Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)最新文献

Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Imaging: Current Landscape, Clinical Impact, and Future Directions. 人工智能在心血管成像中的应用：现状、临床影响和未来方向。

Discoveries (Craiova, Romania) Pub Date : 2025-06-30 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.15190/d.2025.10

Sudeep Edpuganti, Amna Shamim, Vilina Hemant Gangolli, Ranasinghe Arachchige Dona Kashmira Nawodi Weerasekara, Amulya Yellamilli

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Imaging: Current Landscape, Clinical Impact, and Future Directions.","authors":"Sudeep Edpuganti, Amna Shamim, Vilina Hemant Gangolli, Ranasinghe Arachchige Dona Kashmira Nawodi Weerasekara, Amulya Yellamilli","doi":"10.15190/d.2025.10","DOIUrl":"10.15190/d.2025.10","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular (CV) imaging is rapidly transforming with the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), automating and augmenting diagnostic pipelines in echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear imaging. In this review, we summarize recent developments in convolutional neural networks for real-time echocardiographic interpretation, deep learning for coronary artery calcium scoring that achieves near-perfect agreement with manual methods, and AI-driven plaque quantification and stenosis detection on coronary CT angiography, which achieves an accuracy of ≥ 96%. FDA-approved platforms (e.g., Aidoc, HeartFlow, Caption Health) emphasize clinical translation, while automated segmentation and perfusion analysis in cardiac MRI produce Dice coefficients ≥ 0.93. We critically analyze persistent issues, algorithmic bias, explainability, data privacy, regulatory heterogeneity, and medico-legal liability. We also discuss risk-reduction tactics, such as federated learning and human-in-the-loop oversight. Reactive diagnostics will allow proactive, personalized treatment in the future, assuming we look ahead, thanks to multimodal AI, wearable sensors, and predictive analytics. For AI to fully optimize cardiovascular care, thorough validation, open algorithmic design, and interdisciplinary cooperation will be necessary.","PeriodicalId":72829,"journal":{"name":"Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)","volume":"13 1","pages":"e211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12327583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neonatal Adrenal Haemorrhage Mimicking Acute Scrotum: A Case Report. 模拟急性阴囊的新生儿肾上腺出血1例报告。

Discoveries (Craiova, Romania) Pub Date : 2025-06-30 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.15190/d.2025.9

Muhammad Mudasir Saleem, Mishal Pervaiz, Ismail Mazhar, Uswah Shoaib, Muhammad Umar Rafique

{"title":"Neonatal Adrenal Haemorrhage Mimicking Acute Scrotum: A Case Report.","authors":"Muhammad Mudasir Saleem, Mishal Pervaiz, Ismail Mazhar, Uswah Shoaib, Muhammad Umar Rafique","doi":"10.15190/d.2025.9","DOIUrl":"10.15190/d.2025.9","url":null,"abstract":"Acute scrotum in neonates is a rare condition with multiple causes, including incarcerated hernia, testicular torsion, birth trauma, gross hydrocele, and neonatal adrenal haemorrhage, the least common aetiology. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential to prevent testicular ischemia. Due to the continuity between the retroperitoneum and the scrotum via the processus vaginalis and inguinal canal, blood from an adrenal haemorrhage may track down into the scrotum, leading to swelling and discoloration. We report a case of a 1-day-old male neonate born via emergency caesarean section at 37 weeks due to foetal distress. The baby initially admitted to the NICU for transient tachypnoea, developed a right hemi-scrotal swelling with bluish discoloration on the second day of life. Scrotal ultrasound suggested testicular torsion, but Doppler imaging showed absent blood flow. Further abdominal ultrasound confirmed a right adrenal haemorrhage. The neonate was managed conservatively with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, oxygen support, and coagulation management. Serial ultrasounds showed gradual resolution, and he was discharged on the 17th postnatal day. Follow-up at 1 and 3 months showed complete recovery with normal growth. Neonatal adrenal haemorrhage should be considered in cases of acute scrotum, especially in neonates with birth asphyxia. Abdominal ultrasound can aid in diagnosis, preventing diagnostic delays, unnecessary surgery, and anaesthesia exposure. This case highlights the importance of thorough imaging and awareness of rare differential diagnoses, contributing to improved clinical practice and better neonatal outcomes.","PeriodicalId":72829,"journal":{"name":"Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)","volume":"13 1","pages":"e210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, a rare tumor at an unusual site: Case report and review of literature. 低级别纤维黏液样肉瘤，罕见部位的罕见肿瘤：病例报告及文献复习。

Discoveries (Craiova, Romania) Pub Date : 2025-06-30 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.15190/d.2025.8

Rasheeda Mohamedali, Nilay Nishith, Rahul Raj, Aishwarya Sharma, Puneet Kaur Somal, Ravikiran N Pawar, Sankalp Sancheti, Deepander Singh Rathore

