Addiction Biology最新文献

{"title":"Menstrual Cycle and Progesterone-to-Estradiol Ratio Associated With Loss of Control and Craving in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Sex-Segregating Longitudinal Study","authors":"Sabine Hoffmann,&nbsp;Iris Reinhard,&nbsp;Christiane Mühle,&nbsp;Patrick Bach,&nbsp;Leonard Wenger,&nbsp;Dominic Reichert,&nbsp;Rafat Boroumand-Jazi,&nbsp;Sibel Nayman,&nbsp;Christine Kuehner,&nbsp;Matthias Reichl,&nbsp;Anne Koopmann,&nbsp;Anne Beck,&nbsp;Hilmar G. Zech,&nbsp;Johannes Kornhuber,&nbsp;Christian P. Müller,&nbsp;Rajita Sinha,&nbsp;Wolfgang H. Sommer,&nbsp;Rainer Spanagel,&nbsp;Tobias Banaschewski,&nbsp;Lorenz Deserno,&nbsp;Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer,&nbsp;Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg,&nbsp;Michael A. Rapp,&nbsp;Stephanie H. Witt,&nbsp;Michael N. Smolka,&nbsp;Andreas Heinz,&nbsp;Heike Tost,&nbsp;Falk Kiefer,&nbsp;Markus Reichert,&nbsp;Bernd Lenz,&nbsp;for the ReCoDe-Consortium","doi":"10.1111/adb.70192","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adb.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) causes a high burden worldwide. The menstrual cycle and the progesterone-to-estradiol ratio are related to alcohol consumption in females and males with AUD. However, the underlying mechanisms triggering problem drinking in everyday life remain to be determined. This longitudinal multicentre study analysed associations of menstrual cycle phases (1316 of 70 naturally cycling females with AUD) and progesterone-to-estradiol ratios (quantified in 567 blood samples of 256 males with AUD) with real-world 12-month data on loss of control over alcohol consumption and craving measured via 17296 and 10482 smartphone entries using general linear mixed models. Females with severe AUD stated less frequent loss of control in the midluteal and late luteal phases characterized by high progesterone-to-estradiol ratios compared to the follicular phase. In the total female sample, craving was lower during the late luteal and menstrual phases compared to the follicular phase. Similarly, males with moderate and severe AUD reported less frequent loss of control in phases of a high progesterone-to-estradiol ratio. The identified biobehavioural interplay suggests that increasing progesterone relative to estradiol may assist individuals with AUD in re-establishing control over alcohol consumption and reducing craving. When employed in conjunction with customized just-in-time adaptive digital interventions, this approach has the potential to evolve into a novel precision medicine strategy for AUD. The findings also underscore the necessity for the development of treatments tailored to the phases of the menstrual cycle, thereby addressing the critical underrepresentation of females in AUD research.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Using Passive Sensing to Isolate a Biosignature for Craving Among Individuals in Early Alcohol Use Disorder Recovery”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/adb.70193","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adb.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>S. Mei</span>, <span>N. N. Emery</span>, and <span>D. Eddie</span>, “ <span>Using Passive Sensing to Isolate a Biosignature for Craving Among Individuals in Early Alcohol Use Disorder Recovery</span>,” <i>Addiction Biology</i> <span>31</span>, no. <span>8</span> (<span>2026</span>): e70182, https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70182.\u0000 </p><p>The incidence rate ratio for the within-person HF-HRV effect was reported as 1.01 in the abstract, in section 3.2, and in Table 2, and its 95% confidence interval was reported in section 3.2 as [1.001, 1.002]. The correct values are 1.0006, 95% CI [1.0001, 1.0010]. This corresponds to an approximately 0.06% increase in expected craving per one unit increase in HF-HRV. To aid in interpretation, a one-SD increase in raw units of person-centered HF-HRV (321.77 units) corresponded to an IRR of approximately 1.205, or a 20.5% increase in the expected craving count. The direction, statistical significance, and conclusions of the study are unaffected.