Acta tropica最新文献

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of two sampling methods for Lutzomyia longipalpis in urban areas and identification of visceral leishmaniasis risk zones in Castilho, São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"Vera Lucia Fonseca de Camargo-Neves ,&nbsp;Fredy Galvis Ovallos ,&nbsp;Simone Luchetta Reginato ,&nbsp;Eliana Ferreira Monteiro ,&nbsp;Brenda Vilela Machado ,&nbsp;Lilian Aparecida Colebrusco Rodas ,&nbsp;Bruno da Silva Mathias ,&nbsp;Gabriel Freitas Ferrari Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Ricardo Andrade Zampieri ,&nbsp;Karin Kirchgatter","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health problem in Brazil, particularly in urban areas where the sand fly <em>Lutzomyia longipalpis</em> is the main vector of the disease. Behavioral studies of this species in urban areas are important for directing control measures. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the vector in response to two collection methods for <em>Lu. longipalpis</em>, and a simplified risk assessment tool was also evaluated in order to identify properties at high risk of the presence of the vector, based on the ecology of this sand fly species in urban areas. The study was conducted in Castilho, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Residences in the urban area of ​​the municipality were assessed for their peridomicile conditions. Captures were performed on properties that presented high scores, using manual collection with electric aspirators, and CDC light traps were exposed in places where the vector could breed. Parameters such as sand fly density, engorgement rate, and natural infection were evaluated. Sand flies were identified by taxonomic keys and molecular techniques (nested PCR, RFLP and sequencing) were used to detect and identify <em>Leishmania</em> species, as well as blood meal sources. Of the 535 households with high scores, captures were successful in 83.7 %. The highest number of female <em>Lu. longipalpis</em> was collected using CDC light traps, but manual captures yielded a higher proportion of engorged females. However, <em>Lu. longipalpis</em> collected in the CDC light trap showed higher positivity for <em>Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum</em> (1.9 %). The results highlight the importance of targeted entomological surveillance in urban areas endemic for VL. The risk assessment tool and the comparison of collection methods provide valuable information to optimize resource allocation and increase the effectiveness of VL control programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 107785"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of malaria vulnerable zones in North East Region of India: Spatiotemporal assessment through geographical information system and self-organizing maps","authors":"Rajasekhar Mopuri ,&nbsp;Madhusudhan Rao Kadiri ,&nbsp;Kantha Rao Bhimala ,&nbsp;Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malaria continues to pose a significant public health challenge in India, particularly in the North East Region (NER), which presents a multifaceted epidemiological landscape. Malaria control and prevention programs demonstrate greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness when they target hotspot regions. This study is aimed to explore spatiotemporal clusters of malaria incidence at the district level across NER of India. Reported malaria case data from 2011 to 2019 and advanced geospatial analytical techniques were used for the analysis. The Local Moran's <em>I</em> statistic was employed to conduct cluster and outlier analysis of malaria. The presence of local clustering was examined using Getis-Ord Gi* statistics to determine the intensity of hotspots and coldspots at the district level. Further, Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), an artificial neural network was employed to identify the malaria disease clusters and the recorded clusters were exported to the Geographic Information System (GIS) environment to generate the malaria hotspot cluster map. The overall malaria incidence decreased consistently from 2011 to 2019. The results revealed the presence of significant and persistent malaria hotspots, predominantly concentrated in the Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Tripura states. These findings underscore the critical need for targeted malaria control interventions in these areas. By pinpointing the hotspot regions, this study provides a valuable framework for public health officials to deploy resources more effectively, aiming to mitigate