Biological psychiatry global open science最新文献

{"title":"Acute 17β-Estradiol Administration Enhances Fear Extinction Memory and Alters Gut Microbiota in Female Rats","authors":"Cassandra E. Hartsgrove ,&nbsp;Genelle-Marie S. Walker ,&nbsp;Karina D. Silva ,&nbsp;Kailee Nunez ,&nbsp;Karina Alejos ,&nbsp;Makayla Joseph ,&nbsp;Justin R. Wright ,&nbsp;Brittney McMullen ,&nbsp;Regina Lamendella ,&nbsp;Lisa Y. Maeng","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous studies have shown that fear extinction memory and the gut microbiome are impacted by ovarian hormones. Elevated 17β-estradiol (E2) levels during fear extinction learning have been shown to enhance fear extinction recall 24 hours later. In this study, we concurrently examined the long-term maintenance of this facilitation and the role of the gut microbiome as a potential mediator.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Naturally cycling adult female Sprague Dawley rats underwent an auditory-cued fear conditioning/extinction paradigm, during which the estrous cycle was tracked and fecal samples were collected. Habituation and conditioning took place when the rats were in estrus on day 1. On day 2, rats were administered either a sesame oil vehicle (<em>n</em> = 24) or E2 (15 μg/kg) (<em>n</em> = 25) before extinction training. Recent recall took place 24 hours after extinction training, and remote recall took place 1 to 2 weeks after extinction training (vehicle <em>n</em> = 13, E2 <em>n</em> = 12).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>E2-treated rats showed significantly lower freezing behavior compared with vehicle-treated rats during recent recall, but not remote recall. Gut bacterial analysis using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing revealed unique enrichment of estrogen-regulating and anxiety-related bacterial families during remote recall.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The current data suggest that E2-enhanced fear extinction consolidation may be linked to alterations in gut microbiome composition. These findings may reveal a novel potential target for anxiety and other fear-based psychiatric disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multisite, Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of Functional Seizure Disorder in a Hospital Sample of 675,680 Patients","authors":"Slavina B. Goleva ,&nbsp;Costin Leu ,&nbsp;Yen-Chen Anne Feng ,&nbsp;David Burstein ,&nbsp;Sanan Venkatesh ,&nbsp;Rebecca Birnbaum ,&nbsp;Veera M. Rajagopal ,&nbsp;Peter Straub ,&nbsp;Jakob Christensen ,&nbsp;Jocelyn F. Bautista ,&nbsp;Robyn M. Busch ,&nbsp;Imad M. Najm ,&nbsp;Jakob Grove ,&nbsp;Anders D. Børglum ,&nbsp;Georgios Voloudakis ,&nbsp;Panos Roussos ,&nbsp;Jordan Smoller ,&nbsp;Dennis Lal ,&nbsp;Lea K. Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Functional seizures (FS) are paroxysmal episodes that phenotypically resemble epileptic seizures but are not associated with brain epileptiform discharges; they are also known as psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. The exact etiology and pathophysiology of FS is unknown; however, trauma and stress-related disorders are known risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used a validated algorithm applied to electronic health records to identify individuals with FS in 6 international biobanks and hospital sites. We conducted a multisite FS genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis, including 10,910 FS cases (9040 predicted European ancestry [EA] and 1870 predicted African ancestry [AA]) and 664,500 (561,150 EA and 103,350 AA) control participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The EA meta-analysis identified significant single nucleotide polymorphism–based heritability on the liability scale of 2.21% (SE = 0.015%, <em>p</em> = 10⁻³; assumed FS prevalence = 0.14%), but no genome-wide significant loci. Nominal associations emerged from the EA GWAS within 16q23.3 (<em>CDH13</em> intronic variant rs8056064, effect allele = A, <em>z</em> = −4.762, <em>p</em> = 1.92 × 10⁻⁶) and from the AA GWAS within 17q21.2 (rs34380994, effect allele = T, <em>z</em> = 5.28, <em>p</em> = 1.32 × 10⁻⁷). Significantly associated gene sets included magnesium ion transport, mitochondrial membrane complexes, and RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly (Bonferroni-corrected <em>p</em> values = .0095, .012, and .03, respectively). MAGMA gene property analysis for tissue specificity showed significant enrichment of FS-associated genes within cerebellum-expressed genes (beta = 0.019, SE = 0.0059, <em>p</em> = 7.1 × 10⁻³).