Biological psychiatry global open science最新文献

{"title":"Remember Me? Adolescent Thalamic Inhibition Leads to Deficits in Cortical Maturation and Social Memory","authors":"Isabel Bravo , Christoph Kellendonk","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100543","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100543"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Mental and Neurological Illnesses Based on Cerebellar Normative Features","authors":"Milin Kim ,&nbsp;Nitin Sharma ,&nbsp;Esten H. Leonardsen ,&nbsp;Saige Rutherford ,&nbsp;Geir Selbæk ,&nbsp;Karin Persson ,&nbsp;Nils Eiel Steen ,&nbsp;Olav B. Smeland ,&nbsp;Torill Ueland ,&nbsp;Geneviève Richard ,&nbsp;Aikaterina Manoli ,&nbsp;Sofie L. Valk ,&nbsp;Dag Alnæs ,&nbsp;Christian F. Beckman ,&nbsp;Andre F. Marquand ,&nbsp;Ole A. Andreassen ,&nbsp;Lars T. Westlye ,&nbsp;Thomas Wolfers ,&nbsp;Torgeir Moberget ,&nbsp;Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mental and neurological conditions have been linked to structural brain variations. However, aside from dementia, the value of brain structural characteristics derived from brain scans for prediction is relatively low. One reason for this limitation is the clinical and biological heterogeneity inherent to such conditions. Recent studies have implicated aberrations in the cerebellum, a relatively understudied brain region, in these clinical conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Here, we used machine learning to test the value of individual deviations from normative cerebellar development across the lifespan (based on trained data from &gt;27,000 participants) for prediction of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (<em>n</em> = 317), bipolar disorder (<em>n</em> = 238), schizophrenia (SZ) (<em>n</em> = 195), mild cognitive impairment (<em>n</em> = 122), and Alzheimer's disease (<em>n</em> = 116); individuals without diagnoses were matched to the clinical cohorts. We applied several atlases and derived median, variance, and percentages of extreme deviations within each region of interest.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results show that lobular and voxelwise cerebellar data can be used to discriminate reference samples from individuals with ASD and SZ with moderate accuracy (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves ranged from 0.56 to 0.65). Contributions to these predictive models originated from both anterior and posterior regions of the cerebellum.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study highlights the utility of cerebellar normative modeling in predicting ASD and SZ, aided by 4 cerebellar atlases that enhanced the interpretability of the findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco Smoking and Gray Matter Volume in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study","authors":"Merel Koster ,&nbsp;Marieke van der Pluijm ,&nbsp;Maura Fraikin ,&nbsp;Guido van Wingen ,&nbsp;Elsmarieke van de Giessen ,&nbsp;Lieuwe de Haan ,&nbsp;Jentien Vermeulen ,&nbsp;Tim Ziermans","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Smoking is pervasive in young adults before psychosis onset and has been linked to worse clinical outcomes. Research suggests that smoking may play a role in psychosis pathogenesis, as increased smoking and gray matter reductions are associated with psychosis risk. However, a direct relationship in people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) has not been established.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>3T structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from the NAPLS-3 (North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study 3) were used. At baseline, 432 CHR-P nonsmokers and 110 CHR-P smokers were included, totaling 1617 scans across 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-month follow-ups. Baseline gray matter volume differences between smoking and nonsmoking CHR-P were assessed with voxel-based morphometry. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine association between smoking and gray matter volume across age in the superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula. CHR-P individuals were categorized by tobacco use (no, low, high) to explore dose-response associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At baseline, no significant differences in gray matter volume were observed between smoking and nonsmoking CHR-P individuals, regardless of the tobacco use level. Longitudinal analyses showed no significant group or group × age associations with gray matter volume between the 2 groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We observed no cross-sectional or longitudinal associations over 8 months between smoking and gray matter volume in CHR-P individuals. This suggests that no tobacco-related associations with gray matter volume reductions are evident yet in this vulnerable group, both in terms of psychosis and addiction risk. However, low smoking frequency and intensity in the current sample warrant further research with CHR-P individuals who are heavier smokers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response Monitoring Theta-Band Activities Across Emotional Contexts in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders","authors":"Takakuni Suzuki ,&nbsp;Margo W. Menkes ,&nbsp;Melvin G. McInnis ,&nbsp;Jian Kang ,&nbsp;Tara A. Niendam ,&nbsp;Maureen A. Walton ,&nbsp;Patricia J. Deldin ,&nbsp;Ivy F. Tso ,&nbsp;Stephan F. Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZ) and bipolar spectrum disorder (BD) have traditionally been treated as different conditions but share many characteristics, including cognitive control deficits. Electroencephalogram (EEG) indicators of response monitoring, including error-related negativity (ERN) and theta-band activities (4–8 Hz), have been proposed as transdiagnostic indicators of cognitive control. Research has found that the ERN and theta power are blunted in SZ, but findings have been less consistent in BD. Individuals with SZ and BD also show difficulty in emotional contexts. However, no research has investigated response-monitoring theta activities in SZ and BD concurrently or in emotional contexts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected from 32 participants with SZ, 33 participants with BD, and 33 healthy control (HC) participants. EEG was recorded while participants completed 3 modified flanker tasks using arrow, unpleasant, and pleasant stimuli. Effects of group and task on postresponse event-related potentials (ERN, correct-related negativity), theta total power, and theta intertrial phase coherence (ITPC) were investigated using mixed analysis of covariance, controlling for age and accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The SZ group did not show the ERN modulation by task that was found in the HC and BD groups. The SZ group showed attenuated theta power across all tasks, and the BD group showed attenuated power only on error trials with unpleasant stimuli. Both SZ and BD groups showed emotional modulation for theta ITPC. Theta power was correlated across tasks, suggesting that it is task invariant, while ITPC was not, suggesting that it is task-specific.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SZ and BD show different effects of emotional stimuli on cognitive control. To elucidate similarities and differences, concurrent data collection from individuals with SZ and BD across contexts is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threats That Arise From Within: Changes in Error Processing and the Prospective Prediction of Everyday Avoidance","authors":"Claudia R. Becker ,&nbsp;Richard Morris ,&nbsp;Annmarie MacNamara","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Errors are internally generated and can be harmful. Therefore, errors are considered endogenous threats. Like other forms of threat, errors receive increased processing in clinical anxiety, and enhanced error processing is predictive of anxiety onset in children. As is seen with other types of threat, avoidance of errors could also play a role in symptom worsening.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventy-four participants (56 female, 18 male) with internalizing psychopathology completed self-report measures and a flanker task during electroencephalography (EEG) recording at baseline (time 1) and 1 year later (time 2). Time 1 EEG event-related potentials, the error positivity (Pe) and the error-related negativity (ERN), as well as changes in error processing over 1 year, were examined as predictors of everyday avoidance (i.e., avoidance of anxiety-provoking stimuli in the real world) at time 2.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants with greater elaborated processing of errors (Pe) at time 1 showed greater increases in everyday avoidance at time 2. This association was only evident for participants with reductions in early error processing (ERN) over the same time period, potentially indicating avoidance of errors in the laboratory. In addition, smaller time 2 ERNs were correlated with increased time 2 everyday avoidance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Heightened elaborative error processing (indicative of sensitivity to endogenous threat) is predictive of increased everyday avoidance over 1 year. However, how patients respond to heightened elaborative error processing at baseline—i.e., via blunting of early error processing over the following year—is critical in determining worsening of everyday avoidance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100536"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144469985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Overexpression of the Mouse Ortholog of CACNA1C on Behavior and Cortical Dynamics","authors":"Rachel Parent ,&nbsp;Ruei-Lung Lin ,&nbsp;Lara Ouillette ,&nbsp;Emily Glass ,&nbsp;Hannah Burns ,&nbsp;Michael D. Uhler ,&nbsp;Sami L. Case ,&nbsp;Olivier Thibault ,&nbsp;Geoffrey G. Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mental disorders are common in the United States. According to the National Institute of Mental Health more than 23% of the adult population in the United States live with some form of mental illness. Genome-wide association studies have implicated <em>CACNA1C</em>, which encodes the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel Ca_V1.2, and it has been suggested that the expression levels of <em>CACNA1C</em> may be associated with mental illness. To this end, we have generated a novel mouse line that conditionally overexpresses the mouse ortholog <em>Cacna1c</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Transgenic mice (Ca_V1.2^Tg+ mice) were characterized for expression and distribution of Ca_V1.2. The Ca_V1.2^Tg+ mice were compared with control littermates using assays that examined cognitive and affective behaviors. Cortical network dynamics were assessed using in vivo multiphoton calcium imaging.