Cities & health最新文献

{"title":"Implementing Health Impact Assessment policy on infrastructure development in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets","authors":"M. Quin, L. Carmichael, Caroline Hopper","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2148843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2148843","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This case study articulates findings from a policy analysis that explored key challenges to the development and adoption of a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) Policy within the infrastructure development setting in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Tower Hamlets sought to test whether the mechanisms provided by the planning system were achievable and measurable or whether policy changes were needed to make the implementation of HIA Policy more effective. In 2020, the HIA Policy was adopted in the Tower Hamlets Local Plan to systematically assess the health impact of new infrastructure development. This case study details how in 2018, a policy analysis was undertaken, building on an international literature review, considering evidence from health and development databases and relevant academic texts. Primary research was undertaken, incorporating a knowledge attitude and practice survey underpinned by grounded theory. Despite HIAs being widely encouraged within infrastructure development, there was limited published peer-reviewed literature demonstrating their effectiveness in this setting; however, insights emerged around capacity building, the development process, and community participation. The findings of the analysis initiated a capacity building programme, known as the ‘HIA Implementation Programme’, with recommendations proposed and subsequently accepted by decision makers across Public Health and Planning teams.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"79 1","pages":"303 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88146718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active urbanism: heart rate and oxygen consumption comparison when walking on imitation steppingstones versus a plain surface","authors":"A. Boldina, Henry C. Chung, A. Santos, K. Steemers","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2146567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2146567","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of the study is to measure the effectiveness of steppingstones as an element of landscape design, to make walking a more effective exercise. Increased oxygen consumption and heart rate are important markers to estimate intensity of physical activity. To bridge the gap between physiological theory and the application in urban design, a combined experiment including 26 participants walked on a plain treadmill and then steppingstone imitations at the same speed. Physiological data were collected and compared using a heart rate monitor and a breath-by-breath metabolic system and supplemented with a questionnaire about body reactions and likelihood to perform a similar exercise in a life situation. The average increase in heart rate due to steppingstones was 17.22%. Results further showed that the exercise was more effective for the 30–60-year-old age group. Questionnaire data found that 69% of participants picked ‘maybe’ or ‘definitely’ for using similar steppingstones on their way to work and 100% walking in a park. In conclusion, we estimate that steppingstones can significantly increase people’s metabolic and physiological parameters, and can help the wider population to achieve the recommended government and health guidelines of ‘moderate exercise’ of 150 min/week, improving population health. This new evidence can help designers to implement Active Urbanism strategies.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"46 1","pages":"398 - 415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91282044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communal spaces in apartment complexes in Melbourne, Australia: designs to foster social connectedness","authors":"C. Ewen, E. Warner, F. Andrews","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2141376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2141376","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Apartment living is on the rise in major cities across the world, thus it is increasingly important to consider building designs that support resident wellbeing. In this study, we used a mixed methods approach to explore how apartment communal spaces can foster social connectedness and, subsequently, promote social wellbeing. The study consisted of an audit of communal spaces in apartment buildings and a qualitative case study analysis of one complex in the City of Melbourne. Unique findings revealed how the interplay between the physical design of spaces, resident and Owner’s Corporation factors, along with the overarching policy environment. Played a role in creating apartment communal spaces which fostered residents’ social wellbeing. However, these spaces were often lacking in the overall audit of Melbourne buildings. Given the health benefits, future design guidelines should recommend communal space design that can better promote social connectedness.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"66 1","pages":"363 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84814692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transit justice: community perceptions and anticipations of a new light rail transit line in Prince George’s County, Maryland, United States","authors":"Shuling Wu, Jennifer D. Roberts","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2133573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2133573","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Transit-oriented developments are increasingly important as they address many modern urban environment problems such as urban sprawl, pollution, and rising rates of non-communicable diseases. However, their implementation is difficult as cities are complex systems. Urban health improvements is a labyrinthian process as enhancements in one area often leads to several unintended side effects, such as transit-induced gentrification or injustice. The Purple Line Impact on Neighborhood, Health and Transit (PLIGHT) study examines the community impact of a forthcoming light rail train line in Prince George’s County, Maryland, a predominantly Black and Hispanic community. Results show that despite mindful planning the Purple light rail train is subject to ‘Transit Orientated Development’ idealism, which can propagate transit injustices. This qualitative study highlights the disconnect between this idealism and practice. It explicitly identifies the most vulnerable of transit users and highlights how neoliberal urbanism contributes to health inequities in Transit Orientated Development practice.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"105 1","pages":"1012 - 1028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80672159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism spectrum condition and the built environment","authors":"Keith McAllister, Aine McBeth, Neil Galway","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2139210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2139210","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A growing body of research proves that city green spaces provide positive physical and mental health benefits. However, access is not universal. For many people with Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC), our cities can be difficult to navigate, due to the cognitive and social challenges inherent within the Built Environment. Problematically, cities are planned and designed by and for neurotypical people who commonly neglect the needs of those with disabilities. This paper aims to identify the impacts of the Built Environment on the walkability of a city for those with Autism Spectrum Condition. Using film, photography and recordings, two alternative journeys from a transport hub to a public park are analysed. A focus group consisting of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Condition aid the investigation by analysing the material gathered before suggesting potential solutions to the identified challenges. Suggestions included transition zones and provision of dedicated quiet places in the city, compartmentalisation of large spaces, utilising technology before journeys alongside improving safety and signage. Reflecting on the findings, this paper provides a number of urban design principles for the Built Environment, which consider those with Autism Spectrum Condition, that will make our shared Built Environment more inclusive for all.