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>To our knowledge, this is the first GWAS of FS, and our results support a genetic basis of FS. Future large-scale genetic research studies are needed to corroborate these findings and identify genetic variants associated with FS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145419192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent Risky Alcohol Use Is Associated With Electrophysiological Markers of Error Processing: Findings From a Large Cohort Study","authors":"Olga D. Boer ,&nbsp;Hanan El Marroun ,&nbsp;Doga Ultanir ,&nbsp;Ingmar H.A. Franken","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Altered electrophysiological error processing, measured via the error-related negativity (ERN), error-related positivity (Pe), and midfrontal theta power (FM-theta), has been associated with problematic alcohol use and alcohol dependence in clinical populations. However, large-scale studies focusing on adolescent use in the general population are scarce. Moreover, the extent to which potential confounding factors shape the relationship between brain activity and alcohol use remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the current study, we examined the relationship between adolescent alcohol use and electrophysiological markers of error processing (ERN, Pe, and FM-theta) in a large adolescent sample drawn from a population-based cohort (<em>N</em> = 1525, 806 female, mean age = 18.4). Alcohol use variables included initiation, age at initiation, recent alcohol use quantity, and recent binge drinking frequency. Confounders included sex, IQ, socioeconomic factors, and alcohol-related risk factors such as prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure or a parental history of substance use disorder.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Linear regression analyses showed that smaller absolute ERN amplitude (indicating reduced implicit error processing) was associated with risk factors for alcohol use disorder, including early alcohol use initiation and higher binge drinking frequency. Surprisingly, higher binge drinking frequency was also associated with larger Pe amplitude. These findings remained present after adjustment for confounding variables and were not moderated by sex.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings show an important link between prevalent alcohol use behaviors and altered electrophysiological markers of error processing, representing a promising step forward in using large-scale electroencephalography for brain-alcohol use research and its clinical implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100615"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145365069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Insights Into the Mechanistic Crossroads of Lamotrigine and Therapeutic Ketosis in Bipolar Depression","authors":"Dina N. Ali ,&nbsp;Iain H. Campbell ,&nbsp;Jonathan G. Leung ,&nbsp;Tamahara Gonzalez Campos ,&nbsp;Duan Liu ,&nbsp;Mete Ercis ,&nbsp;Matej Markota ,&nbsp;Deniz Ceylan ,&nbsp;Kyla Lara-Breitinger ,&nbsp;Francisco Lopez-Jimenez ,&nbsp;Adam S. Anderson ,&nbsp;Aysegul Ozerdem ,&nbsp;Stacey J. Winham ,&nbsp;Mark A. Frye","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are substantial care gaps in optimizing treatment response for bipolar depression given, at best, a modicum of benefit from antidepressant treatment and, in contrast, a substantial cardiometabolic burden associated with regulatory-approved antipsychotic treatment. Lamotrigine (LGT) is an anticonvulsant with an evidence base in both epilepsy and bipolar disorder (BD), in particular bipolar depression \"stabilizing from down under.\" There is a well-established bidirectional relationship between BD and epilepsy. Recognizing the complex interplay between mood, diet, and energy metabolism, lifestyle interventions have emerged as an adjunctive therapeutic approach in BD. Among these, therapeutic ketosis, with century-old evidence base in epilepsy, has regained new interest as a promising adjunctive treatment for mood and metabolic comorbidities. LGT and therapeutic ketosis both target neurobiological pathways that regulate energy metabolism and promote neuronal stability—key processes implicated in mood regulation and neuronal protection. This alignment suggests the possibility of synergistic effects in BD. In this review, we explore the overlapping mechanisms of LGT and therapeutic ketosis and provide clinical insights into their combined use in BD, offering a comprehensive perspective on this innovative treatment strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Interpersonal Neural Synchronization During Social Interaction After Shared Excluded Experiences in Adolescents With Depression","authors":"Yuwen He ,&nbsp;Jieting Chen ,&nbsp;Yong Lin ,&nbsp;Natalia Chan ,&nbsp;Fei Gao ,&nbsp;Lulu Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Yin ,&nbsp;Yao Sun ,&nbsp;Minghui Li ,&nbsp;Sifan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zihan