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13634693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Craving: Neural Correlates and the Role of Stress and Delay Discounting","authors":"Solvej Nickel-Grenke,&nbsp;Raoul Wüllhorst,&nbsp;Stefan Scherbaum,&nbsp;Kristina Schwarz,&nbsp;Tanja Endrass","doi":"10.1111/adb.70190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Regulation of craving (ROC) by focusing on long-term negative consequences of drug use has been shown to successfully reduce subjective craving. This process is supported by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), which exerts control over reward and value signals in the ventral striatum (VS) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). As stress impairs cognitive control and addiction is characterized by altered value computations manifesting in delay discounting, we examined how these factors interact with ROC and its neural correlates to better understand the use of ROC in high-risk situations. Sixty-eight male smokers underwent a delay discounting task and either a stress (socially evaluated cold pressor task) or a control condition. They subsequently completed a ROC task during fMRI while focusing on (1) long-term negative consequences (LATER) versus (2) short-term positive consequences (NOW). We found lower subjective craving ratings and attenuated neural responses in the VS (<i>t</i> = 4.33, <i>p</i> = 0.012) and vmPFC (<i>t</i> = 5.79, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), as well as higher activation in the dlPFC (<i>t</i> = 4.09, <i>p</i> = 0.038) in the LATER compared to the NOW strategy. Although no neural or behavioural difference in ROC was observed between stress and control groups, both individual stress (cortisol) and delay discounting were positively related to vmPFC activity (NOW &gt; LATER). We replicated previous results on ROC. Importantly, the association of vmPFC signals with stress response and delay discounting suggests that enhancing ROC success may involve reinforcing changes in self-referentiality of future thoughts to subjective value of drug use.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine-Reward Tract Alterations and the ‘Dark Side’ of Methamphetamine Addiction","authors":"Robert J. Roy,&nbsp;Ken T. Wakabayashi,&nbsp;Robert J. R. Blair,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Hubbard","doi":"10.1111/adb.70186","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adb.70186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mesocorticolimbic circuits are central to theories of methamphetamine and other addictions. White-matter fibres are a necessary component of those circuits. However, the extent to which mesocorticolimbic white-matter tracts are altered in methamphetamine addiction is unknown. The current study addressed this gap as well as sought to determine relationships with neurofunctional and behavioural deficits concerning nondrug rewards. Multimodal MRI was acquired from 92 people with problematic methamphetamine-use experience (MA⁺) and 98 methamphetamine-naïve controls (MA⁻). Diffusion tractography mapped probabilistic fibre paths connecting midbrain presynaptic dopamine hubs to striatal and medial orbitofrontal areas highly sensitive to rewards. MA⁺ exhibited microstructural alterations (via fractional anisotropy [FA]) along this mesocorticolimbic tract—in particular, white-matter segments running through anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC_FA: MA⁺ &gt; MA⁻) and near the medial orbitofrontal target area (mOFC_FA: MA⁺ &lt; MA⁻). In addition, task-fMRI revealed that MA⁺ exhibited reduced activations to monetary rewards within the striatal and mOFC area versus MA⁻. Moreover, MA⁺ participants reported they attributed lower hedonic value and lesser motivational salience to broader nondrug rewards/pleasant experiences relative to MA⁻. Further, within MA⁺ participants, those exhibiting decreased ALIC_FA or mOFC_FA reported attributing lower hedonic value to nondrug rewards/experiences relative to their peers—with a similar correlation found for ALIC_FA and motivational-salience reports. Our findings identified microstructural alterations in a mesocorticolimbic white-matter tract plausibly supporting reward-related dopaminergic signalling in people experienced with methamphetamine. Such alterations may play a role in the lower valuation of nondrug rewards and diminished motivation to pursue typical/nondrug activities associated with methamphetamine use.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148983573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Binge Drinking and Alcohol Withdrawal on Serum Neurofilament Levels","authors":"Ann-Kathrin Stock,&nbsp;Maximilian Pilhatsch,&nbsp;Katja Akgün,&nbsp;Joris C. Verster,&nbsp;Elisabeth Brückner,&nbsp;Mona Hofmann,&nbsp;Julian R. Hinz,&nbsp;Dušan A. Ladjević,&nbsp;Tjalf Ziemssen,&nbsp;Christian Beste","doi":"10.1111/adb.70183","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adb.