic properties, Helmholtz free energy, thermal energy, vibrational free energy, entropy, vibrational energy, thermal expansion, Grüneisen parameter, isochoric heat capacity (<i>C</i>_v), isobaric heat capacity (<i>C</i>_p), and <i>C</i>_p-<i>C</i>_v, were also investigated in the temperature range.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of Safranin-O Dye Onto Almond Shell Sustainable Activated Carbon: Identifying Key Process Factors and Their Effects","authors":"Nawras J. Jassim,&nbsp;Fitna H. Younis,&nbsp;Maher T. Alshamkhani","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water pollution is a critical issue requiring urgent action to minimize contamination and ensure a sustainable future for humanity. Dyes are widely utilized in many industries, generating worries about water contamination. This study aimed to develop an inexpensive and sustainable process for safranin dye removal from polluted water using biomass waste. Almond shells were carbonized at a temperature of 500°C and then chemically activated using phosphoric acid to produce activated carbon. The activated carbon samples were analyzed using (XRD), (SEM), (EDX), N₂-adsorption–desorption isotherms, and (FTIR) analysis. Activated carbon was selected and evaluated for its ability to adsorb safranin dye from simulated wastewater. A definitive screening design DSC was utilized to quickly examine the impact of six adsorption process factors (initial dye concentration, pH, ionic strength, adsorbent dose, contact time, and ultrasonic power) on the adsorption capacity of safranin dye. A mathematical model was developed to determine the effect of each factor and the contribution and interactions between the factors on the adsorption capacity of safranin dye. The experimental results showed that the initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, and ultrasonic power effects were most important. In contrast, the contact time and ionic strength do not have a clear and significant impact. The outcomes were promising, wherein the maximum adsorption capacity of safranin-O dye was 57.4 mg/g (25°C), 300 mg/L initial dye concentration,100 mg adsorbent dose, pH in the range 7–10, and 228-W ultrasonic power. The adsorption experimental equilibrium data show that the Langmuir model is suitable for safranin-O adsorption behavior. Kinetic experimental data showed that the adsorption processes followed pseudo-second-order. The reported results revealed that the DSD experimental design can be utilized to determine the essential and non-essential factors in the batch adsorption process of safranin-O by reducing time, cost, and number of experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Structure of High Voltage Gain DC-DC Converters for Photovoltaic (PV) Applications","authors":"Farzad Karimian,&nbsp;Ali Nahavandi,&nbsp;Pouria Pakbaz","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, a new structure of high-voltage-gain DC-DC boost converters is proposed for photovoltaic applications. The proposed converter has high voltage gain and low voltage stress on switches and diodes, which is the main factor in reducing losses and increasing circuit efficiency. The switching elements of the circuit have a common ground with each other and with the output, making the control of the switching elements simpler. This converter can be fed from two input power sources in such a way that the output voltage of two separate solar panels can be converted to input and have a high voltage level at the output. Some of the diodes that are used in the proposed converter operate under zero voltage and zero current turning on and turning off, which reduces circuit losses. The proposed converter has two modes of operation. After analysis and calculations, the proposed converter is simulated using Matlab/Simulink. Finally, a laboratory prototype of the proposed converter is presented to verify its performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cascade Controller Design for a Single-Stage Charger to Inspect Distortion Power Factor, and Grid-Side Voltage Harmonics","authors":"Mahdi Maleki,&nbsp;Milad Rahimipour Behbahani,&nbsp;Alireza Jalilian","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electric vehicles (EVs) are poised to take center stage in daily transportation, gradually replacing vehicles solely reliant on combustion engines. Therefore, it is essential to address power quality issues associated with their integration into smart cities. Interleaved DC-to-DC boost converters are utilized to fulfill the objectives of voltage regulation and power factor correction (PFC) by controlling the duty cycle of their operational switches. The voltage regulation and reactive power compensation are addressed by the outer and inner control loops, respectively. Average current mode control is implemented to align the drawn current with the source voltage, even though it includes indispensable nonfundamental harmonic components. Voltage and current harmonics analyses are performed, and then the distortion power factor (DPF) is calculated. The charger's DPF and its efficiency factor are calculated to be 0.8583 and 0.935, respectively. To demonstrate the ascendancy of the control strategy, the charger's characteristics are compared to those of an uncontrolled charger with a proposed boost converter. The total harmonic distortion (THD) for the controlled current and voltage is significantly less than that of the uncontrolled charger design.