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with their control littermates, Ca_V1.2^Tg+ mice exhibited a ∼1-fold increase in Ca_V1.2 expression. Behavioral characterization of the Ca_V1.2^Tg+ mice revealed a complex phenotype in which they exhibited deficits in the consolidation of fearful memories and an increase in anxiolytic-like behavior. The Ca_V1.2^Tg+ mice also appeared to have altered cortical dynamics in which the network was more dense but less synchronized.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We have successfully generated mice that overexpress the mouse ortholog of a gene that has been implicated in several psychiatric diseases. Our initial characterization suggests that these mice have alterations in behavior and neural function that have been linked to mental illness. It is anticipated that future studies will reveal additional neurobehavioral alterations whose mechanisms will be studied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100537"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prepronociceptin-Expressing Neurons in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Signal Escape Behavior","authors":"Maria M. Ortiz-Juza ,&nbsp;Randall L. Ung ,&nbsp;Sophia M. Hegel ,&nbsp;Ayden L. Ring ,&nbsp;Noah W. Miller ,&nbsp;Ruben A. Garcia-Reyes ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Nomura ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki K. Kato ,&nbsp;Nicolas C. Pégard ,&nbsp;Jose Rodriguez-Romaguera","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dysregulation in neural circuits that encode arousal responses to aversive stimuli is thought to contribute to changes in motivated behaviors associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the relationship between arousal and motivation remains poorly understood. We previously identified that prepronociceptin-expressing neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (<em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons) modulate rapid physiological arousal responses to a motivationally salient aversive odor. However, whether <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons also signal behavioral actions triggered by an aversive odor is still unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we investigated the role of <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons in signaling behavioral responses to an aversive odor. We leveraged miniaturized head-mounted microscopes to monitor the calcium activity of <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons in vivo while freely behaving mice performed an odor preference test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that the bulk activity of <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons increased as mice approached an aversive odor. Single-cell analyses revealed heterogeneity in response dynamics within the <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neuronal population upon initial exposure to the odor. Subsequent analysis revealed that the response dynamics of <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons that showed excitation when mice were in close proximity to the aversive odor were due to the initiation of darting away from the odor.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results highlight a novel role of <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons to signal escape behavior in response to an aversive stimulus. This, in combination with our previous findings that <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons encode arousal responses, supports a neurobiological relationship of arousal and motivation within extended amygdala circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Individuals Born Preterm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies","authors":"Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Nina Zaks ,&nbsp;Eero Kajantie ,&nbsp;Monica S.M. Persson ,&nbsp;Abraham Reichenberg ,&nbsp;Mika Gissler ,&nbsp;Kari Risnes ,&nbsp;Alexander Kolevzon ,&nbsp;Ulrika Ådén ,&nbsp;Ezra Susser ,&nbsp;Martina Persson ,&nbsp;Jonas F. Ludvigsson ,&nbsp;Kristiina Tammimies ,&nbsp;Liona C. Poon ,&nbsp;Benjamin Yip ,&nbsp;Nora Döring ,&nbsp;Sven Sandin ,&nbsp;Weiyao Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preterm children are at an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although the determinants of ASD among them remain unclear. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarize the population-based literature on ASD risk factors in preterm-born individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science through September 2023 for population-based studies on ASD risk factors in preterm cohorts (&lt;37 weeks’ gestation). From 3921 articles, 19 met inclusion criteria. Registered in PROSPERO and following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, data were extracted and analyzed using fixed and random effects meta-analysis models. Primary outcomes included ASD risk factors, pooled when consistently examined in at least 2 studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The qualitative synthesis included 16 cohort studies, 2 case-control studies, and 1 cross-sectional study, while 3 cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 410 to 515,789. Male sex was the only risk factor eligible for meta-analysis and was associated with increased risk of ASD (relative risk 3.04; 95% CI, 2.02–4.57). Low birth weight suggested a potential positive association with ASD, while neonatal jaundice showed no clear link. Pooled estimates were unavailable for these exposures due to heterogeneity in exposure definitions and effect measures. All other risk factors were examined in two or fewer studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the risk