Addiction Biology最新文献

{"title":"Amygdala–Ventral Striatum Functional Connectivity Underlies Craving in Gambling Disorder: A Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms","authors":"Yuzuki Ishikawa,&nbsp;Kentaro Katsuragi,&nbsp;Takahiko Inagaki,&nbsp;Kota Ebina,&nbsp;Yoshiteru Mutsuda,&nbsp;Morio Aki,&nbsp;Mami Shibata,&nbsp;Ayaka Hamamoto,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Ando,&nbsp;Akihisa Iriki,&nbsp;Takashi Miyagi,&nbsp;Hiroto Mizuta,&nbsp;Ariyoshi Takemura,&nbsp;Takuro Murao,&nbsp;Hideaki Takeuchi,&nbsp;Ryosaku Kawada,&nbsp;Naoya Oishi,&nbsp;Hidehiko Takahashi,&nbsp;Toshiya Murai,&nbsp;Kosuke Tsurumi","doi":"10.1111/adb.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Craving is an intense, strong urge to engage in addictive behaviours. Craving is supposed to be modulated by the connectivity between the amygdala and the ventral striatum (VS), a pivotal pathway for reward-seeking behaviours. However, whether and how this connectivity underlies craving for gambling remains unclear, limiting our understanding of the pathophysiology of gambling disorder (GD). To address this issue, we analysed resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) between the amygdala and VS in 51 GD patients and 45 healthy participants. Craving for gambling was assessed using the Gambling Craving Scale (GACS). Among three GACS subscales, Desire exhibited a significant correlation with rs-FC in the right amygdala–VS, while Anticipation and Relief showed no significant associations. Causal mediation analysis revealed that depressive symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between rs-FC in the right amygdala–VS and Desire. These findings suggest that the amygdala–VS connectivity elicits the intense desire for gambling through negative emotions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Comment on: ‘Sex differences in neural networks recruited by frontloaded binge alcohol drinking’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/adb.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>RETRACTION</b>: J. Xu, H. Zhao, and Y. Wang, “Comment on: ‘Sex differences in neural networks recruited by frontloaded binge alcohol drinking’,” <i>Addiction Biology</i> 29, no. 10 (2024): e70002, https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70002.</p><p>The above article, published online on 15 October 2024 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors; the journal Editor-in-Chief, Rainer Spanagel; the Society for the Study of Addiction; and John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.</p><p>The retraction of this article, a Letter to the Editor, has been agreed by all parties due to concerns raised by a third party that it contains major scientific flaws. These flaws, which were confirmed during post-publication review, were not identified during the original evaluation process and make the letter irrelevant to the published article on which it comments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Oxytocin and Oxytocin Gene Receptor Methylation During Withdrawal Therapy in Males With Alcohol Use Disorder","authors":"Phileas J. Proskynitopoulos,&nbsp;Alissa F. Haarmeyer,&nbsp;Stefan Bleich,&nbsp;Helge Frieling,&nbsp;Thomas Hillemacher,&nbsp;Alexander Glahn,&nbsp;Mathias Rhein","doi":"10.1111/adb.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oxytocin is a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, many studies report contradicting evidence regarding its effect on drug craving, relapse risk and withdrawal symptoms. Epigenetic regulation of the oxytocin and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene is altered in several mental disorders and influences social behaviour, often depending on the underlying sex. Evidence suggests that altered promoter methylation could result in oxytocin and OXTR expression differences, thereby possibly influencing drug craving and relapse risk. It is unclear whether promoter methylation changes throughout alcohol withdrawal and is linked to craving and withdrawal symptoms. In this exploratory study, we investigated the effect of 2-week alcohol withdrawal therapy in 99 males on methylation levels (oxytocin and OXTR) compared with 31 healthy controls. We found significantly higher mean methylation values of the OXTR gene in controls than patients across withdrawal (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Regarding oxytocin, we found no differences in mean methylation in healthy controls compared with patients. Across withdrawal, mean methylation decreased in both genes. Fitting a mixed linear model, craving and withdrawal symptoms were associated with changes in methylation levels of the oxytocin gene (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), which was also true for the OXTR gene when considering age and smoking as additional covariates. Our study is the first to report an association between AUD, oxytocin and OXTR gene methylation. Methylation of the OXTR gene is reduced in AUD compared with healthy controls, with OT gene methylation linked to craving and withdrawal severity. Our results suggest that investigations of oxytocin as a therapeutic agent need to consider epigenetic regulation of its receptor and gene as a mechanism that could influence oxytocin's effect on craving and withdrawal symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Genomic Data to Examine the Causal Impact of Alcohol, Tobacco, Cannabis, and Opioid Use on Biological and Cognitive Ageing","authors":"Jared V. Balbona,&nbsp;Paul Jeffries,&nbsp;Aaron J. Gorelik,&nbsp;Elliot C. Nelson,&nbsp;Ryan Bogdan,&nbsp;Arpana Agrawal,&nbsp;Emma C. Johnson","doi":"10.1111/adb.