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic heavy alcohol use and alcohol withdrawal are known to diffusely damage white matter (WM), but it has remained rather unclear whether the damage sustained during a single withdrawal event is functionally relevant and whether WM damage also occurs during or after single episodes of heavy drinking. We therefore set out to investigate the effects of acute alcohol intoxication, alcohol hangover and (post)acute alcohol withdrawal on axonal injury (assessed via serum neurofilament light chain/NFL) and potentially associated cognitive-behavioural functioning (as assessed with the CANTAB test battery) in three separate studies. Acute intoxication and hangover effects were studied in healthy young men who underwent a standardized intoxication procedure aiming at an intoxication level of approx. 1.2‰ in two separate randomized experimental crossover studies. (Post)acute withdrawal effects were longitudinally observed in withdrawal patients during a 21-day inpatient qualified detoxification treatment. There was no significant effect of alcohol intoxication (<i>n</i> = 51) or alcohol hangover (<i>n</i> = 80) on NFL levels. In contrast, withdrawal patients (<i>n</i> = 31) revealed significant changes of NFL levels over the course of inpatient treatment; most prominently an increase from the first day of admission to the peak of withdrawal symptoms and a decrease from there to the day of hospital discharge. Higher NFL levels of withdrawal patients were associated with slower motor responses and lower risk taking/delay aversion in gambling, as assessed with the CANTAB test battery. In conclusion, the functionally relevant increase in axonal injury despite gold-standard inpatient treatment for alcohol withdrawal necessitates further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Mistreatment Effect on Alcohol Misuse Trajectories Is Moderated by Subcortical Network Activation During Error Processing","authors":"Chia-Chuan Yu,&nbsp;游家權,&nbsp;J. Hunter Allen,&nbsp;Sara Jo Nixon,&nbsp;Amanda Elton","doi":"10.1111/adb.70187","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adb.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a preventable condition that impacts more than 28 million adults in the United States. The neurocognitive correlates of AUD have been extensively studied, but their interaction with psychosocial contributors remains less clear. Social mistreatment is common in human society, and negative social experiences can lead to poor health behaviours, such as binge drinking. Inhibitory control and error processing are cognitive functions facilitating self-regulation, which may mitigate the influence of social mistreatment on alcohol misuse. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between general social mistreatment (GSM) and alcohol use problems across 3 years among 133 college students (64.7% females) via self-report surveys. Inhibitory control- and error processing-related behavioural performance and brain network activation during a Stop-Signal Task at baseline were explored as moderators of the GSM-alcohol association. Our sample showed significantly increased risky drinking behaviours between the baseline and final follow-up 3 years later, and this slope became steeper as a function of increased GSM. Behaviourally, stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) but not post-error slowing interacted with time and GSM, such that faster SSRT was associated with attenuated alcohol misuse slope (independent of GSM) and a lower impact of GSM on alcohol misuse (independent of time). Additionally, the effect of GSM on the slope of alcohol misuse was moderated by error-related subcortical network activation, but not by inhibition-related networks. Slope contrasts demonstrated that reduced subcortical activation (associated with greater behavioural slowing) was protective against alcohol misuse development among individuals with lower GSM but not those with higher GSM. This study conforms with the existing literature that GSM exacerbates risky drinking in college students. Our results suggest that the detrimental effect of psychosocial risk is attenuated by motor response inhibition, and neural sensitivity to error is protective only in the context of lower social mistreatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13572037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acquisition-Recruited and MOR-Expressing Striatal dMSNs Differentially Regulate Extinction and Cue-Induced Relapse of Alcohol Seeking","authors":"Xueyi Xie,&nbsp;Xuehua Wang,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1111/adb.70191","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adb.