Wei ,&nbsp;Liangxuan Yu ,&nbsp;Xinyi Huang ,&nbsp;Zhihai Su ,&nbsp;Zhen Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common in adolescents, and adolescents’ brains develop intensively but are still immature, making them more vulnerable during social interaction when exposed to public psychosocial stressors. Thus, it is essential to examine how a shared psychosocial stressor, i.e., shared excluded experiences, influences social interaction in adolescents with depression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We designed a 4-player Cyberball game involving 2 virtual players and 2 real players and recruited 34 dyads of healthy adolescents and 34 dyads of adolescents with depression. This allowed us to investigate the responses of adolescents with depression to shared excluded experiences and explore the underlying interpersonal neural synchronization (INS), which can indicate mutual empathy, with functional near-infrared spectroscopy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that shared excluded experiences enhanced adolescents’ social interaction but decreased INS between paired excluded adolescents. Such discrepancy suggested reduced mutual empathy between the excluded adolescents despite their increased interaction after shared exclusion. No significant between-group differences were observed in behavioral responses to shared excluded experiences. Subsequent analyses revealed that adolescents with MDD experienced more negative feelings compared with healthy control participants (HCs), and they demonstrated stronger INS than HCs after shared exclusion, which collectively indicate higher empathic stress in adolescents with depression. In addition, there were altered brain-behavioral association patterns in responses to shared excluded experiences in adolescents with depression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study gives us deeper insights into how a shared psychosocial stressor impacts INS in adolescents with depression, and it suggests that INS could be more sensitive than behavioral responses at detecting social interaction deficits in adolescents with depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial of the Effects of Escitalopram on Depressive Symptoms and Immune Function in People With HIV","authors":"Dwight L. Evans ,&nbsp;Sergei Spitsin ,&nbsp;Kevin G. Lynch ,&nbsp;Chelsea D. Voytek ,&nbsp;Menvekeh G. Daramay ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Hembree ,&nbsp;Danielle Fiore ,&nbsp;Robert Gross ,&nbsp;J. Cobb Scott ,&nbsp;Steven D. Douglas ,&nbsp;Michael E. Thase","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study was a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and improvement in depressive symptoms on innate immunity and inflammation in people with HIV (PWH).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The mean 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) score at baseline was 19.1 for the sample (<em>N</em> = 108). Eligible participants were randomized to 10 weeks of double-blind therapy with either SSRI (escitalopram) or placebo. All participants concurrently received computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT). Peripheral blood was obtained from each participant at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, and 10, and intracellular interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in natural killer (NK) cells, lytic units per 10⁷ NK cells (LUNKs), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants showed substantial reduction in depressive symptoms during study with final HAMD-17 score of 8.00 (average decrease of 11.0 units). However, there was no statistically significant effect of treatment, whether viewed as a group × time interaction (<em>F</em>_1,166 = 0.00, <em>p</em> = .976) or as a main effect for group (<em>F</em>_1,667 = 0.50, <em>p</em> = .479). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups on the immune parameters over time. There was little evidence that the magnitude of symptom improvement was associated with changes in immune measures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study did not demonstrate superiority of treatment with SSRI+CCBT versus placebo+CCBT. Patients in both arms showed improvement of depression symptoms, which did not correlate with changes in immune markers. We found no evidence of decreased inflammation (IL-6, CRP) or immune restoration (LUNKs or intracellular IFN-γ) following treatment with CCBT with or without active escitalopram. While antidepressant treatment is indicated for PWH with depression, we observed no evidence of direct immunologic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subscribers Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2667-1743(25)00226-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2667-1743(25)00226-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100672"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Links