Chinmayi R. Gudi , Michael J. Wannemuehler , Thomas J. Mansell
{"title":"Gut-brain-immune interactions: exploring probiotics as a drug delivery platform for neurological disease","authors":"Chinmayi R. Gudi , Michael J. Wannemuehler , Thomas J. Mansell","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gut-brain-immune (GBI) axis, connecting gut microbes, neural tissue, and the cells of the immune system, plays a critical role in human health, particularly in relation to neurological diseases. Research in this field over the last few decades shows that disruptions in the microbiome have been linked to chronic inflammation, which may contribute to neurological conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and other mental health disorders. As we gain a greater understanding of the links between these systems, novel therapeutic strategies are being explored to treat disease by modulation of the GBI axis. One of the most promising approaches is the use of live biotherapeutics, such as engineered probiotics, as next-generation drug delivery systems. These live microorganisms can be designed to deliver specific therapeutic compounds to the gut and brain in order to modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation at the source. Probiotics and live biotherapeutics can offer a targeted approach to treating neurological diseases by influencing both the microbiome and immune system. In this review, we outline the research and mechanisms that have been implicated in GBI interactions and highlight the potential of these innovative therapies in treating neurological disorders, emphasizing their role in improving precision medicine through targeted, microbiome-based interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115650"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144594608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahdi Saeidirad , Nooshin Naderi , Saminalsadat Sehat , Fateme Sadat Qazi , Iman Zare , Mahsa Imani , Heemin Kang , Mojdeh Mirshafiei , Morvarid Koohkhezri , Zahra Sadat , Amir Kashtiaray , Mohammad Mahdavi , Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan , Ali Maleki , Jianliang Shen
{"title":"Gelatin-integrated carbon nanomaterials in nanomedicine: From biosensing and bioprinting to tissue engineering and other biomedical applications","authors":"Mahdi Saeidirad , Nooshin Naderi , Saminalsadat Sehat , Fateme Sadat Qazi , Iman Zare , Mahsa Imani , Heemin Kang , Mojdeh Mirshafiei , Morvarid Koohkhezri , Zahra Sadat , Amir Kashtiaray , Mohammad Mahdavi , Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan , Ali Maleki , Jianliang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) in combination with hydrogels (gelatin (Gel)) have shown significant potential in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This study highlights their significant potential and explores their transformative role in biomedicine. By integrating Gel with CNMs, unique synergistic properties combine mechanical, biocompatibility, and biodegradability properties with the exceptional characteristics of nanomaterials, including high surface area, mechanical strength, and functionalization capabilities. These advanced nanocomposites exhibit remarkable potential across diverse biomedical applications such as cancer therapy, bioprinting applications, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, wound healing, antimicrobial activity, and bio-packaging. Overall, Gel-integrated CNMs represent a new class of materials with significant promise in advancing biosensing technologies and biomedical performance. Their unique combination of properties opens up new opportunities for the development of next-generation healthcare technologies, improved diagnostics, therapies, and medical devices with enhanced performance and functionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115649"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taymin du Toit-Thompson , Lionel Leck , Josef Gillson , Nick Pavlakis , Anthony J. Gill , Jaswinder S. Samra , Anubhav Mittal , Sumit Sahni
{"title":"Overcoming therapy resistance in pancreatic cancer: challenges and emerging strategies","authors":"Taymin du Toit-Thompson , Lionel Leck , Josef Gillson , Nick Pavlakis , Anthony J. Gill , Jaswinder S. Samra , Anubhav Mittal , Sumit Sahni","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest types of cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of ∼12.5 %. It is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030. Despite recent advances in treatment options by the advent of various targeted and immunotherapies, their benefits have not been actualized for PC patients and chemotherapy remains the mainstay systemic therapeutic option for these patients. However, the majority of PC tumors have a highly chemo-resistant phenotype, leading to therapeutic failure. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the established mechanisms related to chemoresistance in PC and provides insight into emerging theories, including the potential role of the microbiome in modulating therapeutic responsiveness. It further discusses potential opportunities to explore to overcome this critical clinical problem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115647"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144594598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ka-Ying Wong , Man-Sau Wong , Jung Heon Lee , Juewen Liu
