Biological psychiatry global open science最新文献

{"title":"Sex-Specific Effects of Birth Weight on Longitudinal Behavioral Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Approach Using Polygenic Scores","authors":"Lars Meinertz Byg ,&nbsp;Carol Wang ,&nbsp;John Attia ,&nbsp;Andrew Whitehouse ,&nbsp;Craig Pennell","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>It is unclear whether sex differences in behavior arising from birth weight (BW) are genuine because of the cross-sectional nature and potential confounding in previous studies. We aimed to test whether sex differences associated with BW phenotype were reproducible using a Mendelian randomization approach, i.e., association between polygenic score (PGS) for BW and behavior outcomes across childhood and adolescence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from the Raine Study, we had 1484 genotyped participants with a total of 6446 Child Behavior Checklist assessments from ages 5 to 17 years. We used BW-PGSs in linear mixed-effect models to predict parentally assessed attention, aggression, and social problems scales; we also derived estimates and significance for a sex-by-genotype interaction. We used a Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold and tested robustness of the results with teacher assessments of behavior and a second PGS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found a sex-by-genotype interaction with lower BW-PGSs associated with increased aggression in males compared with females. These findings were consistent across various analyses, including teacher assessments. Surprisingly, a lower BW-PGS showed protective effects in females, while a lower BW phenotype had detrimental effects in males with evidence of a genotype-phenotype mismatch increasing aggression problems in males only.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study underscores the genuine nature of behavioral sex differences arising from low BW and highlights the sex-dependent and diverging effects of environmental and genetic BW determinants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"4 6","pages":"Article 100387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Posterior Default Mode Network Activity During Interoceptive Attention and Relation to Mindfulness","authors":"Dhakshin Ramanathan ,&nbsp;Jason Nan ,&nbsp;Gillian Grennan ,&nbsp;Satish Jaiswal ,&nbsp;Suzanna Purpura ,&nbsp;James Manchanda ,&nbsp;Vojislav Maric ,&nbsp;Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani ,&nbsp;Jyoti Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Interoceptive attention to internal sensory signals, such as the breath, is fundamental to mindfulness. However, interoceptive attention can be difficult to study, with many studies relying on subjective and retrospective measures. Response consistency is an established method for evaluating variability of attention on exteroceptive attention tasks, but it has rarely been applied to interoceptive attention tasks.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we measured consistency of response times on a breath-monitoring task with simultaneous electroencephalography in individuals across the life span (15–91 years of age, <em>N</em> = 324).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that consistency on the breath-monitoring task was positively correlated with attentive performance on an exteroceptive inhibitory control task. Electroencephalography source reconstruction showed that on-task alpha band (8–12 Hz) activity was greater than that measured at rest. Low-consistency/longer breath responses were associated with elevated brain activity compared with high-consistency responses, particularly in posterior default mode network (pDMN) brain regions. pDMN activity was inversely linked with functional connectivity to the frontoparietal network and the cingulo-opercular network on task but not at rest, suggesting a role for these frontal networks in on-task regulation of pDMN activity. pDMN activity within the precuneus region was greater in participants who reported low subjective mindfulness and was adaptively modulated by task difficulty in an independent experiment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Elevated pDMN alpha activity serves as an objective neural marker for low-consistency responding during interoceptive breath attention, scales with task difficulty, and is associated with low subjective mindfulness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"4 6","pages":"Article 100384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience to Chronic Stress Is Characterized by Circadian Brain-Liver Coordination","authors":"Christina Savva ,&nbsp;Ivan Vlassakev ,&nbsp;Blynn G. Bunney ,&nbsp;William E. Bunney ,&nbsp;Lucas Massier ,&nbsp;Marcus Seldin ,&nbsp;Paolo Sassone-Corsi ,&nbsp;Paul Petrus ,&nbsp;Shogo Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic stress has a profound impact on circadian regulation of physiology. In turn, disruption of circadian rhythms increases the risk of developing both psychiatric and metabolic disorders. To explore the role of chronic stress in modulating the links between neural and metabolic rhythms, we characterized the circadian transcriptional regulation across different brain regions and the liver as well as serum metabolomics in mice exposed to chronic social defeat stress, a validated model for studying depressive-like behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male C57BL/6J mice underwent chronic social defeat stress, and subsequent social interaction screening identified distinct behavioral phenotypes associated with stress resilience and susceptibility. Stressed mice and their control littermates were sacrificed every 4 hours over the circadian cycle for comprehensive analyses of the circadian transcriptome in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and liver together with assessments of the circadian circulatory metabolome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our data demonstrate that stress adaptation was characterized by reprogramming of the brain as well as the hepatic circadian transcriptome. Stress resiliency was associated with an increase in cyclic transcription in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and liver. Furthermore, cross-tissue analyses revealed that resilient mice had enhanced transcriptional coordination of circadian pathways between the brain and liver. Conversely, susceptibility to social stress resulted in a loss of cross-tissue coordination. Circadian serum metabolomic profiles corroborated the transcriptome data, highlighting that stress-resilient mice gained circadian rhythmicity of circulating metabolites, including bile acids and sphingomyelins.