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Relapse to alcohol use is frequently triggered by re-exposure to alcohol-associated cues, and extinction-based interventions can reduce this vulnerability. However, the striatal cellular mechanisms through which extinction alters later alcohol seeking remain unclear. Using a mouse model of operant alcohol self-administration, we examined two distinct direct-pathway medium spiny neuron (dMSN) populations in the dorsomedial striatum. Extinction reduced cue-induced alcohol seeking and decreased the probability that acquisition-recruited dMSNs were reactivated during relapse testing. Chemogenetically maintaining activity in acquisition-recruited dMSNs during extinction slowed the reduction in alcohol-seeking and enhanced subsequent relapse. In contrast, increasing activity in μ-opioid receptor (MOR)-expressing dMSNs, a striosome-enriched population, accelerated the reduction in responding and decreased later relapse without altering inactive-lever responding or locomotor activity. These findings indicate that extinction is associated with reduced re-engagement of acquisition-related dMSN ensembles, whereas enhancing activity in a MOR-defined, striosome-enriched output population can facilitate extinction-related behavioural change. Together, the results identify two complementary striatal processes that regulate alcohol extinction and relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic Everolimus Does Not Block the Incubation of Methamphetamine-Craving: A Dose–Response Study","authors":"Fernando J. Cano,&nbsp;Kierra E. Smith,&nbsp;Katherine Stuemke,&nbsp;Asha Jotwani,&nbsp;Erin Lassers,&nbsp;Holly M. Nelson,&nbsp;Sonya D. Adler,&nbsp;Laura L. Huerta Sanchez,&nbsp;Christopher J. E. Denning,&nbsp;Samantha M. Davantes,&nbsp;Citlali A. Ibarra,&nbsp;Tod E. Kippin,&nbsp;Karen K. Szumlinski","doi":"10.1111/adb.70189","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adb.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In rodent models, incubated craving for drugs and natural reinforcers is characterized by a time-dependent increase in cue-elicited operant responding, which posits that common biochemical mechanisms gate incubated craving across different types of reinforcers. Recently, our laboratory identified heightened mTOR activity in the prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as being associated with incubated craving for cocaine and sucrose, respectively. Importantly, Everolimus, an FDA-approved mTOR inhibitor, blocked the expression of incubated craving for both reinforcers. Hence, our current study investigated whether mTOR signalling also underpins cue-induced methamphetamine (METH)-seeking by evaluating the “therapeutic potential” of Everolimus to block incubated METH-craving. Male and female rats were trained under extended-access procedures (6-h/day × 10 days) to self-administer intravenous METH (0.1 mg/kg/0.1 mL infusion), paired with the presentation of a 20-s light + tone compound stimulus and then were subjected to a withdrawal period of 1 or 30 days (WD1 or WD30). Rats tested on WD30 were gavage-infused with either vehicle (VEH; 1% DMSO in water; vol: 1 mL/kg) or Everolimus (1 or 10 mg/kg), whereas WD1 rats were infused with VEH to index baseline craving. Thirty minutes later, rats underwent a 2-h test to measure cue-elicited responding. Akt/mTOR activity in the PL and IL was examined via immunoblotting procedures. Male and female rats exhibited comparable METH intake and craving, with no effect of estrous cycle observed for either measure in females. Unlike previous findings for incubated cocaine- and sucrose-craving, Everolimus did not reduce incubated METH-craving. Further, incubated METH-craving was not associated with changes in Akt/mTOR activation within mPFC subregions nor did Everolimus lower mTOR pathway activation below baseline levels in either METH-experienced or –naive rats. Together, these findings demonstrate that elevated mTOR signalling within mPFC is not involved in incubated METH-craving, highlighting the potential need for drug-specific targeted treatments for curbing incubated craving in protracted withdrawal.