Cities & health最新文献

{"title":"Transit justice: community perceptions and anticipations of a new light rail transit line in Prince George’s County, Maryland, United States","authors":"Shuling Wu, Jennifer D. Roberts","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2133573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2133573","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Transit-oriented developments are increasingly important as they address many modern urban environment problems such as urban sprawl, pollution, and rising rates of non-communicable diseases. However, their implementation is difficult as cities are complex systems. Urban health improvements is a labyrinthian process as enhancements in one area often leads to several unintended side effects, such as transit-induced gentrification or injustice. The Purple Line Impact on Neighborhood, Health and Transit (PLIGHT) study examines the community impact of a forthcoming light rail train line in Prince George’s County, Maryland, a predominantly Black and Hispanic community. Results show that despite mindful planning the Purple light rail train is subject to ‘Transit Orientated Development’ idealism, which can propagate transit injustices. This qualitative study highlights the disconnect between this idealism and practice. It explicitly identifies the most vulnerable of transit users and highlights how neoliberal urbanism contributes to health inequities in Transit Orientated Development practice.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"105 1","pages":"1012 - 1028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80672159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism spectrum condition and the built environment","authors":"Keith McAllister, Aine McBeth, Neil Galway","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2139210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2139210","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A growing body of research proves that city green spaces provide positive physical and mental health benefits. However, access is not universal. For many people with Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC), our cities can be difficult to navigate, due to the cognitive and social challenges inherent within the Built Environment. Problematically, cities are planned and designed by and for neurotypical people who commonly neglect the needs of those with disabilities. This paper aims to identify the impacts of the Built Environment on the walkability of a city for those with Autism Spectrum Condition. Using film, photography and recordings, two alternative journeys from a transport hub to a public park are analysed. A focus group consisting of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Condition aid the investigation by analysing the material gathered before suggesting potential solutions to the identified challenges. Suggestions included transition zones and provision of dedicated quiet places in the city, compartmentalisation of large spaces, utilising technology before journeys alongside improving safety and signage. Reflecting on the findings, this paper provides a number of urban design principles for the Built Environment, which consider those with Autism Spectrum Condition, that will make our shared Built Environment more inclusive for all.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"31 1","pages":"1164 - 1178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81698916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of the built environment to inequity in loneliness by neighbourhood disadvantage in Australia","authors":"Tara Jamalishahni, G. Turrell, K. Villanueva, Sarah Foster, M. Davern","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2145733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2145733","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Disadvantaged areas have higher loneliness levels than advantaged areas, though studies rarely identify objective built environment determinants of loneliness by neighbourhood disadvantage. We studied the contribution of objective walkability components (residential density, street connectivity, and land use mix) and overall walkability in the relationship between neighbourhood disadvantage and loneliness using cross-sectional data from 3778 individuals aged 48-77 years old living in 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia. Residential density only partly contributed to the observed inequity in loneliness across neighbourhood disadvantages, among all walkability components. Moreover, the overall walkability could not explain inequity in loneliness across neighbourhood disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"33 1","pages":"1067 - 1080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88006165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research for city practice","authors":"Hannah Arnett, M. Grant","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2156709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2156709","url":null,"abstract":"SUPPORTING CITY KNOW-HOW Human and planetary health are influenced by city lifestyles, city leadership, and city development. For both, worrying trends have led to increasing concern – and it is imperative that these become core foci for urban policy. This will require concerted action and the journal Cities & Health is dedicated to supporting the flow of knowledge, in all directions, to help make this happen. We wish to foster communication between researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, communities, and decision-makers in cities. This is the purpose of the City Know-how section of the journal. We, and our knowledge partners (the International Society for Urban Health and Salus.Global), invite you to join these conversations with the authors and communities directly, and also to consider publishing in Cities & Health to influence urban policy.