the malaria burden and move towards elimination goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 107783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of SMS-delivered education on routine childhood immunisation coverage and timeliness in Borno state, Nigeria","authors":"Hamina Dathini ,&nbsp;Siti Khuzaimah Ahmad Sharoni ,&nbsp;Kever Teryela Robert ,&nbsp;Lola Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite Government efforts, immunisation in Nigeria is still below the 90 % global benchmark target. This study was designed to determine the effect of SMS-delivered health education and the influence of gender on infants' immunisation coverage and timeliness in Borno State, Nigeria. The study was a two-arm quasi-experimental design involving 524 respondents. The intervention involved sending health education messages to parents of infants one week before the immunisation due date. Data were collected for each visit and analysed using repeated-measure logistic regression and Poisson Z test for rate. Result of the study showed that SMS-delivered health education significantly improved immunisation coverage (p value of 0.009 at 95 % CI [3.4 – 23.3]) and (p value =0.001, 95 % CI [14.2 – 30.9]) for the 10th and 14th-week but not significant for the 6th-week schedule (p value = 0.684; 95 % CI [-10.2 – 15.5]). Compared to the mother, involving fathers did not result in a significant outcome (p value = 0.132, 95 % C.I. [-0.065 - 0.499]). With regards timeliness, results show significant outcome (p value = 0.002, 95 % CI [4.7 – 22.0]), (p value = 0.001, 95 % CI [7.4 – 23.1]) and (p value = 0.001, 95 % CI [6.4 – 18.8]) for the 6th, 10th, and 14th-week schedule respectively. Lastly, compared to the mothers, involving fathers led to a significant result (p value = 0.014, 95 % CI [0.081 - 0.729]). Mobile health improved immunisation in Nigeria. Involving the fathers also demonstrated a positive effect on the timely immunisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 107786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat suitability and distribution dynamics of Rhipicephalus microplus under climate change in Yunnan Province, China","authors":"Jinhong Ye ,&nbsp;Fei Tang ,&nbsp;Zhen Chen ,&nbsp;Pengyue Dai ,&nbsp;Kaifei Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rhipicephalus microplus</em> is a significant vector of tick-borne diseases and poses serious threats to livestock health and agricultural productivity. In recent years, climate change and intensified human activities have significantly increased the risk of disease transmission. This study used the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software to evaluate the impact of climate change on the habitat suitability of <em>R. microplus</em> in Yunnan Province, China. Occurrence records of the tick species and key environmental variables (such as climate factors, topography, and livestock density) were integrated to model its potential distribution under current and future climate scenarios. The results indicate that the primary environmental variables influencing the distribution of <em>R. microplus</em> are mean diurnal temperature range, slope, annual temperature range, annual precipitation, precipitation of the driest quarter, and cattle density. Under current climatic conditions, suitable habitats account for 80.33% of the total area of Yunnan Province. Under future climate scenarios, the overall extent of suitable habitats is projected to expand, although regional variations may occur across different periods. The distribution centroid is expected to shift southeastward, highlighting the need for enhanced tick surveillance and control in high-suitability areas in western Yunnan and newly suitable regions such as Honghe, Wenshan, and Chuxiong. These findings provide a scientific basis for developing spatially targeted strategies for preventing and controlling tick-borne diseases in Yunnan Province.