Cities & health最新文献

{"title":"Community wellbeing in the built environment: towards a relational building assessment","authors":"Norene Lach, S. McDonald, Sylvia Coleman, M. Touchie, John Robinson, Garrett T. Morgan, Blake Poland, Alstan Jakubiec","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2097827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2097827","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Community Wellbeing (CW) in the built environment is acknowledged as being ‘greater than the sum of its parts’, a process that emerges when residents negotiate understandings of community within shared spaces. However, methods of evaluation have not caught up. In practice, evaluation methods and frameworks measure CW as an aggregate of individual wellbeing, and operate as a ‘pick and mix’ of dimensions and indicators. Such an approach fails to capture the resident experience as it emerges from (and is shaped by) the local community context. To bridge the gap between theory and practice, we advance participatory mixed methods to integrate CW theory with current building performance assessment methods in support of the development of a novel, evidence-based tool. The first section covers the shift from an aggregate to relational conceptual framework, employing a social practice theory lens to acknowledge how CW emerges from individual and collective interactions. We then situate CW within current building performance assessment methods by reviewing seven CW frameworks. Finally, we recommend improvements to CW assessment based on our own research, including participatory methods, local community engagement, and Photovoice.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"74 1","pages":"1193 - 1211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86619616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Providing support to underprivileged people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: the role of the Trust Group and women leaders in São Paulo’s favelas","authors":"A. Domingos, Juliana Miranda Mitkiewicz, P. Saldiva","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2111192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2111192","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN São Paulo fue uno de los epicentros de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil y su impacto fue severo entre las poblaciones más desfavorecidas, especialmente en los residentes de favelas. Este documental relata la creación del Grupo Confianza, compuesto en su mayoría por mujeres líderes comunitarias en favelas de São Paulo y cómo sus acciones inspiraron políticas públicas en Brasil; sus lecciones son ejemplos de gobernabilidad y solidaridad en tiempos de crisis y pueden servir de modelo para otras ciudades de Latinoamérica. El documental describe la historia contada por aquellas líderes comunitarios. Para ver el documental, por favor visite el siguiente link: https://youtu.be/61elJw0oqCY","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"34 11 1","pages":"41 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80219277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making healthy places: designing and building for well-being, equity, and sustainability","authors":"Kimberley Kinder","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2123604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2123604","url":null,"abstract":"adopted the process more as guidelines without considering the context. Cities for Life is recommended reading for all who are trying to gain better insight into urban studies, urban governance and urban living, like academicians, practitioners, social scientists and researchers, and especially those with an interest in the relationship between urban governance and mental health or community recovery and realities of Inclusive Planning through a participatory approach.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"18 1","pages":"897 - 897"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75252798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mainstreaming health in urban design and planning: advances in theory and practice","authors":"J. Siri, I. Geddes","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2148844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2148844","url":null,"abstract":"That urban environments influence health is not a recent discovery, nor is concern for health among urban planners a novel development. Public health practitioners, too, have long advocated for interventions in the urban fabric to address pressing health issues. The origins and evolution of these fields are, indeed, closely interwoven. The ‘sanitary revolution’ of the 19th century recognised the environmental origins of many major urban health threats, and well over a century has elapsed since the birth of the corresponding public health movement focused on improving urban living conditions. Early exploration of the possibilities of urban space for elevating wellbeing included ‘model’ experimental housing projects, as in the industrial company towns of New Lanark and Saltaire (Minnery 2012), and planning theory sowed the seeds not just for research and practice on healthy cities, but also for a deeper examination of the relationship between human and natural systems, for example, through the Garden Cities movement. Today, we have moved far beyond isolated experimental prototypes of healthy urbanism. The WHO Healthy Cities project was founded in 1986, drawing on the principles of Health for All laid out in the 1978 Alma Ata conference, and has achieved many practical successes while expanding to thousands of communities around the world. In parallel, since the 1990s there has been a burgeoning effort to shed light on the interrelated nature of people, health, and the environment at various geographical scales (Lawrence 2021). Indeed, in the modern age, humanity’s impacts on the environment have become so significant that we now know our era as The Anthropocene (Steffen et al. 2007), and we recognize the preservation and flourishing of natural resources as inextricably linked to human health – for example, in the emerging rubric of planetary health. Peer-to-peer city networks, to be sure, increasingly concern themselves with issues of health and environment. Thus, it is now well established that effective urban planning and design can support human and planetary health and that, conversely, poorly designed and managed cities – as often seen in contexts of rapid, unplanned urban growth and limited resources – generate threats to health and environmental burdens. As Lawrence (2004) articulated, health should be seen as ‘a dynamic, holistic and positive concept that should be understood and included in programs, projects and plans about built environments’. Yet, while research, policy, and practice on healthy cities have surged in recent decades, the status of urban health globally remains suboptimal: for example, though city dwellers generally enjoy better health than their rural counterparts, almost 40% have no access to safely managed sanitation services and an estimated 91% of people in urban areas breathe polluted air (WHO 2021). With 68% of the population predicted to live in urban areas by 2050, a failure to incorporate health more decisively i","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"45 1","pages":"853 - 857"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85513200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research for city practice","authors":"M. Grant, I. Geddes","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2148921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2148921","url":null,"abstract":"SUPPORTING CITY KNOW-HOW Human health and planetary health are influenced by city lifestyles, city leadership, and city development. For both, worrying trends have lead to increasing concern, and it is imperative that these become core foci for urban policy. This will require concerted action; the journal Cities & Health is dedicated to supporting the flow of knowledge, in all directions, to help make this happen. We wish to foster communication between researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, communities, and decision-makers in cities. This is the purpose of the City Know-how section of the journal. We, and our knowledge partners, the International Society for Urban Health and Salus.Global invite you to join these conversations with the authors and communities directly, and also, we hope, by publishing in Cities & Health.