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although substance use is associated with a shortened lifespan, impeded health and accelerated biological ageing, the factors contributing to the associations between substance use and ageing are poorly understood. We used summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate whether substance involvement (<i>N</i> from 28K to 2M)—including alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and opioid use and use disorders—is genetically correlated with various ageing metrics (<i>N</i> from 162K to 2.7M) and whether these correlations reflect shared genetic etiologies or putative causal relationships. Using Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC), we found widespread evidence of genetic correlations between substance use/use disorders and indices of physical, cognitive and biological ageing. We then employed a series of Mendelian randomization–based approaches, finding significant causal effects of genetic predispositions to both tobacco use disorder and quantity of tobacco smoked on various markers of ageing. Causal effects of problematic alcohol use and cannabis use disorder were also found, though findings were mixed. Evidence of reverse causality (i.e., ageing causing substance use), meanwhile, was scant. Collectively, these results demonstrate strong triangulation across approaches and highlight the importance of integrating genetic insights into public health strategies for reducing the burden of SUDs across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Physical Activity on Sleep in Alcohol Users: A Systematic Review","authors":"Lilou Duquet,&nbsp;Silvio Galli,&nbsp;Emmanuel Haffen,&nbsp;Julie Giustiniani","doi":"10.1111/adb.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alcohol misuse impairs sleep quality and circadian rhythms. Yet, sleep is essential, as a lack of sleep is a predictive factor for addiction and relapse risk in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). On the contrary, effective insomnia treatment after withdrawal increases abstinence. Meanwhile, physical activity (PA) has been shown to improve sleep quality and circadian rhythms in nonclinical population. Hence, it would be interesting to assess the impact of PA on sleep in alcohol users with and without dependence. Systematic search was conducted using Prisma guidelines for the screening and ROB-1 for bias analysis of randomized controlled trial (RCT). Out of 4995 studies screened, none assess as main purpose the impact of PA on sleep in alcohol users. Still, 81.8% of the selected studies, in their secondary outcomes, highlight PA's positive association with sleep in alcohol users with or without dependence. Main positive sleep outcomes were insomnia and sleep fragmentation reduction as well as sleep quality and duration improvement. There is a lack of publication regarding the impact of PA on sleep in nonclinical alcohol users and AUD patients. Still, PA appears to enhance sleep in both populations. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to produce robust data. In the first instance, feasibility study should be performed as adhesion can be an issue in the population. Finally, different PA programs (frequency, intensity, time, type and duration) should be compared to determine the optimal dose in different AUD status (intoxication, withdrawal and abstinence).</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4-HIAA Blocks Methamphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice Through Modulation of the 5-HT Pathway in the Nucleus Accumbens","authors":"Yanan Wu,&nbsp;Ju Ran,&nbsp;Jinqiu Mo,&nbsp;Jing Wang","doi":"10.1111/adb.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (4-HIAA) is a metabolite of psilocin. Here, we explored the ability of 4-HIAA to cross the blood–brain barrier and its potential effects on methamphetamine (METH)-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. Treatment with 1-mg/kg 4-HIAA inhibited CPP formation during the acquisition phase, promoted METH extinction and inhibited METH relapse. Furthermore, the regulatory effect of 4-HIAA on METH was underscored by altered 5-HT expression in the nucleus accumbens. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of the 4-HIAA-induced blockade of the acquisition, extinction and reinstatement of METH-induced CPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient Elastography Increases Readiness for Change in Inpatients With Alcohol Use Disorder: The ELISA Pilot Study","authors":"Stephanie M. Rutledge,&nbsp;Rohit R. Nathani,&nbsp;Patricia Miguez Arosemena,&nbsp;Daniel Suter,&nbsp;David Lehman,&nbsp;Timothy Brennan,&nbsp;Gene Y. Im","doi":"10.1111/adb.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Opportunistic interventions (OIs) are health events facilitated by healthcare providers through education that can motivate individuals to adopt risk-reducing behaviours. Our aim was to evaluate transient elastography (TE) as an OI in patients with AUD by assessing changes in validated psychometric scores (PS) of alcohol insight and readiness for change. In this prospective, proof-of-concept pilot study, patients with AUD without TE in the past year were enrolled from an inpatient addiction unit. At baseline, three PS assessing insight and readiness to change were administered: Hanil Alcohol Insight Scale (HAIS), revised Readiness Ruler (RR) and Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES-8A). TE was performed, interpreted, and followed by repeat PS testing. The primary outcome was change in PS. Secondary outcomes were prevalence of fibrosis and steatosis on TE, alcohol use and linkage to hepatology care. From 4 January 2022 to 4 January 2023, 23 patients were enrolled: mean age: 51 years (SD ± 12), 74% male, 61% White and all with severe AUD, and mean of 20 (± 9) daily drinks, 286 g (± 127 g) or 35.7 (± 15.9) units of alcohol, for a median of 14 years (IQR 10–21.5). After TE, there were significant increases in revised RR and SOCRATES-8A from 5 to 8.6 (± 2.1, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and 81.5 to 85.0 (± 8.0, <i>p</i> = 0.04), respectively, indicating improved motivation and readiness for change. HAIS did not change: 11.1–11.0 (± 3, <i>p</i> = 0.36). Cirrhosis and steatosis grade ≥ 2 were detected in 4/23 (17%) and 8/23 (35%), respectively. In this pilot study, performing and interpreting results of TE to inpatients with AUD increase readiness for change and efficiently detects advanced fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Post-Retrieval Strategies to Reduce Drug Craving in Methamphetamine Use Disorders","authors":"Junjiao Li,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Dong,&nbsp;Wei Chen,&nbsp;Jian Wang,&nbsp;Xifu Zheng","doi":"10.1111/adb.