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 107784"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Benzimidazole resistance in equid intestinal strongyles from Kashmir valley, India","authors":"Shahana Riyaz Tramboo,&nbsp;Rafiq Ahmad Shahardar,&nbsp;Idrees Mehraj Allaie,&nbsp;Kamal Hashan Bulbul","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzimidazole (BZ) anthelmintics have been used indiscriminately in equids to control nematode infections throughout the world including India and has led to the development of BZ resistance. In order to determine the current status of BZ resistance in equids of Kashmir against intestinal strongyles (IS), the present study was conducted using faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and Allele specific PCR (AS-PCR). The study was conducted on ponies from three major tourist destinations of Kashmir <em>viz;</em> Gulmarg, Pahalgam and Sonamarg in accordance with the WAAVP guidelines. The animals which were selected for FECRT at each location received treatment with albendazole at 5 mg/kg b.wt. FECRT revealed BZ resistance in IS at 2 locations <em>viz</em>; Gulmarg [95.71% FECR; 92.4 &amp; 98.2% CI (90% lower &amp; upper confidence intervals, respectively)] and Pahalgam (64.49% FECR; 18.8 &amp; 92.7% CI), whereas it was inconclusive at Sonamarg area (91.29% FECR; 76.9 &amp; 99.1% CI). AS-PCR was conducted on genomic DNA isolated from cyathostome larvae harvested from pooled faecal samples of pre-treatment cultures each at Gulmarg, Pahalgam and Sonamarg. A total of 211 larvae of cyathostomes were genotyped, out of which 4.74%, 74.88% and 20.38% were homozygous resistant (rr), homozygous susceptible (SS) and heterozygous (rS), respectively. Homozygous resistant larvae (rr) were found only at Pahalgam (16.39%). Overall frequency of resistant allele (r) was less (0.15) than suceptible allele (S) (0.85). It is concluded that there is evidence of development of BZ resistance by IS of equids in Kashmir and as such it is recommended that appropriate scientific measures must be taken to mitigate it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 107782"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of lumpy skin disease (LSD) virus and distribution of blood-sucking insects as potential vector in Indonesia","authors":"Upik Kesumawati Hadi ,&nbsp;Susi Soviana ,&nbsp;Supriyono ,&nbsp;Muhammad Israfii Vernanda ,&nbsp;Tri Ramadhani ,&nbsp;Yudhi Ratna Nugraheni ,&nbsp;Raden Nurcahyo Nugroho ,&nbsp;Mazdani Ulfah Daulay ,&nbsp;Julia Rosmaya Riasari ,&nbsp;Umar Suryanaga ,&nbsp;Ika Suharti ,&nbsp;Bagus Nanang Luwito ,&nbsp;Lylya Syamsi ,&nbsp;Hajar Cahya Utami ,&nbsp;Siti Rakhma Afriana ,&nbsp;Surati","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), caused by a virus from the Poxviridae family, is a significant disease in cattle and buffalo. First reported in Indonesia in February 2022 in Riau Province, LSD has raised concerns about its transmission. This research aims to identify potential vectors for LSD transmission as a foundation for vector control in smallholder cattle farms. Blood-sucking insect samples were collected using sweep net and insect trap from both LSD free and LSD infected areas in Indonesia. Skin scrapings and mouth swabs were obtained from infected cattle. Insects were identified in the laboratory using species identification keys, and all samples were analyzed using PCR to detect the potential vector of blood-sucking insects and the presence of LSD virus. The results identified several potential vectors, including blood-sucking flies (<em>Stomoxys calcitrans, Tabanus rubidus</em>), mosquitoes (<em>Culex, Anopheles, Mansonia</em>), and biting midges (<em>Culicoides</em>, Psychodidae). In LSD free areas, <em>Culicoides</em> (66.8 %) and <em>Culex</em> (23.9 %) were dominant, while in LSD infected areas, <em>Stomoxys calcitrans</em> (44.65 %) and <em>Culex</em> (30.07 %) were more prevalent. <em>Culicoides</em> was most common in Sukabumi (31.87 %), while <em>Stomoxys calcitrans</em> was prevalent in Bogor (15.85 %). Molecular testing of skin scrapings showed 100 % positivity for the LSD virus, while mouth swabs were positive in 40 % of cases. No LSD virus was detected in blood-sucking insect samples. These findings highlight the critical role of vectors in LSD transmission and provide essential information for effective vector control strategies in cattle farming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 107781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The synergistic impact of ethanol consumption and Schistosoma mansoni infection on renal histopathology in mice","authors":"Juliana de Lima Ferreira ,&nbsp;Luciana Brandão-Bezerra ,&nbsp;Regina Maria Figueiredo de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Christiane Leal Corrêa ,&nbsp;José Roberto Machado-Silva ,&nbsp;Renata Heisler Neves","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of ethanol ingestion combined with acute <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> infection on renal architecture remains unclear. This study evaluated renal histopathology in mice exposed to both conditions. Male Swiss Webster mice were first infected with <em>S. mansoni</em> and subsequently subjected to a period of ethanol or