引用次数: 0

Novel Medication Ganaxolone for Seizure Disorders. 新型药物加那洛酮治疗癫痫。

Discoveries (Craiova, Romania) Pub Date : 2025-06-30 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.15190/d.2025.7

Selia Chowdhury, Samia Chowdhury

{"title":"Novel Medication Ganaxolone for Seizure Disorders.","authors":"Selia Chowdhury, Samia Chowdhury","doi":"10.15190/d.2025.7","DOIUrl":"10.15190/d.2025.7","url":null,"abstract":"Ganaxolone, a neuroactive steroid that increases GABAergic inhibition, has been tested in many trials for the resolution of different epileptic disorders. Based on these, our study implemented a systematic review to evaluate the general benefit of ganaxolone for seizures. Pubmed, google scholar, European PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, and U.S. National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to March 2023 and 12 RCTs were included in this review. We included 1337 patients from 12 RCTs to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ganaxolone. As results showed, across all trials, 26.3% of participants reported >50% reduction from baseline in seizure frequency. The analysis revealed that the nervous system was the most impacted, with dizziness, somnolence, headache, and seizures being the most frequently reported treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The results of these trials suggest that ganaxolone may be effective in reducing seizure frequency in patients with various types of epilepsy, including CDKL5 deficiency disorder, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and Protocadherin 19. However, further studies are needed to determine its safety and efficacy in a larger patient population.","PeriodicalId":72829,"journal":{"name":"Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)","volume":"13 1","pages":"e208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heartbreakers: Decoding the Molecular Dynamics of Stimulants Abuse on the Cardiovascular System. 心碎：解码兴奋剂滥用对心血管系统的分子动力学。

Discoveries (Craiova, Romania) Pub Date : 2025-05-10 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.15190/d.2025.6

Cristina Mihaela Stirbu, Anisia-Cristiana Vasiliniuc, Anda Vasiliu, Elisa Anamaria Liehn

{"title":"Heartbreakers: Decoding the Molecular Dynamics of Stimulants Abuse on the Cardiovascular System.","authors":"Cristina Mihaela Stirbu, Anisia-Cristiana Vasiliniuc, Anda Vasiliu, Elisa Anamaria Liehn","doi":"10.15190/d.2025.6","DOIUrl":"10.15190/d.2025.6","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between stimulants abuse, particularly involving caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate and cocaine, offering a detailed and insightful overview of the multifaceted consequences of stimulant drug use on the cardiovascular system. Substance abuse is a medical and socioeconomic issue, which should be regarded properly with respect to its multifaceted implications. For instance, chronic usage exponentially increases the cardiovascular risk, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Arrhythmias, atherosclerosis, thrombosis and ischemia are just some of the direct effects of stimulants on vessels and heart, which lead in time to more severe pathological changes, such as hypertension, cardiomyopathies, valvulopathies, myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease and other cerebrovascular diseases. The different approaches and diverse perspectives of this review, highlight the clinical significance of this complex field. Moreover, opportunities for further research and exploration are pointed out, thus promoting public education, personalized medical approaches, and targeted interventions to mitigate the substantial morbidity and mortality linked to stimulant abuse. Hopefully, this effort will enhance public cardiovascular well-being.","PeriodicalId":72829,"journal":{"name":"Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)","volume":"13 1","pages":"e207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12245559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Echoes of Trauma: DSA-Guided Coil Embolization for Carotid Cavernous Fistula Presenting with Ocular Bruit and Pulsatile Exophthalmos. 创伤回声：dsa引导线圈栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵瘘，表现为眼部杂音和搏动性眼球突出。

Discoveries (Craiova, Romania) Pub Date : 2025-03-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.15190/d.2025.2

Erekle Ekvtimishvil, Arpita Meher, Jessen Johnson

{"title":"Echoes of Trauma: DSA-Guided Coil Embolization for Carotid Cavernous Fistula Presenting with Ocular Bruit and Pulsatile Exophthalmos.","authors":"Erekle Ekvtimishvil, Arpita Meher, Jessen Johnson","doi":"10.15190/d.2025.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15190/d.2025.2","url":null,"abstract":"Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas (CCFs) are abnormal arteriovenous connections between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus, resulting from trauma. This case report presents a 47-year-old male who developed a CCF following a road traffic accident. The patient exhibited symptoms such as pulsatile exophthalmos and an ocular bruit, characteristic of CCFs. Diagnosis was confirmed through Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), revealed the origin of the fistula. The patient was treated using a novel combined approach of microsurgery and endovascular intervention, involving ligation of the internal carotid artery and transarterial coil embolization. The treatment resulted in rapid resolution of symptoms, including the pulsatile exophthalmos and ocular bruit. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, blending microsurgical and advanced endovascular techniques, in effectively managing traumatic CCFs. The study underscores the value of early diagnosis and the evolving role of minimally invasive procedures in improving patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":72829,"journal":{"name":"Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)","volume":"13 1","pages":"e203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cytological Diagnosis of Hepatic Metastasis from Rectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Case Report. 直肠胃肠道间质瘤肝转移的细胞学诊断1例。

