Cities & health最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the traditional dimensions of residential segregation by educational level in Chile","authors":"Sandra Flores-Alvarado, Tamara Doberti Herrera, Mauricio Fuentes-Alburquenque","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2124591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2124591","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN La segregación residencial es parte del camino causal de diferentes resultados de salud y se estudia principalmente ligada a la raza. En 1988, Massey y Denton propusieron 5 dimensiones teóricas de la segregación residencial: desigualdad, exposición, agrupamiento, concentración y centralización, que confirmaron utilizando índices de las proporciones de razas de EEUU. Estos índices son ampliamente utilizados, sin embargo, en Chile la segregación es determinada por niveles socioeconómicos y educacionales. Este estudio pretende evaluar si las dimensiones tradicionales de la segregación residencial se mantienen cuando se utilizan variables de segregación y poblaciones diferentes, tales como el nivel educacional en Chile. Replicamos la evaluación de Massey y Denton construyendo 20 índices de segregación educacional en 247 comunas chilenas. Construimos la matriz de correlaciones de los índices y realizamos un análisis factorial de ejes principales y comparamos nuestros resultados con los de esos autores. No hay una alta intercorrelación entre los índices asociados con las 5 dimensiones teóricas excepto por la dimensión de desigualdad y parcialmente, exposición. Esto se reafirma por el análisis factorial exploratorio, en que no es posible verificar de manera empírica las mismas dimensiones. Este estudio demuestra la necesidad de caracterizar localmente no solo los índices de segregación residencial, sino también las dimensiones teóricas a las que se refieren con el propósito de mejorar las interpretaciones de los efectos de la segregación residencial sobre la salud.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"19 1","pages":"148 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88067749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The caring city: ethics of urban design","authors":"K. Worpole","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2136558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2136558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"306 1","pages":"963 - 963"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79349172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Built environments for physical activity: a longitudinal descriptive analysis of Sao Paulo city, Brazil","authors":"I. P. Teixeira, Joao João Paulo dos Anjos Souza Barbosa, L. Barrozo, A. Hino, Priscila Missaki Nakamura, Douglas Roque Andrade, S. Mavoa, Gavin Turrell, Rodrigo Siqueira Reis, A. Florindo","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2127173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2127173","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN Las políticas y los planes de la ciudad juegan un papel importante en la promoción de la actividad física a través de cambios en el diseño urbano y los sistemas de transporte. Los objetivos de este estudio fue describir los cambios longitudinales y relevantes en el entorno construido para la actividad física en el tiempo libre y los viajes activos en la ciudad de Sao Paulo, Brasil, entre 2015 y 2020; describir estos cambios según las regiones de la ciudad, los ingresos de las secciones censales y las zonas de amortiguamiento alrededor de las residencias de los participantes en una cohorte. Para ello se utilizarán datos de bibliotecas públicas en línea, cotejados con las secretarías municipales y estatales específicas, se midieron plazas públicas, parques, instalaciones deportivas, clubes comunitarios, gimnasios al aire libre, ciclovías, estaciones de tren o metro, terminales de autobuses y unidades de salud. Para cuantificar estos atributos alrededor de las residencias, se adoptaron cuatro zonas de amortiguamiento diferentes: zonas de amortiguamiento radiales de 500 m y 1000 m y zonas de amortiguamiento de red de 500 m y 1000 m. Se observó un aumento en gimnasios al aire libre (+109,6%), ciclovías (+67,7%), estaciones de tren o metro, terminales de ómnibus (+15,4%), instalaciones deportivas (+12,0%) y plazas públicas (+8,7%). Sin embargo, los cambios difirieron según la región, los ingresos del distrito censal y el área residencial. Los resultados pueden servir para fomentar una discusión sobre los efectos de las políticas locales que se están ejecutando. Además, este estudio destaca desigualdades importantes en las ciudades a través de los diferentes niveles evaluados.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"22 1","pages":"137 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85260127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schools that heal: design with mental health in mind","authors":"Majid Amani Beni, Mohammad Reza Khalilnezhad","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2136611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2136611","url":null,"abstract":"those who use it. Indeed, a unique facet of the book is how conversational and personal it reads. Each chapter is a ‘practice story’—a product of an interview with the author whereby their strategies and observations about a particular project, its processes, challenges and outcomes are described and reflected on. This way of setting up the book affords a sense of honesty and education that will undoubtedly be valuable for anyone seeking to embark in a participatory planning endeavour for the first time, or hone these skills for those who are seasoned at engaging with communities. The book is structured around three distinct parts that frame the place makers’ stories. Part I is titled ‘Design, Collaboration, and Ownership’ and includes four chapters that tackle broad but timely topics such as affordable housing and ethnicity, public space use, and group dynamics among stakeholders. The authors in this section recall actions taken, and lessons learned, related to the projects that they are describing for the book – many of which are both relatable and repeatable for those who live and work in cities with analogous