water gavage. After this exposure period, animals were allocated into four experimental groups: C (control), UE (uninfected + ethanol), I (infected), and IE (infected + ethanol). The infected groups were subcutaneously inoculated with 80 cercariae of <em>S. mansoni</em> (BH strain). Starting on day 35 post-infection, animals in the ethanol groups received a daily dose of 18 % ethanol by gavage (200 μL) for 28 days. On day 64, the mice were euthanized, and their kidneys were... collected for histological analysis. Histopathological examination revealed that the UE group showed protein denaturation, narrowed tubular lumen, microvilli loss in proximal tubules, and leukocyte infiltration. The I group showed tubular necrosis and leukocyte infiltration in distal tubules. The IE group presented protein denaturation, leukocyte infiltration, mesangial cell proliferation, and glomerular retraction. Medullary edema and leukocyte infiltration were observed in groups UE, I, and IE. Morphometric analysis showed increased glomerular area in groups UE (+47 %), I (+71 %), and IE (+54 %) compared to C. The glomerular tuft area was larger in UE (+42 %), I (+82 %), and IE (+72 %). Bowman's space increased in UE (+58 %), I (+51 %), and IE (+68 %). Glomerular tuft diameter rose in UE (+21 %), I (+39 %), and IE (+42 %), with IE showing a 17 % increase compared to UE. Collagen deposition in renal parenchyma increased markedly in UE (+381 %) and IE (+389 %) versus C. The volume density of proximal tubules decreased 22 % in I and IE. The distal tubule density dropped in UE (-62 %), I (-58 %), and IE (-79 %). Leukocyte infiltration increased in UE (+14 %), I (+13 %), and IE (+16 %). These findings demonstrate that ethanol exacerbates renal damage in schistosomiasis, intensifying inflammation, and structural impairment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 107775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant TgDDX3X DEAD-box protein confers partial protection in murine models of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis","authors":"Shuai Wang ,&nbsp;Jinghui Wang ,&nbsp;Youke Fan ,&nbsp;Haina Zhang ,&nbsp;Junru Wu ,&nbsp;Tingting Ying ,&nbsp;Hangbin Ma ,&nbsp;Qiangqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Longkang Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Tian ,&nbsp;Xuefang Mei ,&nbsp;Zhenchao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenke Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toxoplasmosis, which is caused by the protozoan parasite <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>, represents a global health concern for both humans and animals. This study evaluates the immunogenic potential and protective efficacy of a recombinant <em>T. gondii</em> DDX3X protein (rTgDDX3X; gene accession: TGGT1_226250) as a vaccine candidate. A gene fragment encoding residues 25–232 of TgDDX3X was amplified and inserted into the pET30α vector for expression in <em>Escherichia coli</em> BL21 (DE3) cells. The purified recombinant protein (∼30.1 kDa) was validated using SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting, which revealed specific reactivity with sera from <em>T. gondii</em>-infected mice. Antiserum produced in rTgDDX3X-immunized rats selectively recognized native TgDDX3X in tachyzoite lysates, and immunofluorescence analysis localized the protein primarily to the parasite cytoplasm. Vaccination elicited robust T cell activation, with progressive increases in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ populations over 6 weeks. Elevated titers of anti-rTgDDX3X IgG antibodies were observed, predominantly of the IgG1 isotype (IgG1/IgG2a &gt;1), indicating a Th2-skewed immune response. In challenge models, mice immunized with rTgDDX3X exhibited prolonged survival following infection with the virulent RH strain (mean: 12 days vs. 10 days in controls) and a reduced brain cyst burden after PRU infection (410 vs. 616 cysts/brain). Neutralization assays demonstrated that polyclonal antibodies against rTgDDX3X suppressed <em>T. gondii</em> proliferation <em>In vitro</em> and enhanced survival <em>In vivo</em>. Collectively, these findings indicate that rTgDDX3X induces measurable immune responses and confers partial protection, supporting its potential as a foundational antigen for toxoplasmosis vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 107780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease burden and economic losses associated with Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs and humans in Nigeria","authors":"Paul Olalekan Odeniran ,&nbsp;Kehinde Foluke