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study reveals that resilience to stress is characterized by enhanced metabolic rhythms and circadian brain-liver transcriptional coordination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"4 6","pages":"Article 100385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667174324000983/pdfft?md5=0519555da8e37c473bb455fd9ff06ea4&pid=1-s2.0-S2667174324000983-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Prenatal Depression and Assessing Model Bias Using Machine Learning Models","authors":"Yongchao Huang ,&nbsp;Suzanne Alvernaz ,&nbsp;Sage J. Kim ,&nbsp;Pauline Maki ,&nbsp;Yang Dai ,&nbsp;Beatriz Peñalver Bernabé","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Perinatal depression is one of the most common medical complications during pregnancy and postpartum period, affecting 10% to 20% of pregnant individuals, with higher rates among Black and Latina women who are also less likely to be diagnosed and treated. Machine learning (ML) models based on electronic medical records (EMRs) have effectively predicted postpartum depression in middle-class White women but have rarely included sufficient proportions of racial/ethnic minorities, which has contributed to biases in ML models. Our goal is to determine whether ML models could predict depression in early pregnancy in racial/ethnic minority women by leveraging EMR data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We extracted EMRs from a large U.S. urban hospital serving mostly low-income Black and Hispanic women (<em>n</em> = 5875). Depressive symptom severity was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 self-report questionnaire. We investigated multiple ML classifiers using Shapley additive explanations for model interpretation and determined prediction bias with 4 metrics: disparate impact, equal opportunity difference, and equalized odds (standard deviations of true positives and false positives).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Although the best-performing ML model's (elastic net) performance was low (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.61), we identified known perinatal depression risk factors such as unplanned pregnancy and being single and underexplored factors such as self-reported pain, lower prenatal vitamin intake, asthma, carrying a male fetus, and lower platelet levels. Despite the sample comprising mostly low-income minority women (54% Black, 27% Latina), the model performed worse for these communities (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 57% Black, 59% Latina women vs. 64% White women).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>EMR-based ML models could moderately predict early pregnancy depression but exhibited biased performance against low-income minority women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"4 6","pages":"Article 100376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Use Disorder–Associated DNA Methylation in the Nucleus Accumbens and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex","authors":"Julie D. White ,&nbsp;Melyssa S. Minto ,&nbsp;Caryn Willis ,&nbsp;Bryan C. Quach ,&nbsp;Shizhong Han ,&nbsp;Ran Tao ,&nbsp;Amy Deep-Soboslay ,&nbsp;Lea Zillich ,&nbsp;Stephanie H. Witt ,&nbsp;Rainer Spanagel ,&nbsp;Anita C. Hansson ,&nbsp;Shaunna L. Clark ,&nbsp;Edwin J.C.G. van den Oord ,&nbsp;Thomas M. Hyde ,&nbsp;R. Dayne Mayfield ,&nbsp;Bradley T. Webb ,&nbsp;Eric O. Johnson ,&nbsp;Joel E. Kleinman ,&nbsp;Laura J. Bierut ,&nbsp;Dana B. Hancock","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has a profound public health impact. However, understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development and progression of AUD remains limited. Here, we investigated AUD-associated DNA methylation changes within and across 2 addiction-relevant brain regions, the nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Illumina HumanMethylation EPIC array data from 119 decedents (61 cases, 58 controls) were analyzed using robust linear regression with adjustment for technical and biological variables. Associations were characterized using integrative analyses of public annotation data and published genetic and epigenetic studies. We also tested for brain region–shared and brain region–specific associations using mixed-effects modeling and assessed implications of these results using public gene expression data from human brain.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At a false discovery rate of ≤.05, we identified 105 unique AUD-associated CpGs (annotated to 120 genes) within and across brain regions. AUD-associated CpGs were enriched in histone marks that tag active promoters, and our strongest signals were specific to a single brain region. Some concordance was found between our results and those of earlier published alcohol use or dependence methylation studies. Of the 120 genes, 23 overlapped with previous genetic associations for substance use behaviors, some of which also overlapped with previous addiction-related methylation studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings identify AUD-associated methylation signals and provide evidence of overlap with previous genetic and methylation studies. These signals may constitute predisposing genetic differences or robust methylation changes associated with AUD, although more work is needed to further disentangle the mechanisms that underlie these associations and their implications for AUD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"4 6","pages":"Article 100375"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in the Development of an Opioid Addiction–Like Phenotype: A Focus on the Telescoping Effect","authors":"Eleanor Blair Towers ,&nbsp;Kyle A. Hsu ,&nbsp;Emaan I. Qillawala ,&nbsp;Shaniece D. Fraser ,&nbsp;Wendy J. Lynch","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Women develop addiction and drug-related health consequences after fewer years of drug use than men; this accelerated time course, or telescoping effect, has been observed clinically for multiple drugs, including opioids. Preclinical studies indicate that this is a biologically based phenomenon; however, these studies have focused exclusively on cocaine, and none have considered health effects.