Discoveries (Craiova, Romania) Pub Date : 2025-03-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.15190/d.2025.1

Gauri Niranjan, Pallavi Prasad, Archana Verma, Ashok Kumar

{"title":"Cytological Diagnosis of Hepatic Metastasis from Rectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Case Report.","authors":"Gauri Niranjan, Pallavi Prasad, Archana Verma, Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.15190/d.2025.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15190/d.2025.1","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are rare mesenchymal tumours which represent 1% to 3% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. Rectal location of GIST is extremely rare accounting for 5% of GIST and only 0.1% of rectal tumours. They usually metastasise to the liver (65%). We hereby report a case of rectal stromal tumour with hepatic metastasis. A 55-year-old female presented with pelvic pain, associated with rectal bleeding. A thoracoabdominal computed tomography showed a large heterogeneous enhancing mass, arising from the rectum, anal canal and distal sigmoid colon measuring 12.3x8.7x7.6cm. Based on histopathological examination followed by immunohistochemistry, she was diagnosed with locally advanced rectal GIST. The tumour reduced in size after neoadjuvant-targeted treatment with imatinib. A local resection of the rectal GIST was successfully performed, and a diversion colostomy was done, later colostomy bag was attached. Following the operation, oral imatinib treatment was continued. On subsequent follow-up, her triple phase CECT whole abdomen showed multiple small well-defined peripherally enhancing hypodense liver lesions, the largest measuring 29x18mm suggestive of metastases. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration from a liver lesion was reported as metastatic GIST. The patient underwent surgery, sunitinib was started and was discharged in stable condition. Thus, cytologic examination provides rapid interpretation, is a less invasive technique than open biopsy, and provides a cost-effective modality for diagnosing and managing inaccessible lesions.","PeriodicalId":72829,"journal":{"name":"Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)","volume":"13 1","pages":"e202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix, a rare entity of young females: A case report. 宫颈透明细胞腺癌，罕见的年轻女性：1例报告。

Discoveries (Craiova, Romania) Pub Date : 2025-03-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.15190/d.2025.4

Paramita Paul, Paramita Rudra Pal, Sadaf Hayat

引用次数: 0

Impact of Triton X-100 on Notch 1 Surface Receptor Immunofluorescence: A Cautionary Study. Triton X-100对Notch 1表面受体免疫荧光影响的警示研究

Discoveries (Craiova, Romania) Pub Date : 2025-03-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.15190/d.2025.5

Maha Shahid, Kanwal Iftikhar, Shabana Usman Simjee

引用次数: 0

Clinical Insights and Advancements in Human Metapneumovirus Management and Prognosis. 人偏肺病毒治疗和预后的临床见解和进展。

Discoveries (Craiova, Romania) Pub Date : 2025-03-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.15190/d.2025.3

Harsahaj Singh Wilkhoo, Afra Wasama Islam, Harkirat Singh Wilkhoo, Suhaib Hussain, Bharat Singh, Saumya Rajesh Kadam

{"title":"Clinical Insights and Advancements in Human Metapneumovirus Management and Prognosis.","authors":"Harsahaj Singh Wilkhoo, Afra Wasama Islam, Harkirat Singh Wilkhoo, Suhaib Hussain, Bharat Singh, Saumya Rajesh Kadam","doi":"10.15190/d.2025.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15190/d.2025.3","url":null,"abstract":"Human metapneumovirus is a respiratory pathogen that infects children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite its global prevalence, underdiagnosis persists because of clinical overlap with other respiratory viruses. The current approach is mostly supportive, with oxygen therapy and hydration being crucial interventions. Ribavirin contains antiviral properties but has little clinical application. Vaccine development is moving forward, with prospects including live-attenuated, subunit-based, and virus-like particle vaccines. Molecular diagnostics, such as RT-PCR and metagenomic sequencing, have increased detection rates, which aids epidemiological monitoring. Monoclonal antibodies targeting the fusion (F) protein are being studied for passive immunity, while immunomodulatory treatments such as corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins may help treat severe cases. Emerging treatments include fusion inhibitors and pan-pneumovirus vaccinations that protect against HMPV and RSV. Future research should concentrate on optimizing antiviral methods, increasing vaccination trials, and improving surveillance to detect outbreaks. A multidisciplinary approach that combines virology, immunology, and epidemiology is required to reduce HMPV's effect and improve patient outcomes. This review serves as a comprehensive literature about HMPV which provides all the crucial clinical perspectives and the latest advancements in management, antivirals, patient prognosis as well and diagnostic modalities.","PeriodicalId":72829,"journal":{"name":"Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)","volume":"13 1","pages":"e204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0