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"3 1","pages":"1025 - 1033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86907618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Let’s not forget the role of environmental psychology in our quest for healthier cities","authors":"Lindsay J. McCunn, Hannah Arnett","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2143254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2143254","url":null,"abstract":"Every day, around the world, city dwellers experience the enticements, innovations, and complexities native to the urban form. Cities naturally afford a sense of vibrancy, social connection, cultural immersion, and community. They also serve as places for augmenting relationships and affiliations, accessing resources and technology, as well as economic gain. But, for many, cities are also rife with hardship and uncertainty, social injustice, and unsustainable systems – systems that benefit some while entrenching inequity for others. Arguably, governments, organizations, and individuals alike have needed to prioritize transdisciplinary knowledge about people-place relations for decades as they work to predict and improve resilience and public health. Urgent human and planetary health demands in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, and in the midst of climate change, exist. This means that developing strategies for urban planners and practitioners to use as they facilitate change quickly is prudent. In response, our primary aim for this special issue of Cities & Health titled ‘Planning for People and Health: Environmental Psychology in the City’ is to communicate interdisciplinary research and commentary at the intersection of urban planning, social science, and public health. Creating (and then maintaining) opportunities for city inhabitants to foster their quality of life and wellbeing, while learning from different cultures and contexts, requires researchers, planners, and decisionmakers to have a clearer understanding of human psychological processes in relation to the built and natural settings that surround them. As a professional environmental psychologist, and a research practitioner specializing in place-based community wellbeing and health innovation, co-guest editing this special issue fulfilled our joint aspiration to bring together academic and field work that references theories found in environmental psychology – a discipline centred on studying transactions between people and place (Gifford 2014). Our overarching objective was to publish existing (and stimulate new) investigations about urban psychology, health, and sustainable behaviours from around the globe. The special issue succeeds in showcasing empirical, conceptual, and methodological contributions written for a broad audience. And, as with all issues of Cities & Health, many papers are accompanied by a ‘City Know How’ submission that allows authors to summarize the applied aspects of their work in a format that practitioners, planners, and academics can use quickly and easily, ‘on the ground’. The various types of papers, book reviews, and city shorts reveal an evolving evidence base that can be used to address a variety of challenges related to urban life. Generally, the contributions in this special issue employ mixed-methods research approaches to study how the quality of urban infrastructure can affect human wellbeing (e.g. studying apartment building defects in relation ","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"1 1","pages":"1021 - 1023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75392053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steps to urban well-being, Copenhagen, Denmark","authors":"Hannah Arnett","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2157998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2157998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"6 1","pages":"1024 - 1024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77000137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between household density and mood during COVID-19 lockdowns: evidence from Ecuador","authors":"J. Díaz-Sánchez, Cintya Lanchimba, Franklin Velasco, Mariel Paz y Miño","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2135187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2135187","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN En este artículo, reportamos una investigación de la asociación entre densidad/hacinamiento en el hogar y estado de ánimo durante el confinamiento ocacionado por el COVID-19. Para tal efecto, usamos una muestra del Ecuador (n = 2489) que fue recolectada durante las medidas extremas del confinamiento decretadas por el gobernó ecuatoriano. Nuestros resultados indican que existe una relación negativa entre densidad en el hogar y el estado de ánimo de los residentes. Este resultado sugiere que vivir en un hogar con mayor número de personas por habitación resulta en peores estados de ánimo auto-reportados, hallazgo que está en línea con típicos sentimientos negativos de ansiedad y frustración derivados de restricciones sobre el comportamiento. Así mismo, un análisis post-hoc de nuestros resultados revela importantes perspectivas para cada grupo de edad. Este análisis muestra una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre generaciones. Específicamente, la relación negativa entre densidad y el estado de ánimo auto-reportado durante la cuarentena es estadísticamente significativo para aquellos nacidos en 1969-1980 y 1994-2010, las así llamadas generaciones X y Z, respectivamente. Sin embargo, la relación no es estadísticamente significativa para aquellos nacidos entre 1949-1968 y 1981-1993, grupos conocidos como baby boomers y generación Y, respectivamente.