Addiction Biology最新文献

{"title":"Treadmill Exercise Training Ameliorates Apoptotic Cells and DNA Oxidation in the Cerebral Cortex of Rats Exposed to Chronic Ketamine Abuse","authors":"Salar Sabziparvar,&nbsp;Kazem Khodaei,&nbsp;Javad Tolouei Azar","doi":"10.1111/adb.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ketamine abuse damages brain function and structure, increasing reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in the cerebral cortex, but moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) can enhance antioxidant defences and reduce apoptosis. Therefore, we aimed to answer whether MICT can reduce the side effects of chronic ketamine abuse.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>24 Wistar rats were split into control (CON), ketamine abuse (KET), exercise after ketamine withdrawal (KET + EX), and non-intervention ketamine withdrawal (KET + WD) groups. Ketamine intervention groups received 50 mg/kg/day ketamine for 8 weeks; KET + EX underwent 5 MICT sessions/week at 60–75% VO2max for 8 weeks post-withdrawal. Post-sampling of cerebral cortex, we evaluated histological changes, apoptotic cell numbers, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 mRNA/protein, 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (OXO) expression, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) mRNA and other oxidative stress and antioxidant markers levels. Effect sizes (ES) were used to assess group differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MICT significantly reduced apoptotic cells (ES = 14.24, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), decreased Bax and caspase-3 protein expression, and increased Bcl-2 compared to the KET group (Bax: ES = 2.77, <i>p</i> = 0.005; caspase-3: ES = 7.73, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001; Bcl-2: ES = 12.11, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). It also lowered Bax and caspase-3 mRNA (Bax: ES = 4, <i>p</i> = 0.014; caspase-3: ES = 2.29, <i>p</i> = 0.024). MICT reduced OXO and increased GR and GPX mRNA and nitric oxide (NO) level (GR: ES = 2.02, <i>p</i> = 0.016; GPX: ES = 1.98, <i>p</i> = 0.035; OXO: ES = 11.39, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001; NO: ES = 3.52, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Levels of malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase remained unchanged between groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MICT seems effective in reducing apoptosis and oxidative damage in the cerebral cortex of rats with long-term ketamine abuse.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance of Probabilistic Reversal Learning for Adolescent Drinking Trajectories","authors":"Juliane H. Fröhner,&nbsp;Maria Waltmann,&nbsp;Andrea M. F. Reiter,&nbsp;Anja Kräplin,&nbsp;Michael N. Smolka","doi":"10.1111/adb.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the many human capabilities acquired during adolescence is the adaptivity in changing environments. In this longitudinal study, we investigated this adaptivity, as measured by probabilistic reversal learning (PReL) tasks, in <i>N</i> = 143 adolescents at ages 14, 16 and 18. Computational modelling and functional magnetic resonance imaging were applied to identify the neurocognitive processes underlying reversal learning and its development. Previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between heavy alcohol use and impaired reversal learning. Our hypothesis was that PReL is negatively associated with current and future alcohol use and that alcohol use impairs PReL by altering neurocognitive processes. Behaviourally, PReL performance improved, which was associated with a lower probability of switching choices and was considered an adaptive process. Computationally, this was accounted for by higher learning rates, enhanced sensitivity to wins and reduced sensitivity to losses in older adolescents. Alcohol consumption increased but remained at a low level for most participants. More risky drinking was associated with less medial frontal activity elicited by reward prediction errors. These findings suggest that reversal learning may be more relevant for the maintenance or escalation of risky than for low-level drinking. Challenges and potential solutions for longitudinal studies such as reliability are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Functional Connectivity Dynamics Serving Cognitive Flexibility in Regular Cannabis Users","authors":"Kellen M. McDonald,&nbsp;Mikki Schantell,&nbsp;Jason A. John,&nbsp;Anna T. Coutant,&nbsp;Ryan Glesinger,&nbsp;Lucy K. Horne,&nbsp;Hannah J. Okelberry,&nbsp;Seth D. Springer,&nbsp;Christine M. Embury,&nbsp;Yasra Arif,&nbsp;Tony W. Wilson","doi":"10.1111/adb.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite its widespread use and popularity, cannabis is known to impact higher order cognitive processes such as attention and executive function. However, far less is known about the impact of chronic cannabis use on cognitive flexibility, a component of executive function, and this is especially true for the underlying functional connectivity dynamics. To address this, we enrolled 25 chronic cannabis users and 30 demographically matched non-users who completed an interview probing current and past substance use, a urinalysis to confirm self-reported substance use and a task-switch cognitive paradigm during magnetoencephalography (MEG). Time-frequency windows of interest were identified using a data-driven statistical approach, and spectrally specific neural oscillatory responses were imaged using a