Biological psychiatry global open science最新文献

{"title":"Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Modulates Binge-Like Ethanol Drinking in a Sex-Dependent Manner: Impact of Amygdala Deletion and Inhibition of a Central Amygdala to Lateral Hypothalamus Circuit","authors":"Sophie C. Bendrath ,&nbsp;Hernán G. Méndez ,&nbsp;Anne M. Dankert ,&nbsp;Jose Manuel Lerma-Cabrera ,&nbsp;Francisca Carvajal ,&nbsp;Ana Paula S. Dornellas ,&nbsp;Sophia Lee ,&nbsp;Sofia Neira ,&nbsp;Harold Haun ,&nbsp;Eric Delpire ,&nbsp;Montserrat Navarro ,&nbsp;Thomas L. Kash ,&nbsp;Todd E. Thiele","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Binge alcohol drinking is a dangerous behavior that can contribute to the development of more severe alcohol use disorder. Importantly, the rate and severity of alcohol use disorder has historically differed between men and women, suggesting that there may be sex differences in the central mechanisms that modulate alcohol (ethanol) consumption. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a centrally expressed neuropeptide that has been implicated in the modulation of binge-like ethanol intake, and emerging data highlight sex differences in CRF systems.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the current report, we characterized CRF+ neurocircuitry arising from the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and innervating the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in the modulation of binge-like ethanol intake in male and female mice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using chemogenetic tools, we found that silencing the CRF+ CeA to LH circuit significantly blunted binge-like ethanol intake in male but not female mice. Consistently, genetic deletion of CRF from neurons of the CeA blunted ethanol intake exclusively in male mice. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of the CRF₁ receptor in the LH significantly reduced binge-like ethanol intake in male mice only, while CRF₂ receptor activation in the LH failed to alter ethanol intake in either sex. Finally, a history of binge-like ethanol drinking reduced <em>C</em><em>rf</em> messenger RNA levels in the CeA regardless of sex.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These observations provide novel evidence that CRF+ CeA to LH neurocircuitry is more sensitive for modulating binge-like ethanol intake in male mice, which may provide insight into the mechanisms that guide known sex differences in binge-like ethanol intake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding Depth of Meditation: Electroencephalography Insights From Expert Vipassana Practitioners","authors":"Nicco Reggente ,&nbsp;Christian Kothe ,&nbsp;Tracy Brandmeyer ,&nbsp;Grant Hanada ,&nbsp;Ninette Simonian ,&nbsp;Sean Mullen ,&nbsp;Tim Mullen","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Meditation practices have demonstrated numerous psychological and physiological benefits, but capturing the neural correlates of varying meditative depths remains challenging. In this study, we aimed to decode self-reported time-varying meditative depth in expert practitioners using electroencephalography (EEG).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Expert Vipassana meditators (<em>n</em> = 34) participated in 2 separate sessions. Participants reported their meditative depth on a personally defined 1 to 5 scale using both traditional probing and a novel spontaneous emergence method. EEG activity and effective connectivity in theta, alpha, and gamma bands were used to predict meditative depth using machine/deep learning, including a novel method that fused source activity and connectivity information.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We achieved significant accuracy in decoding self-reported meditative depth across unseen sessions. The spontaneous emergence method yielded improved decoding performance compared with traditional probing and correlated more strongly with postsession outcome measures. Best performance was achieved by a novel machine learning method that fused spatial, spectral, and connectivity information. Conventional EEG channel-level methods and preselected default mode network regions fell short in capturing the complex neural dynamics associated with varying meditation depths.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates the feasibility of decoding personally defined meditative depth using EEG. The findings highlight the complex, multivariate nature of neural activity during meditation and introduce spontaneous emergence as an ecologically valid and less obtrusive experiential sampling method. These results have implications for advancing neurofeedback techniques and enhancing our understanding of meditative practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychobiological Stress Response Profiles in Current and Remitted Depression: A Person-Centered, Multisystem Approach","authors":"Manuel Kuhn ,&nbsp;David C. Steinberger ,&nbsp;Jason José Bendezú ,&nbsp;Maria Ironside ,&nbsp;Min S. Kang ,&nbsp;Kaylee E. Null ,&nbsp;Devon L. Brunner ,&nbsp;Diego A. Pizzagalli","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A dysregulated stress response, including exaggerated affective reactivity and abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsivity, has been implicated in the etiology, maintenance, and relapse of major depressive disorder (MDD). Among adolescents, discordant affective and physiological stress response profiles have been linked to negative affective outcomes and increased risk for psychopathology. Whether these findings extend to adults with varying degree of MDD risk is unclear, as are possible links to various risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used a person-centered, multisystem approach in a sample of 119 unmedicated adults with current or remitted MDD and individuals without past MDD to evaluate psychobiological stress response profiles. Multitrajectory modeling was applied to positive affect, negative affect, and salivary cortisol (CORT) levels in response to the Maastricht Acute Stress Test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analyses identified 4 within-person profiles, 1 typical, termed normative (<em>n</em> = 32, 26.9%) and 3 atypical: CORT hyperreactivity affective stability (<em>n</em> = 17, 14.3%), CORT hyporeactivity affective reactivity 1 (<em>n</em> = 45, 37.8%), and CORT hyporeactivity affective reactivity 2 (<em>n</em> = 25, 21.0%). While validating the assumption of a normative profile and increased risk for psychopathology in non-normative stress response profiles, coherent associations emerged between stress response profiles and clinical status, depression severity, anhedonia, perceived stress, childhood adversity, and reports of well-being, suggesting increased risk for psychopathology for individuals with a hyperreactive or discordant hyporeactive stress response profile.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This work advances our understanding of stress response mechanisms in MDD and underscores the potential of targeted interventions to enhance resilience and reduce psychopathology based on individual stress response profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group Social Dynamics in a Seminatural Setup Reflect the Adaptive Value of Aggression in Male Mice","authors":"Sergey Anpilov ,&nbsp;Yair Shemesh ,&nbsp;Asaf Benjamin ,&nbsp;Tommaso Biagini ,&nbsp;Daniil Umanski ,&nbsp;Yehonatan Zur ,&nbsp;Yehezkel Sztainberg ,&nbsp;Alon Richter-Levin ,&nbsp;Oren Forkosh ,&nbsp;Alon Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Maladaptive aggression in humans is associated with several psychiatric conditions and lacks effective treatment. Nevertheless, tightly regulated aggression is essential for survival throughout the animal kingdom. Studying how social dominance hierarchies regulate aggression and access to resources in an enriched environment (EE) can narrow the translational gap between aggression in animal models and normal and pathological human behavior.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The social box is a seminatural setup for automatic and prolonged monitoring of mouse group dynamics. We utilized the social box to decipher tradeoffs between aggression, social avoidance, resource allocation, and dominance in 2 mouse models of increased aggression: 1) a model of early exposure to an EE and 2) a model of oxytocin receptor deficiency (<em>Oxt</em><em>r</em>^{<em>−/−</em>}). While environmental enrichment increases aggression as an adaptive response to external stimuli, hyperaggression in <em>Oxt</em><em>r</em>^{<em>−/−</em>} mice is accompanied by marked abnormalities in social behavior.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>EE groups exhibited significant social avoidance, and an increased proportion of their encounters developed into aggressive interactions, resulting in lower levels of exploratory activity and overall aggression. The hierarchy in EE groups was more stable than in control groups, and dominance was correlated with access to resources. In <em>Oxt</em><em>r</em>^{<em>−/−</em>} groups, mice engaged in excessive social encounters and aggressive chasing, accompanied by increased overall activity. In <em>Oxt</em><em>r</em>^{<em>−/−</em>} groups, dominance hierarchies existed but were not correlated with access to resources.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Measuring aggression and social dominance hierarchies in a seminatural setup reveals the adaptive value of aggression in EE and <em>Oxt</em><em>r</em>^{<em>−/</em>−} mice. This approach can enhance translational research on pathological aggression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of an 18-Month Meditation Training on Telomeres in Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the Age-Well Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Perla Kaliman ,&nbsp;María Jesús Álvarez-López ,&nbsp;Asrar Lehodey ,&nbsp;Daniel Fernández ,&nbsp;Anne Chocat ,&nbsp;Marco Schlosser ,&nbsp;Vincent de La Sayette ,&nbsp;Denis Vivien ,&nbsp;Natalie L. Marchant ,&nbsp;Gael Chételat ,&nbsp;Antoine Lutz ,&nbsp;Géraldine Poisnel","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Shorter telomeres are associated with increased risk of cognitive decline and age-related diseases. Developing interventions to promote healthy aging by preserving telomere integrity is of paramount importance. Here, we investigated the effect of an 18-month meditation intervention on telomere length (TL) measures in older people without cognitive impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 137 adults age ≥65 years were randomized to one of the 3 groups (meditation training, non-native language training, or passive control). We evaluated the 50th and 20th percentile TL and the percentage of critically short telomeres (&lt;3 kbp) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mixed model analysis showed a time effect indicating a general decrease on the 50th percentile TL (<em>F</em> = 80.72, <em>p</em>_adjusted &lt; .001), without a significant group effect or time × group interaction. No significant effect was detected in the 20th percentile TL or the percentage of critically short telomeres. Secondary analysis showed that only in the meditation training group 1) the 50th percentile TL positively correlated with class attendance time (<em>r</em> = 0.45, <em>p</em>_adjusted &lt; .011), 2) the 50th and 20th percentile TL positively correlated with responsiveness to the intervention, evaluated through a composite score (<em>r</em> = 0.46, <em>p</em>_adjusted &lt; .010 and <em>r</em> = 0.41, <em>p</em>_adjusted = .029, respectively), and 3) lower scores on a measure of the personality trait “openness to experience” correlated with a lower percentage of critically short telomeres after the intervention (<em>r</em> = 0.44, <em>p</em>_adjusted = .015).