Paul-Odeniran ,&nbsp;Isaiah Oluwafemi Ademola","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Taenia solium</em> is a zoonotic parasite endemic in many low-income countries, including Nigeria, contributing to both human and animal health burdens. This study quantifies the disease burden and economic costs of <em>T. solium</em> cysticercosis in Nigeria through a meta-analysis and economic modelling approach. Data synthesis was performed using both fixed and random-effects meta-analysis, with reporting structured according to PRISMA guidelines. Additionally, economic models were applied to estimate financial losses, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Porcine cysticercosis prevalence was 6.0 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.9–14.1) from 10,933 slaughtered pigs, while human seroprevalence was 3.25 % (95 % CI: 2.5–4.2). In pigs, cystercerci were mostly found in shoulders, tongues, heart and masseter muscles. Economic losses from porcine cysticercosis were estimated at US$28.6 million, which is 3.14 % of the total pig industry. <em>T. solium</em> cysticercosis true positives in humans was estimated at 975,000 cases (0.39 %). An estimated 650,000 (0.26 %) individuals were estimated to be symptomatic to neurocysticercosis (NCC), of whom 455,000 (0.18 %) may present with CT scan-detectable lesions. Hospital costs for NCC management were projected at US$1.43 billion, with a total economic burden of US$1.89 billion. Deterministic cost per NCC-epilepsy case was US$2906, while probabilistic modelling yielded a more realistic mean estimate of US$1808 (95 % UI: 897–2906). The total disease burden in humans was 235,194.375 (95 % uncertainty interval [UI]: 155,827.0–350,815.8) DALYs, comprising 218,497.5 (95 % UI: 141,634.7–331,614.4) YLD (92.9 %) and 16,696.875 (95 % UI: 14,192.3–19,201.4) YLL (7.1 %). DALYs per 1000 population were 0.9408 (95 % UI: 0.6233–1.4033), with the 30–39 age group bearing the highest burden. <em>T. solium</em> cysticercosis remains a substantial but under recognised public health and economic threat in Nigeria, warranting urgent integrated control strategies across human and veterinary sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 107777"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haemolytic bacteria associated with life stages of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans: Isolation and characterisation","authors":"Nandan Jana ,&nbsp;Ankita Sarkar ,&nbsp;Nabanita Banerjee ,&nbsp;Shuvra Kanti Sinha ,&nbsp;Abhijit Mazumdar","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stable flies, <em>Stomoxys calcitrans</em> (Linnaeus, 1758), are widely recognised as significant blood-sucking insects that impact livestock and wildlife, leading to considerable economic challenges. Given their blood-feeding habits, our research focused on identifying the haemolytic gut bacteria in adults and exploring their life cycle stages. An investigation was carried out to isolate, characterise and identify culturable haemolytic bacteria associated with various life stages (eggs, larval instars, pupae and emerged adults), as well as with blood-engorged and non-engorged field-collected adult flies. The identification process employed a range of methods, including phenotypic traits, biochemical characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity tests of the isolated bacteria, along with Sanger sequencing of their 16S rRNA gene. Eleven bacterial strains were retrieved under the genera <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Lysinibacillus</em>, with <em>B. cereus</em> being particularly abundant, represented by five distinct strains: SFB3, SFB4, SCE3, SC2L3, SMN5. Noteworthy is the presence of six bacterial strains, including four strains of <em>B. cereus</em> (SFB3, SCE3, SC2L3, SMN5) and two strains of <em>L. macroides</em> (SCE1, SC1L4), which were identified across different life stages and in field-collected adults. Among the isolated strains, six exhibited beta haemolysis, while the remaining five showed gamma haemolysis. These findings represent a valuable contribution to the understanding of the culturable haemolytic bacteria associated with the immature and adult stages of <em>S. calcitrans</em>. Furthermore, the identified bacteria may play a role in the digestion of the blood meal. This discovery warrants further investigation into the potential utility of these bacteria to mitigate the effects of stable flies on livestock and wildlife.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 107770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}