beamformer. The resulting maps were grand-averaged across all participants and conditions, and the peak voxels in these maps of neural oscillatory activity were used as seeds to compute connectivity using a whole-brain cortical-coherence approach. Whole-brain neural switch cost connectivity maps were then computed by subtracting the connectivity map for the no-switch condition from that of the switch condition per participant. These switch cost functional connectivity maps were then correlated with the behavioural switch cost per group and probed for group differences in the neuro-behavioural associations. Our behavioural results indicated that all participants had slower reaction times during switch compared to no-switch trials. Regarding the MEG data, cannabis users exhibited altered associations between functional connectivity switch costs and behavioural switch costs along pathways connecting visual cortices and regions in the ventral attention network, within the theta, alpha and gamma frequency ranges. These results indicate modified multispectral associations between functional connectivity and behavioural switch costs among visual cortices and key brain regions underlying executive function in cannabis users.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of ethanol analgesia quantitative trait loci and candidate genes in BXD recombinant inbred mouse lines","authors":"Walker D. Rogers,&nbsp;Alyssa Presley,&nbsp;M. Imad Damaj,&nbsp;Michael F. Miles","doi":"10.1111/adb.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alcohol consumption produces acute analgesic effects, and people experiencing pain conditions may drink alcohol to alleviate discomfort. However, tolerance to the analgesic properties of alcohol could prompt escalating consumption and dependence. Both nociception and alcohol-induced analgesia are under significant genetic control. Understanding the genetic architecture of these processes could inform better treatment options for people with pain conditions. This study aims to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) driving variation in ethanol-induced analgesia across BXD recombinant inbred mouse lines. Male and female mice from 62 BXD strains received ethanol or saline oral gavage for five days and were tested for hot plate (HP) latency at baseline, Day 1 and Day 5. QTL mapping of HP phenotypes identified a significant provisional QTL on chromosome 17 for Day 1 HP latency in mice receiving ethanol. An additional highly suggestive QTL was present on chromosome 9 for the difference in pre- and post-ethanol thermal nociception. Candidate genes within QTL support intervals were provisionally identified using HP phenotypic correlations to transcriptomic database, expression QTL analysis and other bioinformatics inquiries. The combined behavioural and bioinformatic analyses yielded strong ethanol analgesia candidate genes, specifically <i>Myo6</i>. Thus, the results of this genetic study of ethanol-induced analgesia in BXD mouse strains may contribute significantly to our understanding of the molecular basis for individual variation in the analgesic response to acute ethanol.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural, Motivational, and Psychological Measures of Pain Avoidance Predict Future Alcohol Use in Adult Drinkers","authors":"Thang M. Le,&nbsp;F. AnNa Hughes,&nbsp;Takeyuki Oba,&nbsp;Chiang-Shan R. Li","doi":"10.1111/adb.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drinking as a coping method in response to pain is a complex behaviour, involving multiple neural, motivational, and psychological factors. Among these factors, pain sensitivity and pain-related drinking motive can significantly promote alcohol use. In contrast, proactive avoidance – a beneficial strategy of initiating overt actions to avoid negative outcomes – reduces harmful consumption. Yet, these factors have not been assessed as potential predictors of future drinking behaviour. Here, in a longitudinal study we collected fMRI data in 50 drinkers who, at baseline, performed a probabilistic learning go/nogo task that involved proactive avoidance of painful electric shocks. Pain-related psychological measures and the neural correlates of proactive avoidance were examined in relation to participants' alcohol use and craving in the following 12 months. We found that deficits in proactive avoidance were associated with future drinking severity. Importantly, diminished activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) during proactive avoidance also predicted subsequent percentage of heavy drinking days. Using Bayesian network modelling, we established a potential pathway in which drinkers' heightened pain sensitivity led to greater pain-avoidance drinking motive and alcohol craving. Both craving and weakened dACC activation to proactive avoidance predicted higher levels of drinking during the follow-up period. Taken together, our study identified pain sensitivity, pain-avoidance drinking motive, and impaired proactive avoidance as predictors of future alcohol use severity. These findings highlight the roles of pain response, thus potentially informing interventions for individuals at risk of alcohol use disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Stress and Hair Cortisol and Their Relationship to Alcohol Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults: An Epidemiological Cohort Study","authors":"Lena Plettenberg,&nbsp;Anja Kräplin,&nbsp;Catharina Voss,&nbsp;Katja Beesdo-Baum,&nbsp;Hanna Kische","doi":"10.1111/adb.