of ASD in individuals born preterm. The only consistent risk factor identified is male sex, with potential links to low birth weight. To better understand the differences in ASD etiology between preterm and term-born individuals, further research is crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100535"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deviations From Normative Functioning Underlying Emotional Episodic Memory Revealed Cross-Scale Neurodiverse Alterations Linked to Affective Symptoms in Distinct Psychiatric Disorders","authors":"Yang Xiao ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Li ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuyanan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuqi Ge ,&nbsp;Zhe Lu ,&nbsp;Mengying Ma ,&nbsp;Yuqing Song ,&nbsp;Hao-Yang Tan ,&nbsp;Dai Zhang ,&nbsp;Weihua Yue ,&nbsp;Hao Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Affective symptoms are a prevalent psychopathological feature in various psychiatric disorders. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are complex and not yet fully understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used normative modeling to establish a reference for functional activation of functional magnetic resonance imaging based on an emotional episodic memory task, which is frequently used to study affective symptoms in psychiatric disorders. This normative reference was derived from a large dataset of healthy individuals (<em>n</em> = 409) and used to evaluate individualized functional alterations by calculating deviations from this reference in a clinical dataset, which included 164 healthy control participants and patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (<em>n</em> = 56), bipolar disorder (BD) (<em>n</em> = 31), and schizophrenia (SZ) (<em>n</em> = 73). The functional deviations were mapped to emotional networks (ENs) with specific emotional functions and used to predict affective symptoms in different mental disorders. The microscale cellular signatures underlying macroscale variations were identified using imaging transcriptomic analysis and associated with affective symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We observed distinct patterns of cross-scale neural alterations linked to affective symptoms in 3 psychiatric disorders. Macroscale neural dysfunctions in distinct disorders were embedded into non-overlapping ENs and significantly associated with affective symptoms. Oligodendrocytes may mediate the network-specific impairments and microglia for MDD, astrocytes for BD, and excitatory neurons for SZ as replicable cell-type correlates of affective symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings revealed cross-scale neural alterations underlying affective symptoms in psychiatric disorders, providing a basis for understanding their neuropathological patterns and guiding individualized treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100534"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Neighborhood Opportunity, Cognitive Function, and Brain Structure in Youths","authors":"Lan Zhou ,&nbsp;Tianying Cai ,&nbsp;Ka I Ip","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Access to essential neighborhood opportunities (e.g., quality education, nutritious foods, clean air) is critical for development, but the influence of these factors on neurocognition remains unclear. Leveraging the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) Study, we examined associations between neighborhood opportunity, cognitive function, and brain structure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were 10,463 (ages 9–10 years) children. Neighborhood opportunity was measured by the Child Opportunity Index (COI 2.0), which assesses educational, health/environmental, and social/economic opportunities. Cognitive function was measured via the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, and T1-weighted imaging provided brain structural measures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Youths living in higher-opportunity neighborhoods exhibited better performance across all cognitive measures (β = 0.11–0.37, <em>p</em> &lt; .001) and larger whole-brain gray matter volume (β = 0.10, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), surface area (β = 0.06, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), cortical thickness (β = 0.11, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), and specific brain volume regions implicated in cognitive function. These associations persisted after controlling for demographic and household factors (e.g., material hardship, family conflict, and parental education). Relative weight analyses revealed that socioeconomic neighborhood opportunities had the strongest influence on cognitive function (33.35%–51.56%) and brain measures (48.95%–60.98%), although educational and health/environmental opportunities also contributed uniquely. Structural equation modeling found that whole-brain gray matter volume and surface area mediated the relationship between COI and cognitive outcomes at the 2-year follow-up, with regional effects in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Neighborhood opportunity is a critical factor that shapes neurocognitive development, beyond effects of household-level indicators and neighborhood deprivation. The findings highlight the importance of using an asset-based approach to understand how multiple neighborhood resources may foster neurocognitive development and advance health equity for youth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}