Between Prenatal Cannabis Exposure and Brain Development Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques: A Narrative Review","authors":"Priscila Dib Gonçalves ,&nbsp;James O. Woodruff ,&nbsp;Maria Olivia Pozzolo Pedro ,&nbsp;Milenna T. van Dijk ,&nbsp;Emilie Bruzelius ,&nbsp;Silvia S. Martins ,&nbsp;Gretchen Bandoli ,&nbsp;Alexandra Potter ,&nbsp;Leigh-Anne Cioffredi ,&nbsp;Ardesheer Talati ,&nbsp;Matthew D. Albaugh","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the impact of prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) on brain development is increasingly important given rising cannabis use during pregnancy. Many existing reviews on this topic are more than 5 years old and may not reflect recent social shifts that could impact cannabis use during pregnancy; they also have not utilized the recently available large longitudinal datasets for more robust and population-representative investigations. In this narrative review, we aim to provide an updated and expanded examination of the associations between PCE and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based brain outcomes from in utero development to adolescence. We included studies published after 2019 that used at least one of the following measures: structural MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, resting-state fMRI, and/or task-based fMRI. Across 9 studies that met criteria, 1 study focused on MRI outcomes in utero, 2 in infancy, and 6 in early adolescence, and only 3 studies included MRI and behavior outcomes. PCE was linked to differences in frontal, parietal, and temporal areas, spanning from in utero to adolescence across multiple MRI modalities. However, in the current state of the literature, detecting a consistent trend on PCE’s impact on MRI findings was not possible. Furthermore, we found several divergences in study design: varying approaches to assessment (e.g., self-report vs. urine toxicology); difficulties in accounting for prenatal exposure to multiple substances; limited information on timing, frequency, potency, or mode of consumption; and the influence of parental or postnatal factors. Future research should implement designs that can rigorously capture the abovementioned elements to permit replication and eventual meta-analyses on this critical topic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Genetics to Shed Light on the Scientific Gray Zone of Functional Seizures","authors":"Christal N. Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100628","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional Blunting and Time Estimation in Depression","authors":"Francesca Mura ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Catrambone ,&nbsp;Gaetano Valenza ,&nbsp;Virginie Van Wassenhove ,&nbsp;Giovanna Mioni ,&nbsp;Claudio Gentili","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Various cognitive and emotional factors shape our perception of time. Notably, individuals experiencing depressive symptoms often report changes in their time perception, characterized by a phenomenon termed depressive time dilation, or a subjective slowing of temporal flow. However, research on this topic has yielded conflicting and inconclusive findings, leaving the mechanisms behind altered time perception in depression largely unknown. In this study, we aim to explore the neural dynamics underlying the influence of emotional experiences on time perception in relation to depressive symptomatology.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 120 university students participated in a retrospective time estimation task after watching either sad or neutral emotion-eliciting videos. Moreover, participants’ electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded for the whole duration of the experiment by means of a high-density EEG cap. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings revealed notable differences between individuals with depressive symptoms and healthy control individuals. Specifically, emotional modulation influenced time estimations exclusively in healthy control individuals. Moreover, individuals with depressive symptoms exhibited a significant relationship between beta band power and retrospective time estimations, specifically after watching the neutral video.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that cognitive processes related to depression may disrupt the link between emotions and time perception. Overall, our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between emotional experience, cognitive processes, and time perception in individuals with depressive symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}