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The relationship between stress, hair cortisol and alcohol consumption has mostly been investigated among clinical and adult study samples, with inconsistent findings. The present study aimed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between chronic stress, hair cortisol and average past-year alcohol consumption within a population-based sample of adolescents and young adults. At baseline of the epidemiological cohort study, <i>N</i> = 1180 individuals aged 14–21 from Dresden, Germany, were assessed (11/2015–12/2016). A maximum <i>N</i> = 1055 were analysed in cross-sectional analyses and a maximum <i>N</i> = 722 in longitudinal analyses (1-year follow-up). Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to reveal cross-sectional associations between perceived chronic stress, hair cortisol concentration and average past-year alcohol consumption in males and females. Longitudinally, weighted linear regression models examined relationships between (a) perceived chronic stress at baseline and altered hair cortisol concentration over 1 year, (b) perceived chronic stress/hair cortisol concentration at baseline and altered average alcohol consumption over 1 year and (c) average past-year alcohol consumption at baseline and altered stress/hair cortisol concentration over 1 year. Cross-sectionally, no significant relationships were found between stress, hair cortisol and average past-year alcohol consumption at baseline. In females, higher baseline perceived chronic stress was associated with an increase in hair cortisol concentration over 1 year, whereas no relationship was found in the cross-sectional analysis between baseline perceived chronic stress and baseline past-year average alcohol consumption. When using hair cortisol as a biomarker for stress perception, the focus of future research should be on potential time lags between perceived chronic stress and hair cortisol increase.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol induces concentration-dependent transcriptomic changes in oligodendrocytes","authors":"Sam A. Bazzi,&nbsp;Cole Maguire,&nbsp;R. Dayne Mayfield,&nbsp;Esther Melamed","doi":"10.1111/adb.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oligodendrocytes are a key cell type within the central nervous system (CNS) that generates the myelin sheath covering axons, enabling fast propagation of neuronal signals. Alcohol consumption is known to affect oligodendrocytes and white matter in the CNS. However, most studies have focused on foetal alcohol spectrum disorder and severe alcohol use disorder. Additionally, the impact of alcohol dosage on oligodendrocytes has not been previously investigated. In this study, we evaluated transcriptomic changes in C57BL6/J cultured mature oligodendrocytes following exposure to moderate and high concentrations of alcohol. We found that high concentrations of alcohol elicited gene expression changes across a wide range of biological pathways, including myelination, protein translation, integrin signalling, cell cycle regulation and inflammation. Further, our results demonstrate that transcriptomic changes are indeed dependent on alcohol concentration, with moderate and high concentrations of alcohol provoking distinct gene expression profiles. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that alcohol-induced transcriptomic changes in oligodendrocytes are concentration-dependent and may have critical downstream impacts on myelin production. Targeting alcohol-induced changes in cell cycle regulation, integrin signalling, inflammation or protein translation regulation may uncover mechanisms for modulating myelin production or inhibition. Furthermore, gaining a deeper understanding of alcohol's effects on oligodendrocyte demyelination and remyelination could help uncover therapeutic pathways that can be utilized independently of alcohol to aid in remyelinating drug design.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Alcohol Consumption Following Ablation of Cholinergic Interneurons in the Nucleus Accumbens of Wistar Rats","authors":"Anna Loftén,&nbsp;Davide Cadeddu,&nbsp;Klara Danielsson,&nbsp;Rosita Stomberg,&nbsp;Louise Adermark,&nbsp;Bo Söderpalm,&nbsp;Mia Ericson","doi":"10.1111/adb.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alcohol use disorder is a severe mental health condition causing medical consequences and preterm death. Alcohol activates the mesolimbic dopamine system leading to an increase of extracellular dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens, an event that is associated with the reinforcing effects of alcohol. Cholinergic interneurons (CIN) are important modulators of accumbal DA signalling, and depletion of accumbal CIN attenuates the alcohol-induced increase in extracellular DA. The aim of this study was to explore the functional role of accumbal CIN in alcohol-related behaviour. To this end, ablation of CIN was induced by local administration of anticholine acetyltransferase-saporin bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens of male Wistar rats. Alcohol consumption in ablated and sham-treated rats was studied using a two-bottle-choice intermittent alcohol consumption paradigm. Rats with depleted CIN consumed significantly less alcohol than sham-treated controls. No differences in sucrose preference, motor activity, water intake or weight gain were noted between treatment groups, suggesting that the ablation selectively affected alcohol-related behaviour. In conclusion, this study further supports a role for accumbal CIN in regulating alcohol-consummatory behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"iTRAQ proteomic analysis of the anterior insula in morphine-induced conditioned place preference rats with high-frequency deep brain stimulation intervention","authors":"Haigang Chang,&nbsp;Yaxiao Wang,&nbsp;Lei Hui,&nbsp;Yuling Diao,&nbsp;Pengju Ma,&nbsp;Xiangsheng Li,&nbsp;Feng Wang","doi":"10.1111/adb.