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"74 1","pages":"858 - 863"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74310211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cities for life: how communities can recover from trauma and rebuild for health","authors":"Subhrajit Banerjee","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2099674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2099674","url":null,"abstract":"former category and public health researchers into the latter. This demarcation would have been useful to continue throughout the chapter to indicate text most pertinent to each discipline, but instead the chapter proceeds to cover the data concepts more broadly (e.g., ‘Where and at What Level to Measure Urban Features’, ‘What to Measure’, ‘Secondary Spatial Data’). Future editions might consider some restructuring and guiding expectations for content depending on discipline. As a public health researcher who works with data on a daily basis, this reviewer enjoyed each of the chapters in Part III and their unique perspectives on major aspects of dealing with urban health data. The chapters cover managing and analyzing data, analytic strategies, and evidence synthesis, presenting key methods and principles useful for individuals conducting quantitative research. Chapter 10 addresses the systems approach, an overlooked method of integrating data and conceptualizing urban health. The one caveat to this section is that the topics covered are more pertinent to individuals who analyze data or regularly deal with data analysts and research findings, and are less suitable for practitioners who do not regularly deal with data. Part IV was this reviewer’s favorite section because it bridges a serious gap in most public health research to date. The chapters convince the reader of the importance and methods of involving community members at every stage of the research process, from idea development, to intervention/implementation, to data analysis, to evidence dissemination. Chapter 14 on Policy in Urban Health is accessible for students and professionals in non-health disciplines. Chapter 15 provides a starting point for effectively sharing findings outside of one’s discipline, in order to break down silos, translate research into practice, and have a positive impact on communities. In sum, Part IV offers new perspectives, motivation, and inspiration on ways to make urban health research count. Overall, the book is novel and covers the subject of urban public health in a way that will be appealing to newcomers to this field. It is particularly successful in describing ‘the problem’, providing key concept overviews with illustrative examples and references to outside resources, and outlining sample methods for making an impact by translating research findings to practice. Although some chapters are not as accessible to individuals outside of the public health discipline, the editors readily acknowledged that only certain chapters might be appealing for some readers, disciplines, or career stages. This reviewer could envision a future edition expanding Parts II and III to provide a more detailed handbook dedicated to data analysis of urban health data. Altogether, it is a solid and insightful first edition book.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"106 1","pages":"895 - 897"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87611897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health and wellbeing (SDG3) in urban design and spatial planning – a retrospective roadmap towards the collective impact model","authors":"Miri Jano Reiss, Amiram Rotem, Ofer Gridinger, Yael Tzur, Gil Reichman, R. Berenbaum, C. Tziraki","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2147469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2147469","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) lay the foundations for supporting global health yet the rate of meeting the SDGs is slow and complex. In order to meet these transactional and multidisciplinary challenges a paradigm shift from operating in silos is needed, to include a more interdisciplinary approach (top down as well as bottom up approaches). This paper reports top down and bottom up approaches that were used to address health and wellbeing in a middle-eastern multi-cultural city. In this retrospective roadmap, we highlight the key pillars that appear to have assisted in progress in achieving SDG3, Good Health and Well-being. The roadmap includes the development of the key pillars: 1) a common agenda, 2) shared measurement system, 3) mutually reinforcing activities, 4) continuous communication and 5) backbone support. Highlighting condition 4, continuous communication, of the model, we discuss the creation, use and importance of a “communication tool” used for Healthy Urban Planning. This tool developed cooperatively with relevant municipality departments, national government, and multidisciplinary community shareholders, led to organizational changes and the creation of the Sustainability Department of the municipality. This retrospective roadmap appears to reflect the collective impact framework appropriate for solving complex challenges such as achieving SDGs.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"50 1","pages":"993 - 1003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85456733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot program to address tenants’ complex social, psychological, and medical needs in social housing: lessons learned","authors":"M. Brydges, R. Rooks, Kelly Coxson, M. Pirrie, G. Agarwal, J. Dunn","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2115961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2115961","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this City Short article, we present the case of a pilot program in Hamilton, Ontario, that created a “hub” of services to address the social determinants of health for low-income individuals residing in social housing. Individuals residing in social housing often face multiple, complex challenges that impact their health and wellbeing. Providing services and supports directly within social housing buildings has been one proposed solution, however our understanding of best practices in this area remains underdeveloped. We aim to address this gap by describing the pilot program and the impact to tenants. Lastly, we share important lessons learned for others aiming to engage in similar programs.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"50 1","pages":"1034 - 1038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88531899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing mind-friendly environments: architecture and design for everyone","authors":"Mohammad Reza Khalilnezhad, Majid Amani-Beni","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2105635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2105635","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"23 1","pages":"1046 - 1048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77839489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding urban sprawl trends in peri urban regions across global cities - survey of case studies","authors":"A. Narayani, R. Nagalakshmi","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2106771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2106771","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Land, a prime resource to sustain life is rapidly transforming due to human activity. Urban sprawl being one of them drives land use land cover changes. Though sprawl is predominantly discussed with reference to built-up area the rural-urban interface it is a highly potential zone for development. The paper aims to compare urbanization trends across global cities, undergoing significant changes in their peri urban landscapes. Industrialization, affordable housing, and transport infrastructure have been some of the key factors contributing to these sprawl conditions. The study will aid decision makers to consider the different dimensions in designing future sustainable cities.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"26 1","pages":"492 - 504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80843020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}