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, we used a rat (Sprague Dawley) model to determine sex differences in the time course for the development of an opioid addiction–like phenotype, as defined by the development of physical dependence (withdrawal-induced weight loss) and an increase in motivation for fentanyl (under a progressive-ratio schedule). Effects were determined following either 10 days (optimized, experiment 1) or 3 days (threshold, experiment 2) of extended-access fentanyl self-administration (24 hours/day, fixed ratio 1, 2- to 5-minute trials/hour) or following short-access fentanyl self-administration (subthreshold, experiment 3; fixed ratio 1, up to 40 infusions/day). Opioid-related adverse health effects were also determined (experiment 4).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Motivation for fentanyl was similarly increased in males and females following 10 days of extended-access self-administration (experiment 1), was transiently increased in females, but not males, following 3 days of extended-access self-administration (experiment 2) and was not increased in either sex following short-access self-administration (experiment 3). Females developed fentanyl-associated adverse health effects more readily than males (experiment 4), with particularly robust differences during extended-access self-administration and withdrawal.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>As with findings in humans, female rats developed opioid addiction–like features and adverse health consequences more readily than male rats. These data provide support for a biologically based telescoping effect in females for opioids, particularly for opioid-related adverse health consequences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"4 6","pages":"Article 100373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667174324000867/pdfft?md5=304ca317bd24b38de4a19b893d9b2e7e&pid=1-s2.0-S2667174324000867-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142173820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Embodied Mind: Functional Connectome Fingerprinting of Meditation Expertise","authors":"Sébastien Czajko ,&nbsp;Jelle Zorn ,&nbsp;Loïc Daumail ,&nbsp;Gael Chetelat ,&nbsp;Daniel S. Margulies ,&nbsp;Antoine Lutz","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Short mindfulness-based interventions have gained traction in research due to their positive impact on well-being, cognition, and clinical symptoms across various settings. However, these short-term trainings are viewed as preliminary steps within a more extensive transformative path, presumably leading to long-lasting trait changes. Despite this, little is still known about the brain correlates of these meditation traits.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To address this gap, we investigated the neural correlates of meditation expertise in long-term Buddhist practitioners, comparing the large-scale brain functional connectivity of 28 expert meditators with 47 matched novices. Our hypothesis posited that meditation expertise would be associated with specific and enduring patterns of functional connectivity present during both meditative (open monitoring/open presence and loving-kindness and compassion meditations) and nonmeditative resting states, as measured by connectivity gradients.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Applying a support vector classifier to states not included in training, we successfully decoded expertise as a trait, demonstrating its non–state-dependent nature. The signature of expertise was further characterized by an increased integration of large-scale brain networks, including the dorsal and ventral attention, limbic, frontoparietal, and somatomotor networks. The latter correlated with a higher ability to create psychological distance from thoughts and emotions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Such heightened integration of bodily maps with affective and attentional networks in meditation experts could point toward a signature of the embodied cognition cultivated in these contemplative practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"4 6","pages":"Article 100372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667174324000855/pdfft?md5=40f89fc9138b1916dc32744913bee376&pid=1-s2.0-S2667174324000855-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroencephalographic Microstates During Sleep and Wake in Schizophrenia","authors":"Michael Murphy ,&nbsp;Chenguang Jiang ,&nbsp;Lei A. Wang ,&nbsp;Nataliia Kozhemiako ,&nbsp;Yining Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Aberrant functional connectivity is a hallmark of schizophrenia. The precise nature and mechanism of dysconnectivity in schizophrenia remains unclear, but evidence suggests that dysconnectivity is different in wake versus sleep. Microstate analysis uses electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate large-scale patterns of coordinated brain activity by clustering EEG data into a small set of recurring spatial patterns, or microstates. We hypothesized that this technique would allow us to probe connectivity between brain networks at a fine temporal resolution and uncover previously unknown sleep-specific dysconnectivity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We studied microstates during sleep in patients with schizophrenia by analyzing high-density EEG sleep data from 114 patients with schizophrenia and 79 control participants. We used a polarity-insensitive <em>k</em>-means analysis to extract a set of 6 microstate topographies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>These 6 states included 4 widely reported canonical microstates. In patients and control participants, falling asleep was characterized by a shift from microstates A, B, and C to microstates D, E, and F. Microstate F was decreased in patients during wake, and microstate E was decreased in patients during sleep. The complexity of microstate transitions was greater in patients than control participants during wake, but this reversed during sleep.