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Post-retrieval interventions based on memory reconsolidation have shown promise in reducing addiction-related memories. However, research on methamphetamine (MA) use, particularly in humans, remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a post-retrieval intervention paradigm in managing methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) with 46 individuals from a compulsory drug rehabilitation centre. A single-blind design was employed, with participants randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) retrieval–no intervention, (2) retrieval–extinction and (3) retrieval–cognitive task. The study involved baseline testing, followed by memory retrieval using MA cues, and one of the three interventions during the memory reconsolidation window. The interventions were as follows: (1) no further intervention after retrieval, (2) extinction training and (3) playing Tetris after memory reactivation. Relapse was assessed through physiological and psychological indicators, with a focus on both spontaneous and cue-induced relapse of MUD memory. The results showed that both retrieval–extinction and retrieval–cognitive task showed benefits in reducing cravings and preventing relapse in MUD compared to retrieval alone. Physiological and psychological indicators of MA memory relapse showed weak correlation and differed across several dimensions. These findings suggest new strategies for MUD intervention and provide valuable insights for clinical treatment. Limitations of the study are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The GPR88 Agonist RTI-122 Reduces Alcohol-Related Motivation and Consumption","authors":"Dennis F. Lovelock,&nbsp;Wen Liu,&nbsp;Sami Ben Hamida,&nbsp;Victoria L. Cordero,&nbsp;Kalynn J. Van Voorhies,&nbsp;Marion Martin,&nbsp;Isabella Guimaraes Olmo,&nbsp;Emmanuel Darcq,&nbsp;Md Toufiqur Rahman,&nbsp;Mickael Naassila,&nbsp;Brigitte L. Kieffer,&nbsp;Chunyang Jin,&nbsp;Joyce Besheer","doi":"10.1111/adb.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>GPR88, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor primarily expressed in the striatum, has emerged as a potential target for treating alcohol use disorder (AUD) due to its role in modulating reward and motivational pathways. In this study, we investigated the effects of the GPR88 agonist RTI-122 on alcohol intake and motivation to self-administer alcohol under different conditions. In mice, RTI-122 reduced alcohol consumption in a two-bottle choice paradigm, which was prevented by <i>Gpr88</i> knockout, confirming a GPR88-specific effect on the attenuation of alcohol drinking. In rats, RTI-122 dose-dependently reduced operant alcohol self-administration and decreased motivation to self-administer alcohol in progressive ratio tasks, regardless of whether the alcohol was adulterated with quinine or not. Additionally, a high dose of RTI-122 reduced yohimbine-induced reinstatement. Importantly, RTI-122 did not affect water intake in mice or sucrose self-administration in rats, indicating receptor- and reward-specific modulation of alcohol intake. These findings suggest that RTI-122, through GPR88 agonism, effectively reduces alcohol consumption and motivation across various contexts, positioning it as a promising lead for the development of new AUD treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal and Concurrent Changes in Brain and Gut due to Morphine Self-Administration","authors":"Kaylee Brunetti,&nbsp;Zicong Zhou,&nbsp;Samia Shuchi,&nbsp;Raymond Berry,&nbsp;Sabrina White,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Michael S. Allen,&nbsp;Shaohua Yang,&nbsp;Johnny D. Figueroa,&nbsp;Luis Colon-Perez","doi":"10.1111/adb.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Opioid agonists are known for their effects on the opioid and dopaminergic systems; however, new research points to complementary changes in the gut underlying maladaptive changes associated with opioid use. The gut–brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional signaling process that permits feedback between the brain and gut and is altered in subjects with opioid use disorders, but the spatiotemporal correspondence between quantitative translational measures of gut and brain health is not clear. In this work, we determined longitudinal and concurrent changes in the brain and gut of rodents trained to self-administer morphine for 14 days. Active lever presses delivered a single infusion of morphine (0.4 mg/kg/infusion). We used MRI and 16s rDNA analysis of faecal matter to identify changes from baseline (naïve, nondrug state) to an acute phase (early in the self-administration process, after 2 days of self-administration) and a chronic phase (late in the self-administration process, after 14 days of self-administration). Animals were scanned in a 7T MRI scanner three times (baseline, acute and chronic), and before scanning, faecal matter was collected from each rat. We found early changes in gut microbiota diversity and specific abundance as early as the acute phase that persisted into the chronic phase. In MRI, we identified alterations in diffusivity indices both within subjects and between groups, showing a main effect in the striatum and thalamus. We posit that gut changes precede the effects observed in MRI, with the striatum and thalamus emerging as crucial links mediating communication between the gut and the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":7289,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Biology","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adb.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}