demographics and economics. Many authors note the benefits of finding more accessible ways to inform (but also to learn with) members of the public so that everyone has a confident voice in municipal decisionmaking. Part II is titled ‘Engagement and Difference in Placemaking’ and includes four chapters concerning dispute resolution and racial violence, the development of a justice centre, community belonging, and the art of listening and being accountable in a community. These authors discuss some of the strategies used to form partnerships with community members and organizations, including working in alignment with the idiosyncratic aspects of a place in order to make participatory methods work smoothly. The authors also make sure that readers understand how important the local context is, whether the issue at hand is food security, social justice, public health – and beyond. Authors’ insights formed from the ground up seem transposable to research and activism related to mental health: When planners and administrators concern themselves with the culture and the nuanced ways of living in a place, it often results in stronger trust-building and a level of openness among stakeholders and community members, affording greater democracy and cogent policy-making. Last, Part III is called ‘Art, Imagination, and Value Creation.’ Its five chapters discuss links between public art and economic development, place identity, sustainable design, and cultivating the arts in communities in general. This collection of chapters expresses a common worry among the authors that decision-makers may not thoroughly or consistently listen to, or act on, what artists, activists, entrepreneurs, gardeners, and other community players suggest for a setting. This section of the book may be particularly helpful for those looking to make a difference at the individua","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"1 1","pages":"1050 - 1052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89692504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating active urban environments: insights from expert interviews","authors":"Loes van Renswouw, Carine Lallemand, P. van Wesemael, S. Vos","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2132585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2132585","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urban planning and design offer opportunities to nudge people towards more active behavior. This is a popular topic among urbanists and health professionals, with several guidelines and best practices already developed. However, a gap exists between theory and practice and the complex realization process of such active environments is rarely documented. In this study, we investigated the process of designing, implementing, and evaluating active urban environments through semi-structured interviews with 11 European practitioner experts in the field of active environment design and development. We additionally analyzed 51 examples of active environments they provided. We discuss definitions of active environments and their added value to encourage active behavior and provide an overview of the spectrum of design strategies, elements and boundaries used to create them. We also describe typical steps in the design and realization process, including types of stakeholders, main gaps, and points of friction in this practice.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"1 1","pages":"463 - 479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80477309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life conditions of residents in social housing in Medellin, Colombia: a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process","authors":"Harold Cardona-Trujillo, Estefany Peña-Rojas, E. Martínez-Herrera, María Claudia Mejía-Gil","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2122264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2122264","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN Para comprender las condiciones de vida relacionadas con la salud de los habitantes de la vivienda social ubicadas en las comunas de Medellín, se propone una metodología basada en la resolución de problemas complejos haciendo uso de método del Proceso de Jerarquía Analítica Difusa (Fuzzy-AHP) para evaluar las percepciones de expertos de los criterios extraídos del Índice Multidimensional de Condiciones de Vida (IMCV) del año 2017, como elemento de la gestión urbana y las políticas públicas. Para comparar entre sí las cinco comunas con mayor presencia de proyectos de vivienda social en Medellín, se partió de comparar 14 criterios con 40 variables, cada criterio con entre dos y seis variables, usando información de 12 jueces expertos, para derivar pesos, prioridades y jerarquías a partir de comparar la importancia de cada uno de los criterios de calidad, se determinó que la comuna 16 (Belén) y la comuna 60 (San Cristóbal) cuentan con las mejores y peores condiciones de vida para los habitantes de la vivienda social respectivamente.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"36 1","pages":"112 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79771712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory approaches to enact meaningful interconnectedness with the natural environment: a case study in Singapore","authors":"Diana M. Benjumea, Yohei Kato, Keng Hua Chong","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2124012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2124012","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the last decades, Singapore has reintroduced biodiverse green spaces in the city with the aim of enhancing the wellbeing of residents through nature connection. Despite the impressive urban green infrastructure built, surges in mental health related problems have questioned the efficacy of the methods applied to reconnect citizens with the natural environment. Of interest are the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) nature placemaking programmes introducing new social-ecological values that influence the sense of psychological wellbeing in the long-term. Nevertheless, since nature placemaking is a relatively new practice, more knowledge on the methods implemented to connect residents to the natural environment is needed, considering also the values enacted, how facilitators impact or accelerate the process, and the necessary frequency of interaction and time of engagement. To explore this, we conducted an in-depth analysis at the NGO ‘The Ground-Up Initiative’ (GUI) in Singapore. A sequential mixed-methods study, including seven focus groups and a survey was conducted with core members and volunteers. It was found that the duration of engagement and number of programmes attended are correlated to feelings of social cohesion, sense of community, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Additionally, the role of facilitators was found to be a determinant to enable values that promote interconnectedness with the natural environment.