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"51 1","pages":"102 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85336813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the traditional dimensions of residential segregation by educational level in Chile","authors":"Sandra Flores-Alvarado, Tamara Doberti Herrera, Mauricio Fuentes-Alburquenque","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2124591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2124591","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN La segregación residencial es parte del camino causal de diferentes resultados de salud y se estudia principalmente ligada a la raza. En 1988, Massey y Denton propusieron 5 dimensiones teóricas de la segregación residencial: desigualdad, exposición, agrupamiento, concentración y centralización, que confirmaron utilizando índices de las proporciones de razas de EEUU. Estos índices son ampliamente utilizados, sin embargo, en Chile la segregación es determinada por niveles socioeconómicos y educacionales. Este estudio pretende evaluar si las dimensiones tradicionales de la segregación residencial se mantienen cuando se utilizan variables de segregación y poblaciones diferentes, tales como el nivel educacional en Chile. Replicamos la evaluación de Massey y Denton construyendo 20 índices de segregación educacional en 247 comunas chilenas. Construimos la matriz de correlaciones de los índices y realizamos un análisis factorial de ejes principales y comparamos nuestros resultados con los de esos autores. No hay una alta intercorrelación entre los índices asociados con las 5 dimensiones teóricas excepto por la dimensión de desigualdad y parcialmente, exposición. Esto se reafirma por el análisis factorial exploratorio, en que no es posible verificar de manera empírica las mismas dimensiones. Este estudio demuestra la necesidad de caracterizar localmente no solo los índices de segregación residencial, sino también las dimensiones teóricas a las que se refieren con el propósito de mejorar las interpretaciones de los efectos de la segregación residencial sobre la salud.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"19 1","pages":"148 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88067749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The caring city: ethics of urban design","authors":"K. Worpole","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2136558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2136558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"306 1","pages":"963 - 963"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79349172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Built environments for physical activity: a longitudinal descriptive analysis of Sao Paulo city, Brazil","authors":"I. P. Teixeira, Joao João Paulo dos Anjos Souza Barbosa, L. Barrozo, A. Hino, Priscila Missaki Nakamura, Douglas Roque Andrade, S. Mavoa, Gavin Turrell, Rodrigo Siqueira Reis, A. Florindo","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2127173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2127173","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN Las políticas y los planes de la ciudad juegan un papel importante en la promoción de la actividad física a través de cambios en el diseño urbano y los sistemas de transporte. Los objetivos de este estudio fue describir los cambios longitudinales y relevantes en el entorno construido para la actividad física en el tiempo libre y los viajes activos en la ciudad de Sao Paulo, Brasil, entre 2015 y 2020; describir estos cambios según las regiones de la ciudad, los ingresos de las secciones censales y las zonas de amortiguamiento alrededor de las residencias de los participantes en una cohorte. Para ello se utilizarán datos de bibliotecas públicas en línea, cotejados con las secretarías municipales y estatales específicas, se midieron plazas públicas, parques, instalaciones deportivas, clubes comunitarios, gimnasios al aire libre, ciclovías, estaciones de tren o metro, terminales de autobuses y unidades de salud. Para cuantificar estos atributos alrededor de las residencias, se adoptaron cuatro zonas de amortiguamiento diferentes: zonas de amortiguamiento radiales de 500 m y 1000 m y zonas de amortiguamiento de red de 500 m y 1000 m. Se observó un aumento en gimnasios al aire libre (+109,6%), ciclovías (+67,7%), estaciones de tren o metro, terminales de ómnibus (+15,4%), instalaciones deportivas (+12,0%) y plazas públicas (+8,7%). Sin embargo, los cambios difirieron según la región, los ingresos del distrito censal y el área residencial. Los resultados pueden servir para fomentar una discusión sobre los efectos de las políticas locales que se están ejecutando. Además, este estudio destaca desigualdades importantes en las ciudades a través de los diferentes niveles evaluados.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"22 1","pages":"137 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85260127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}