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"31 1","pages":"1164 - 1178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81698916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of the built environment to inequity in loneliness by neighbourhood disadvantage in Australia","authors":"Tara Jamalishahni, G. Turrell, K. Villanueva, Sarah Foster, M. Davern","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2145733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2145733","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Disadvantaged areas have higher loneliness levels than advantaged areas, though studies rarely identify objective built environment determinants of loneliness by neighbourhood disadvantage. We studied the contribution of objective walkability components (residential density, street connectivity, and land use mix) and overall walkability in the relationship between neighbourhood disadvantage and loneliness using cross-sectional data from 3778 individuals aged 48-77 years old living in 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia. Residential density only partly contributed to the observed inequity in loneliness across neighbourhood disadvantages, among all walkability components. Moreover, the overall walkability could not explain inequity in loneliness across neighbourhood disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"33 1","pages":"1067 - 1080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88006165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research for city practice","authors":"Hannah Arnett, M. Grant","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2156709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2156709","url":null,"abstract":"SUPPORTING CITY KNOW-HOW Human and planetary health are influenced by city lifestyles, city leadership, and city development. For both, worrying trends have led to increasing concern – and it is imperative that these become core foci for urban policy. This will require concerted action and the journal Cities & Health is dedicated to supporting the flow of knowledge, in all directions, to help make this happen. We wish to foster communication between researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, communities, and decision-makers in cities. This is the purpose of the City Know-how section of the journal. We, and our knowledge partners (the International Society for Urban Health and Salus.Global), invite you to join these conversations with the authors and communities directly, and also to consider publishing in Cities & Health to influence urban policy.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"3 1","pages":"1025 - 1033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86907618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Let’s not forget the role of environmental psychology in our quest for healthier cities","authors":"Lindsay J. McCunn, Hannah Arnett","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2143254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2143254","url":null,"abstract":"Every day, around the world, city dwellers experience the enticements, innovations, and complexities native to the urban form. Cities naturally afford a sense of vibrancy, social connection, cultural immersion, and community. They also serve as places for augmenting relationships and affiliations, accessing resources and technology, as well as economic gain. But, for many, cities are also rife with hardship and uncertainty, social injustice, and unsustainable systems – systems that benefit some while entrenching inequity for others. Arguably, governments, organizations, and individuals alike have needed to prioritize transdisciplinary knowledge about people-place relations for decades as they work to predict and improve resilience and public health. Urgent human and planetary health demands in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, and in the midst of climate change, exist. This means that developing strategies for urban planners and practitioners to use as they facilitate change quickly is prudent. In response, our primary aim for this special issue of Cities & Health titled ‘Planning for People and Health: Environmental Psychology in the City’ is to communicate interdisciplinary research and commentary at the intersection of urban planning, social science, and public health. Creating (and then maintaining) opportunities for city inhabitants to foster their quality of life and wellbeing, while learning from different cultures and contexts, requires researchers, planners, and decisionmakers to have a clearer understanding of human psychological processes in relation to the built and natural settings that surround them. As a professional environmental psychologist, and a research practitioner specializing in place-based community wellbeing and health innovation, co-guest editing this special issue fulfilled our joint aspiration to bring together academic and field work that references theories found in environmental psychology – a discipline centred on studying transactions between people and place (Gifford 2014). Our overarching objective was to publish existing (and stimulate new) investigations about urban psychology, health, and sustainable behaviours from around the globe. The special issue succeeds in showcasing empirical, conceptual, and methodological contributions written for a broad audience. And, as with all issues of Cities & Health, many papers are accompanied by a ‘City Know How’ submission that allows authors to summarize the applied aspects of their work in a format that practitioners, planners, and academics can use quickly and easily, ‘on the ground’. The various types of papers, book reviews, and city shorts reveal an evolving evidence base that can be used to address a variety of challenges related to urban life. Generally, the contributions in this special issue employ mixed-methods research approaches to study how the quality of urban infrastructure can affect human wellbeing (e.g. studying apartment building defects in relation ","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"1 1","pages":"1021 - 1023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75392053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steps to urban well-being, Copenhagen, Denmark","authors":"Hannah Arnett","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2157998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2157998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"6 1","pages":"1024 - 1024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77000137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between household density and mood during COVID-19 lockdowns: evidence from Ecuador","authors":"J. Díaz-Sánchez, Cintya Lanchimba, Franklin Velasco, Mariel Paz y Miño","doi":"10.1080/23748834.2022.2135187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2135187","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN En este artículo, reportamos una investigación de la asociación entre densidad/hacinamiento en el hogar y estado de ánimo durante el confinamiento ocacionado por el COVID-19. Para tal efecto, usamos una muestra del Ecuador (n = 2489) que fue recolectada durante las medidas extremas del confinamiento decretadas por el gobernó ecuatoriano. Nuestros resultados indican que existe una relación negativa entre densidad en el hogar y el estado de ánimo de los residentes. Este resultado sugiere que vivir en un hogar con mayor número de personas por habitación resulta en peores estados de ánimo auto-reportados, hallazgo que está en línea con típicos sentimientos negativos de ansiedad y frustración derivados de restricciones sobre el comportamiento. Así mismo, un análisis post-hoc de nuestros resultados revela importantes perspectivas para cada grupo de edad. Este análisis muestra una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre generaciones. Específicamente, la relación negativa entre densidad y el estado de ánimo auto-reportado durante la cuarentena es estadísticamente significativo para aquellos nacidos en 1969-1980 y 1994-2010, las así llamadas generaciones X y Z, respectivamente. Sin embargo, la relación no es estadísticamente significativa para aquellos nacidos entre 1949-1968 y 1981-1993, grupos conocidos como baby boomers y generación Y, respectivamente.","PeriodicalId":72596,"journal":{"name":"Cities & health","volume":"51 1","pages":"102 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85336813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}