{"title":"From cell-SELEX to tissue-SELEX for targeted drug delivery and aptamer nanomedicine","authors":"Ka-Ying Wong , Man-Sau Wong , Jung Heon Lee , Juewen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aptamers are nucleic acid-based ligands that can selectively bind to target molecules. Because of their unique target-binding properties, the use of aptamers for targeting cell surface molecules has attracted broad research interest. The field has evolved from selecting aptamers against purified surface proteins to using whole cells (cell-SELEX) as targets. To further advance the field, the concept of tissue-SELEX was later proposed to ensure that selected aptamers possess optimal binding properties in more native <em>in vivo</em> environments. In this article, we review recent progress made for tissue-SELEX, covering methods including tissue slide-based SELEX, morph-X-SELEX, <em>ex vivo</em>-SELEX, and microfluidic tissue-SELEX. The target tissues include cornea, breast, ovary, lung, cardiac and thyroid tissues. For the diseases targeted, cancer is the most extensively studied followed by cardiomyopathies and vascular conditions. The advantages of each method are discussed and potential limitations are also critically reviewed. Applications of tissue- or <em>in vivo</em>-SELEX-derived aptamers in drug delivery include local administration for ocular diseases and systemic administration for lung cancer. Finally, future directions are discussed, emphasizing the need for systematic comparative studies to evaluate cell-SELEX and tissue-SELEX derived aptamers, using antibodies as benchmarks to guide the development of clinically relevant therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115646"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Shahrudin Ibrahim , Abdul Rahim Ferhan , Chenchen Zhou , Jian Li , Yu-Chien Lin , Jingyu Deng , Ze Zhao , Nam-Joon Cho
{"title":"Allergen to asset: Pollen-based drug delivery systems","authors":"Mohammed Shahrudin Ibrahim , Abdul Rahim Ferhan , Chenchen Zhou , Jian Li , Yu-Chien Lin , Jingyu Deng , Ze Zhao , Nam-Joon Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising demand for therapeutics, driven by aging populations and chronic diseases, challenges the pharmaceutical manufacturing of sustainable drug delivery systems. While development of microcarriers from natural sources such as plant or animal-sourced polymers and lipids show promise, the resource-intensive and complex processes involved limits their translatability and access. In this review, we discuss briefly the existing microcarriers fabricated from natural polymers and transition to recent efforts that have been devoted to exemplify pollen, traditionally regarded as an allergen, exhibits qualities that fit the criteria of a desirable microcarrier, and can be exploited to be valuable drug delivery assets with potential of encapsulating a wide spectrum of cargo and targeted conveyance. We scope through the various derivatives of pollen-derived microcarriers, especially highlighting the recent development of the soft pollen microgel variants, which was designed in alignment with the concept of Cross Economy of transforming abundant, low-value materials to create high-value products through easily portable, innovative and effective processing methods. We further discuss the future outlook of the pollen microgel and suggest aspects of pollen research that needs to be pursued to realize its translation to be a sustainable asset to drug delivery applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115643"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyra A. Schindler , Silvia Torices , Nicolette Schurhoff , Daniela Iglesias Gallo , Michal Toborek
{"title":"The intersection of circadian rhythms and the blood-brain barrier with drug efficacy and delivery in neurological disorders","authors":"Kyra A. Schindler , Silvia Torices , Nicolette Schurhoff , Daniela Iglesias Gallo , Michal Toborek","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Circadian rhythms typically maintain a 24-hour cycle which determines the regulation of many genes and proteins including, but not limited to, those which control the permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB). The BBB acts as a boundary between circulating blood and the brain, protecting the brain from toxicants, maintaining homeostasis, and regulating perfusion. Importantly, the BBB regulates the efficacy of drug delivery into the central nervous system (CNS). Emerging evidence demonstrates a bi-directional relationship between circadian rhythm dysfunction, neurological disorders, and/or BBB disruption. This means that impaired BBB functions and circadian rhythm dysregulation can be both the driver of neurological disease and the result. As such, both represent an opportunity for therapeutic intervention which can prevent disease development, manage symptoms, or mediate disease progression. This review seeks to describe the changes in both the BBB and circadian rhythms in a series of neurological (stroke, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury), neurodegenerative (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease), and psychiatric disorders (major depressive disorder, schizophrenia). We also describe therapeutic approaches for protecting against both BBB and circadian rhythm dysfunction, methods of surpassing the BBB, and bolstering drug efficacy with chronotherapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115645"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johann Gout , Menar Ekizce , Elodie Roger , Alexander Kleger