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adb.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Morphine dependence or addiction is a serious global public health and social problem, and traditional treatments are very limited. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a new potential treatment for drug addiction. Repeated use of morphine leads to neuroadaptive and molecular changes in the addiction-related brain regions. We have previously performed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labelling coupled with 2D-LC MS/MS in anterior insular samples from rats treated with saline control, morphine or morphine plus DBS, and the identified expression of eight proteins are altered by morphine and reversed by high-frequency DBS (HF-DBS). In this study, we analysed the proteomic data in more details. A total of 5575 proteins were identified. Relative to the saline group, the morphine group showed 14 down-regulated and three up-regulated proteins. There were 118 proteins increased and 87 proteins decreased between DBS implanted animals and morphine group. Several differentially expressed proteins were verified with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assay. Based on Gene Ontology enrichment an KEGG pathway analyses, the majority of these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were involved in protein metabolic process, G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway, calcium-mediated signalling, neurotransmitter transport, dopaminergic synapse and mTOR signalling pathway. These data offer a comprehensive understanding of the proteomic changes associated with morphine addiction and DBS therapy in addicted animal models, which is important for the development of DBS interventions for drug addiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11747870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaping—An Emerging Threat to Youngsters of Pakistan","authors":"Nazish Jaffar,&nbsp;Hafiza Tooba Siddiqui,&nbsp;Huda Amin,&nbsp;Md Ariful Haque","doi":"10.1111/adb.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adb.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We would like to draw your attention to a critical prevailing issue regarding the usage of e-cigarettes and their ill effects on health. E-cigarettes have been marketed as a safer alternative to traditional tobacco products, but research has shown that they still pose significant health risks. Studies have revealed that the chemical compounds in e-cigarettes can cause damage to the lungs, heart and nervous system [<span>1</span>].</p><p>With the boom in vaping culture, many people believe that e-cigarettes are a healthier alternative to traditional cigarettes. However, research studies have shown otherwise. Studies have shown that e-cigarettes can be harmful to human health, particularly among teenagers whose brains and respiratory systems are still developing [<span>2</span>]. An interesting study was published in your esteemed journal, <i>Addiction Biology</i>, on the neural performance of abstinent smokers. It aimed to find out the alterations in the brain networks. Before and after using e-cigarettes, this experiment revealed that the impact of e-cigarettes could be similar to neural activity caused by traditional cigarettes and other forms, which may lead to addiction [<span>3</span>].</p><p>To begin with, it is essential to understand that e-cigarettes contain nicotine, which can lead to addiction and dependency similar to regular tobacco products. Studies suggest that vaping can expose users to higher levels of nicotine than traditional smoking, as well as other harmful chemicals such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. These chemicals are known carcinogens and could cause long-term harm to the respiratory system (Figure 1). This shows the average exposure to substances used in e-cigarettes. To calculate the chemical exposure from tobacco-related items, a study was performed where the toxicological threshold for margins of exposure (MOE) for each chemical was determined as MOE &lt; 10 as ‘high risk’. At the same time, MOE &lt; 100 was judged as ‘risk’. More than 100 were acceptable. In this experiment, nicotine showed (a margin of exposure) MOE &lt; 1, making it fall in the high-risk category [<span>3, 4</span>]. Therefore, increasing public awareness about the potential risks of using e-cigarettes is crucial.</p><p>Moreover, there is increasing evidence linking e-cigarette use with cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure and impaired heart function. Nicotine plays an integral role in these risks by constricting arteries and narrowing blood vessels, thereby reducing oxygen supply throughout the body and leading to damage over time [<span>5</span>]. As the trends in everything change, social media is a new platform where businesses market their products in the marketing industry. One of its ways is how influencers are positively marketing E-cigarettes with no age restrictions and no trigger warning related to their adverse effects. In countries like Asia and the US, most of the followers are youngsters aged 13–17, which wil","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}