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"19 1","pages":"1134 - 1151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85016837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Our Voice in the Ciclovía: exercising recreation and health rights through Citizen Science","authors":"D. Higuera-Mendieta, S. González, B. Chrisinger, Natalia Rodriguez Castañeda, L. Rosas, A. Banchoff, Johnattan García, Cristina Mejía-Cancelado, Camilo A Triana, A. King, O. Sarmiento","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2119815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2119815","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN La Ciclovía es un programa multisectorial en el que se cierran las calles a los automóviles para que las personas tengan un espacio seguro e inclusivo para la recreación y la actividad física en Bogotá, Colombia. Este estudio tuvo como objetivos a) determinar en qué medida el método de ciencia ciudadana con participación comunitaria, Nuestra Voz, facilitó la interacción entre la investigación y la práctica para realizar cambios en el programa Ciclovía; b) evaluar la receptividad de los tomadores de decisiones y participantes al método Nuestra Voz; y c) analizar los aportes del método al ejercicio de los derechos hacia la recreación y la salud en Bogotá. Se utilizó un diseño de métodos mixtos exploratorio secuencial para recopilar e interpretar datos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Nuestra Voz mejoró las comunicaciones entre los participantes del programa y los tomadores de decisiones, proporcionando un método para comprender las experiencias de los usuarios e implementar cambios basados en datos. Los cambios al programa incluyeron la provisión de baños portátiles en el circuito, una extensión del circuito de Ciclovía y la mejora de la capacitación del personal de Ciclovía. El proyecto también perfeccionó las habilidades de los científicos ciudadanos en la observación ambiental y la defensa de sus derechos a la salud y la recreación.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"74 1","pages":"122 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84002085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of urban walking on psychophysiological wellbeing","authors":"C. Neale, J. Hoffman, D. Jefferson, J. Gohlke, M. Boukhechba, A. Mondschein, S. Wang, J. Roe","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2123763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2123763","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research indicates benefits to psychophysiological wellbeing from walking in urban green space compared to other built settings. This study builds on research in older adults extending the protocol to healthy adults (n = 40, mean age = 42 years) exploring the impacts of walking in varying environmental conditions on psychophysiological outcomes (mood, working-memory and heart rate variability (HRV)). Participants undertook a short (20–30 minute) walk in both an urban green and gray setting, one week apart, with varying levels of air pollution and heat. Walking in the urban green setting increased positive mood and HRV (suggesting positive impact on physiological stress) and decreased self-reported stress and arousal. Thermal sensation in the urban green setting was lower compared to the urban gray setting. Our results build on evidence that there are potential beneficial effects of urban green settings with respect to heat and particulate matter (PM2.5). These results show psychophysiological benefits of short walks within urban green settings, during the pandemic, which has implications for public health and how we engage with our local environments for physical activity.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"170 1","pages":"1053 - 1066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80661517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is it appropriate to import existing food retail environment definitions for the Latin American context? A systematic search and expert knowledge","authors":"M. C. de Menezes, Paulo Cesar Pereira de Castro Junior, M. F. Kroker-Lobos, C. Ferrer, N. Tumas, I. R. R. de Castro, L. Cardoso","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2112502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2112502","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN La investigación sobre el ambiente alimentario en América Latina ya no puede considerarse incipiente. Sin embargo, Todavía tenemos importantes desafíos metodológicos que enfrentar, incluyendo la comprensión de los tipos de comercios de alimentos. Hemos desarrollado un inventario de los tipos de comercio de alimentos más relevantes en América Latina, utilizando el conocimiento de expertos y la búsqueda de literatura para identificar la terminología comúnmente utilizada en los artículos científicos en América Latina. Finalmente, se desarrolló una lista de tipos de comercio de alimentos, seguida de sus respectivas definiciones, y similitudes y diferencias entre Estados Unidos y América Latina. La taxonomía puede ser útil para facilitar las comparaciones, desarrollar repositorios de datos que evalúen la disponibilidad de los tipos de comercios de alimentos, generar datos empíricos para clasificar el comercio de alimentos en saludables/no saludables y desarrollar marcos teóricos para la región.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"23 1","pages":"46 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82065423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}