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In older adults, we found no evidence for a main effect of an 18-month meditation training program on TL compared with the control groups. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the impact of moderating factors when measuring the effectiveness of meditation-based trainings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Transition From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous Machine Learning in Neuropsychiatric Research","authors":"Qingyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Kate B. Nooner ,&nbsp;Susan F. Tapert ,&nbsp;Ehsan Adeli ,&nbsp;Kilian M. Pohl ,&nbsp;Amy Kuceyeski ,&nbsp;Mert R. Sabuncu","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the advantage of neuroimaging-based machine learning (ML) models as pivotal tools for investigating brain-behavior relationships in neuropsychiatric studies, these data-driven predictive approaches have yet to yield substantial, clinically actionable insights for mental health care. A notable impediment lies in the inadequate accommodation of most ML research to the natural heterogeneity within large samples. Although commonly thought of as individual-level analyses, many ML algorithms are unimodal and homogeneous and thus incapable of capturing the potentially heterogeneous relationships between biology and psychopathology. We review the current landscape of computational research targeting population heterogeneity and argue that there is a need to expand from brain subtyping and behavioral phenotyping to analyses that focus on heterogeneity at the relational level. To this end, we review and suggest several existing ML models with the capacity to discern how external environmental and sociodemographic factors moderate the brain-behavior mapping function in a data-driven fashion. These heterogeneous ML models hold promise for enhancing the discovery of individualized brain-behavior associations and advancing precision psychiatry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraindividual Variability of Event-Related Potentials in Psychosis: A Registered Report","authors":"Amanda Holbrook ,&nbsp;Bohyun Park ,&nbsp;Philippe Rast ,&nbsp;Gregory A. Light ,&nbsp;Peter E. Clayson","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neurophysiological tools have yielded valuable insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of psychosis. However, studies using event-related potentials (ERPs) have primarily focused on mean scores and neglected the within-person variability of ERP scores. The neglect of within-person variability of ERPs in the search for biomarkers might have resulted in crucial differences related to psychosis being missed. In this registered report, we aimed to determine whether distinct patterns of intraindividual variability in ERP biomarkers would be observed in people with a lifetime psychosis diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Publicly available data posted to the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive for 1R01MH110434-01 was obtained for 162 patients with a lifetime history of psychosis and 178 never-psychotic (NP) participants. Participants completed tasks that measured the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN), P300, error-related negativity, and reward positivity. Multilevel location-scale models were used to determine whether patients showed greater intraindividual variability of ERP scores than NP participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Contrary to predictions, the groups did not differ in within-person variability of MMN frequency, P300, or error-related negativity; patients showed less variability in MMN duration than NP participants. Exploratory analyses of a subset of patients with schizophrenia showed greater variability of MMN in this group than in the NP group. Greater severity of thought disorder and activation symptoms were associated with higher intraindividual MMN variability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Distinct patterns of intraindividual variability in the measured ERPs were not observed for the broad group of people with lifetime psychotic disorders. Exploratory analyses suggest that intraindividual differences in ERPs are more relevant to schizophrenia and certain symptom dimensions than to psychotic disorders broadly, but research is needed to confirm these exploratory findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100396"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin Reduces Noradrenergic-Induced Opioid-Like Withdrawal Symptoms in Individuals on Opioid Agonist Therapy","authors":"Brian J. Gully ,&nbsp;Zoe E. Brown ,&nbsp;Rivkah Hornbacher ,&nbsp;Joshua C. Brown ,&nbsp;Sudie E. Back ,&nbsp;Elinore F. McCance-Katz ,&nbsp;Robert M. Swift ,&nbsp;Carolina L. Haass-Koffler","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intranasal administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin has been explored as a potential therapeutic agent for substance use disorder including opioid use disorder (OUD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This phase 1, crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial tested