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings reveal behavioral state–dependent patterns of cortical dysconnectivity in schizophrenia. Furthermore, these findings are largely unrelated to previous sleep-related EEG markers of schizophrenia such as decreased sleep spindles. Therefore, these findings are driven by previously undescribed sleep-related pathology in schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"4 6","pages":"Article 100371"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667174324000843/pdfft?md5=f54af03c03108f894b1911814da26a63&pid=1-s2.0-S2667174324000843-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision Functional Mapping to Advance Developmental Psychiatry Research","authors":"Alyssa K. Labonte BS ,&nbsp;M. Catalina Camacho ,&nbsp;Julia Moser ,&nbsp;Sanju Koirala ,&nbsp;Timothy O. Laumann ,&nbsp;Scott Marek ,&nbsp;Damien Fair ,&nbsp;Chad M. Sylvester","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many psychiatric conditions have their roots in early development. Individual differences in prenatal brain function (which is influenced by a combination of genetic risk and the prenatal environment) likely interact with individual differences in postnatal experience, resulting in substantial variation in brain functional organization and development in infancy. Neuroimaging has been a powerful tool for understanding typical and atypical brain function and holds promise for uncovering the neurodevelopmental basis of psychiatric illness; however, its clinical utility has been relatively limited thus far. A substantial challenge in this endeavor is the traditional approach of averaging brain data across groups despite individuals varying in their brain organization, which likely obscures important clinically relevant individual variation. Precision functional mapping (PFM) is a neuroimaging technique that allows the capture of individual-specific and highly reliable functional brain properties. Here, we discuss how PFM, through its focus on individuals, has provided novel insights for understanding brain organization across the life span and its promise in elucidating the neural basis of psychiatric disorders. We first summarize the extant literature on PFM in normative populations, followed by its limited utilization in studying psychiatric conditions in adults. We conclude by discussing the potential for infant PFM in advancing developmental precision psychiatry applications, given that many psychiatric disorders start during early infancy and are associated with changes in individual-specific functional neuroanatomy. By exploring the intersection of PFM, development, and psychiatric research, this article underscores the importance of individualized approaches in unraveling the complexities of brain function and improving clinical outcomes across development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"4 6","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667174324000831/pdfft?md5=46c0d9937bd209ed7118e5bf4dfbb509&pid=1-s2.0-S2667174324000831-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily Social Isolation Maps Onto Distinctive Features of Anhedonic Behavior: A Combined Ecological and Computational Investigation","authors":"Valeria Gigli ,&nbsp;Paola Castellano ,&nbsp;Valerio Ghezzi ,&nbsp;Yuen-Siang Ang ,&nbsp;Martino Schettino ,&nbsp;Diego A. Pizzagalli ,&nbsp;Cristina Ottaviani","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Loneliness and social isolation have detrimental consequences for mental health and act as vulnerability factors for the development of depressive symptoms, such as anhedonia. The mitigation strategies used to contain COVID-19, such as social distancing and lockdowns, allowed us to investigate putative associations between daily objective and perceived social isolation and anhedonic-like behavior.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Reward-related functioning was objectively assessed using the Probabilistic Reward Task. A total of 114 unselected healthy individuals (71% female) underwent both a laboratory and an ecological momentary assessment. Computational modeling was applied to performance on the Probabilistic Reward Task to disentangle reward sensitivity and learning rate.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Findings revealed that objective, but not subjective, daily social interactions were associated with motivational behavior. Specifically, higher social isolation (less time spent with others) was associated with higher responsivity to rewarding stimuli and a reduced influence of a given reward on successive behavioral choices.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, the current results broaden our knowledge of the potential pathways that link (COVID-19–related) social isolation to altered motivational functioning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"4 6","pages":"Article 100369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266717432400082X/pdfft?md5=a814b502df144b7f7875b3cc48222b45&pid=1-s2.0-S266717432400082X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142075862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}