{"title":"Pancreatic organoids as cancer avatars for true personalized medicine","authors":"Johann Gout , Menar Ekizce , Elodie Roger , Alexander Kleger","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal solid malignancy, rapidly progressing and highly therapeutic resistant, as reflected by its very low five-year overall survival. Despite significant advancements in our understanding of its pathobiology and the molecular mechanisms driving its tumorigenesis, therapeutic options remain limited and yield only modest clinical responses. PDAC is characterized by a high genetic inter and intratumoral heterogeneity that shapes its mutational landscape and affects its response to therapies. Facing the limitations of existing preclinical models, the development of personalized medicine in PDAC has been hampered. Translational pancreatic cancer research has been accelerated by the emergence of patient-derived organoids (PDOs), <em>in vitro</em> models faithfully preserving genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenetic features and heterogeneity of the parental tumors. This review presents how PDO models can revolutionize precision oncology in pancreatic cancer by prognosticating tumor response and thereby, assist clinical decision-making. Their potential as a preclinical platform for biomarker and drug discovery, as well as future directions for enhancing the therapy response predictive power of organoid-based systems are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115642"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carbon dots in drug delivery and therapeutic applications","authors":"Hemant Singh , Mahmood Razzaghi , Hamed Ghorbanpoor , Aliakbar Ebrahimi , Huseyin Avci , Mohsen Akbari , Shabir Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dots (CDs) are recently introduced carbon nanomaterials showing diverse properties. They show unique fluorescent behavior, low production cost, ecofriendliness, electron mobility, potent antioxidant and antibacterial capabilities, good biocompatibility, and abundant functional groups providing opportunities in functionalization for desired properties such as targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics. In this review, we provide a general overview of their synthesis processes, including top-down and bottom-up approaches and their associated benefits and drawbacks. Together with their pros and cons, we also explore the structural and optical properties, photoluminescence mechanisms, free radicals scavenging behavior, toxicity and biological behavior, surface chemistry, and functionalization for drug delivery and therapeutic effects. Furthermore, significant advances in the applicability of CDs such as bioimaging, cellular labelings, cell tracking, biosensing, bioanalytical assays, and therapeutic behavior, like antibacterial properties, tissue engineering, drug delivery system, gene delivery, cancer therapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and combinatorial (theranostic) applications are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115644"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harnessing epigenetic inhibitors: A promising approach for overcoming challenges in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treatment","authors":"Immacolata Maietta , África González-Fernández , Rosana Simón-Vázquez","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive and often fatal form of malignancy frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, posing significant challenges for treatment. The complex and intricate microenvironment of PDAC, characterized by heterogenous tumoral cells harbouring diverse mutations and epigenetic alterations, immune cells (primarily in an immunosuppressive state), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), low vascularization and extracellular matrix components supporting tumor growth, creates a physical barrier that impedes drug delivery and anti-tumoral immune cell responses, leading to therapy resistance. Despite advancements in early detection methods, and available treatments for PDAC—including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, all have shown limited efficacy. Recently, liposomal drugs in combination therapy, PDAC-targeted CAR-T cells and anti-tumor RNA vaccines have emerged as promising therapeutic approaches. However, significant challenges remain, including the presence of a dense stroma, resistance to chemotherapy, and robust immune suppression, all of which pose substantial barriers to effective treatments.</div><div>In this context, epigenetic therapy aims to modify gene expression patterns in PDAC cells, potentially curtailing their resistance. This review provides an overview of the current landscape of PDAC research and the role of epigenetic inhibitors in the treatment of this lethal disease, emphasizing the potential of combining these novel drugs with conventional chemotherapy or immunotherapy, new drug delivery approaches and future directions in the field. A multi-approach therapy, switch to simultaneously targeting various facets of the PDAC characteristics, could enhance the anti-tumoral efficacy by overcoming its resistance mechanisms, improving patient prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115638"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giulia Porro , Marco Basile , Zhengdong Xie , Gian Marco Tuveri , Giuseppe Battaglia , Cátia D.F. Lopes
{"title":"A new era in brain drug delivery: Integrating multivalency and computational optimisation for blood–brain barrier permeation","authors":"Giulia Porro , Marco Basile , Zhengdong Xie , Gian Marco Tuveri , Giuseppe Battaglia , Cátia D.F. Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant obstacle in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the structural and molecular mechanisms underlying BBB integrity and its functional properties. We detail the role of key cellular and molecular components that regulate selective molecular transport across the barrier, alongside a description of the current therapeutic approaches for brain drug delivery, including those leveraging receptor-mediated transcytosis. Emphasis is placed on multivalency-based strategies that enhance the specificity of nanoparticle targeting and improve transport efficacy across the BBB. Additionally, we discuss the added value of integrating mathematical and computational models with experimental validation for accelerating BBB-targeted delivery systems optimisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7254,"journal":{"name":"Advanced drug delivery reviews","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115637"},"PeriodicalIF":15.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}