the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of intranasal oxytocin (80 IU) twice a day for 7 days in participants (<em>N</em> = 20) with OUD who were taking an opioid agonist therapy. In the laboratory, participants underwent opioid cue exposure paired with noradrenergic activation produced by yohimbine (32.4 mg) or placebo. Assessments included, 1) subjective response: craving, withdrawal, anxiety, and stress; 2) biomedical markers: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response (cortisol) and noradrenergic activation (α-amylase); and 3) safety measures: hemodynamics and adverse event evaluation. Generalized linear model with model-based estimator in the covariance matrix was used, with medication (oxytocin/placebo) and noradrenergic activation (yohimbine/placebo) as within-subject factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Oxytocin significantly reduced opioid-like withdrawal, anxiety symptoms, and cortisol levels elicited by cue exposure under noradrenergic activation produced by yohimbine. This effect was specific because oxytocin did not reduce craving, hemodynamics, or α-amylase levels increased by yohimbine administration. A single dose of yohimbine elicited the noradrenergic stimulation, and 7-day oxytocin administration was safe and well tolerated among individuals diagnosed with OUD and taking opioid agonist therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings of this study suggest that oxytocin alleviates opioid-like withdrawal symptoms and anxiety by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differing Pattern of Mismatch Negativity Responses in Clinical and Nonclinical Voice Hearers Challenge Predictive Coding Accounts of Psychosis","authors":"Molly A. Erickson ,&nbsp;Sonia Bansal ,&nbsp;Charlotte Li ,&nbsp;James Waltz ,&nbsp;Philip Corlett ,&nbsp;James Gold","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Among people with schizophrenia (PSZ), reduced mismatch negativity (MMN) is conceptualized as evidence of disrupted prediction error signaling that underlies positive symptoms. However, this conceptualization has been challenged by observations that MMN and positive symptoms are often uncorrelated. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that reduced MMN is associated with the presence of hallucinations and delusions specifically rather than the presence of a psychiatric illness. A second aim was to determine whether the strength of the association with positive symptoms increases for indices that reflect predictions at higher levels of abstraction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty-six PSZ, 34 nonclinical voice hearers, and 48 healthy comparison subjects (HCs) completed 2 MMN paradigms: one with a simple duration deviant type, and one with a higher-level, pattern-violation deviant type. We also measured the repetition positivity, which reflects the formation of auditory memory traces.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We observed that although PSZ exhibited the expected pattern of significantly reduced duration MMN and reduced pattern-violation MMN at the trend level compared with HCs, nonclinical voice hearers exhibited a pattern of duration MMN and pattern-violation MMN amplitude that was statistically similar to that of HCs (<em>p</em>s &gt; .64). Similarly, PSZ exhibited a significantly reduced repetition positivity slope compared with HCs in the duration condition and a trend-level reduction compared with HCs in the pattern-violation condition. Nonclinical voice hearers did not differ from either group in repetition positivity slope in either condition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results indicate that the MMN as a prediction error signal does not reflect processes relevant for the manifestation of hallucinations and delusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Balance N1 Is Larger in Children With Anxiety and Associated With the Error-Related Negativity","authors":"Aiden M. Payne ,&nbsp;Norman B. Schmidt ,&nbsp;Alex Meyer ,&nbsp;Greg Hajcak","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The error-related negativity (ERN) is a brain response evoked by mistakes in cognitive tasks that is enhanced with anxiety and can predict the subsequent onset or exacerbation of anxiety in children and adolescents. A physical disturbance to standing balance evokes a brain response called the balance N1 that resembles the ERN in scalp topography and in response to a variety of moderating factors. We recently found that the balance N1 and ERN correlate in amplitude across small samples of adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the current study, we tested the effect of anxiety on the balance N1 in children (ages 9–12 years) with and without diagnosed anxiety disorders (38 children with generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder and 50 children without these disorders). We measured the balance N1 in response to sudden release of support from a forward leaning posture, the ERN in response to mistakes on a Go/NoGo task, and anxiety symptoms using child- and parent-report forms of the Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both the balance N1 and the ERN were larger in the anxious group. The balance N1 was also associated with both the ERN and parent report of child anxiety symptom severity across individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The higher measurement reliability of the balance N1 than the ERN and greater experimental control over errors suggest that balance paradigms may provide a more powerful method for investigating individual differences in error-related brain activity related to anxiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}