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticosteroid Receptor Modulation in the Dorsal Striatum Prevents Morphine-Induced Place Preference and Reduction in Dopamine Transporter (DAT) Immunoreactivity in Rats","authors":"Payman Raise-Abdullahi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Rezamohammadi,&nbsp;Mehrnoush Rahmani,&nbsp;Abbas Ali Vafaei,&nbsp;Roghayeh Pakdel,&nbsp;Hamed Rashidipour,&nbsp;Ali Rashidy-Pour","doi":"10.1111/adb.70185","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adb.70185","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stress hormones and corticosteroid signalling influence dopaminergic transmission and reward-related behaviours. The present study investigated whether pharmacological manipulation of corticosteroid signalling within the dorsal striatum influences morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and dopamine transporter (DAT) regulation. Male Wistar rats were implanted with bilateral intra-dorsal striatal cannulae and subjected to the CPP paradigm. Before conditioning sessions, animals received bilateral intra-dorsal striatal infusions of corticosterone, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU-38486 or the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist spironolactone. Behavioural preference, locomotor activity and DAT immunoreactivity were subsequently assessed. Morphine reliably induced CPP and reduced DAT immunoreactivity in the dorsal striatum. Corticosterone, RU-38486 and spironolactone each significantly attenuated morphine-induced CPP and prevented the reduction in DAT immunoreactivity without altering locomotor activity. The convergence of these pharmacologically distinct manipulations on similar behavioural and DAT outcomes suggests that perturbation of corticosteroid-sensitive signalling within the dorsal striatum modulates opioid reward and associated dopaminergic plasticity. Importantly, the present findings do not establish whether corticosterone's effect is mediated by classical GR signalling, rapid corticosteroid actions or GR-independent mechanisms. Given the role of the dorsal striatum in addiction-related learning and the transition towards habitual and compulsive drug seeking, these findings identify corticosteroid–dopamine interactions within this region as an important mechanism for further investigation in opioid use disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13572573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of Adolescent Drinking via Behavioral, Biological and Environmental Variables: A Machine Learning Approach With Bias Control","authors":"Ruobing Liu,&nbsp;Mohamed Azzam,&nbsp;Nicole L. Zabik,&nbsp;Shibiao Wan,&nbsp;Jennifer Urbano Blackford,&nbsp;Jieqiong Wang","doi":"10.1111/adb.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2024, approximately 30% of US adolescents reported having consumed alcohol at least once in their lifetime, with about 25% of these individuals engaging in binge drinking. Adolescent alcohol use is associated with neurodevelopmental impairments, elevated risk of later alcohol use and mental health disorders. Therefore, it is important to identify the variables driving adolescent alcohol use and leverage them for early identification and targeted intervention. Previous studies have typically developed machine learning classification models that use neuroimaging data in combination with limited clinical measurements. Neuroimaging data are expensive and difficult to obtain at scale, whereas clinical measures are more practical for large-scale screening due to their low cost and widespread accessibility. However, clinical-only approaches for alcohol drinking classification remain largely underexplored. Furthermore, prior studies have often focused on adults, limiting generalizability to the broader adolescent population. Additionally, confounding factors such as age and substance use, which are strongly correlated with alcohol consumption, have often been inadequately addressed, potentially inflating classification performance. Finally, class imbalance remains a persistent challenge, with prior attempts yielding only limited improvements. To address these limitations, we propose <i>FocalTab</i>, a framework that integrates TabPFN with focal loss for robust generalization and effective mitigation of class imbalance. The approach also incorporates an initial preprocessing step to remove confounding factors to account for age and substance use. We compare <i>FocalTab</i> against state-of-the-art methods across different variable selections and dataset settings. <i>FocalTab</i> achieves the highest accuracy (0.841 ± 0.011) and specificity (0.803 ± 0.055) in the most stringent setting, in which both age and substance use variables were excluded, whereas competing models drop to near-chance specificity (12%–24%). We further applied SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis to identify key clinical predictors of drinker classification, supporting enhanced screening and early intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}