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counterfactual Based Approaches for Feature Attributions of Stress Factors Affecting Rice Yield","authors":"Nisha P. Shetty,&nbsp;Balachandra Muniyal,&nbsp;Ketavarapu Sriyans,&nbsp;Kunyalik Garg,&nbsp;Shiv Pratap,&nbsp;Aman Priyanshu,&nbsp;Dhruthi Kumar","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agriculture is a crucial sector in many countries, particularly in India, where it significantly influences the economy, food supply, and rural livelihoods. The increased integration of Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML) into agriculture has enabled substantial advancements in predicting crop yields and analyzing factors affecting them. The counterfactual reasoning framework of DICE outperforms LIME and DICE in offering finer insights into feature importance and the relative impact of different factors on yield prediction. DICE provided the clearest causal insights, demonstrating how adjustments to attributes like sandy alfisols and surface texture could lead to significant changes in crop yield by affecting water retention and nutrient availability. SHAP ranked features like phosphate and potash based on their average importance across the dataset, offering a global view of influential factors but lacking in-depth causal understanding. LIME provided localized insights on immediate influences, such as average rainfall and nitrogen content, although it fell short in revealing broader causal interactions essential for targeted agricultural interventions. The findings highlight the significance of counterfactual explanations in agricultural ML models, as they provide a robust understanding of causal relationships, going beyond correlation-based attributions. The study provides understandable and practical insights, allowing for focused actions to enhance productivity and adaptability in agriculture. By improving the interpretability of agricultural machine learning models, the research ultimately supports the creation of predictive systems that strengthen sustainable practices and economic development within the agricultural industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Performance of Concrete Coupled Shearwall Using Shape Memory Alloys","authors":"Hamidreza Nasiri,&nbsp;Mehdi Ghassemieh","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Utilizing self-centering materials, such as shape memory alloys (SMA), as reinforcement in concrete structures can positively influence their performance during and after earthquakes. Despite the high cost of SMAs, their unique flag-shaped stress–strain behavior and effective energy dissipation make them an attractive material choice in some structures. This study evaluates the application of iron-based SMAs in enhancing the seismic performance of coupled concrete shear walls. The purpose is to identify optimal SMA placement strategies within the walls' plastic hinges to improve energy dissipation, reduce residual drift, and enhance ductility. This research explores pre-tensioned and non-pre-tensioned SMA configurations through macro-element modeling and cyclic analysis. Presenting a comparative framework that balances material efficiency and structural performance differentiates this study from prior studies focused predominantly on SMA benefits in isolated structural applications. Two optimization scenarios are proposed: maximizing energy dissipation and minimizing residual drift, and reducing SMA usage while maintaining structural efficiency. The results indicate that pre-tensioned SMAs in the wall web provide the most significant improvement in seismic behavior, significantly reducing residual drift and increasing ductility. This approach offers a cost-effective solution for improving earthquake resilience in structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability Assessment of an Improved Single-Input Switched-Capacitor Boost 7/9-Level Inverter Suitable for Renewable Energies","authors":"Armin Ghelichi,&nbsp;Kazem Varesi,&nbsp;Milad Khoubrooy Eslamloo","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes an improved single-source switched-capacitor inverter that can operate either as 7 or 9-level inverter based on its capacitors' charging scenario. The proposed inverter utilizes single DC supply, two capacitors, ten switches (all unidirectional) and a single diode to provide a triple/quadruple boosting factor in its seven/nine-level operation mode. In 7-level (7 L) operation mode, both the capacitors are charged to identical voltage value (equal to the source voltage), but in 9-level (9 L) mode, the capacitors are charged to different voltages. Any load type with variety of power factors can be supplied by the proposed inverter. The capacitors' impulsive charging current issue has been solved by employing compact (small-inductor based) and low-cost soft-charging L-D cells. The reliability assessments have also been performed on the proposed 7/9-level inverter. The superiority of the proposed inverter over its similar counterparts have been verified by comprehensive comparative analysis. The experimental outcomes have also been provided to make sure of correct performance of proposed inverter.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monte–Carlo Techniques Applied to CGH Generation Processes and Their Impact on the Image Quality Obtained","authors":"Juan A. Magallón,&nbsp;Alfonso Blesa,&nbsp;Francisco J. Serón","doi":"10.1002/eng2.13109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.13109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Computer graphics aim to create visual representations for screens, where depth is simulated. In contrast, Computed Generated Holograms (CGH) focus on encoding and recreating light patterns to generate a true 3D holographic image that appears as a physical object in space. Therefore, although both use digital models, the computation of CGHs necessitates additional phase-related calculations, which in turn escalate computational demands. These calculations often result in excessively long development times or, at worst, render the process unfeasible. In order to reduce computational time, Partial Monte–Carlo Sampling (PMCS) techniques for CGH generation are presented, integrating them into the whole process of generating a CGH for a synthetic 3D scene, from design to rendering. PMCS is based on the random choice of a subset of rays used to compute the CGH and relates the computation time spent to the quality of the reconstructed scene. Quantitative analysis shows that PMCS does not significantly compromise image quality. Both simulated and in-laboratory image reconstruction from holograms demonstrates consistent trends, showcasing improved quality with higher numbers of rays and increased resolution. Furthermore, we establish a direct relationship between image quality and computational time, which effectively addresses specific requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":72922,"journal":{"name":"Engineering reports : open access","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eng2.13109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}