Biological psychiatry global open science最新文献

{"title":"The Hallucinogen Rating Scale: Updated Factor Structure in a Large, Multistudy Sample","authors":"Abigail E. Calder ,&nbsp;Clifford Qualls ,&nbsp;Gregor Hasler ,&nbsp;David Elmiger ,&nbsp;Rick Strassman","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Hallucinogen Rating Scale (HRS) has been widely used to measure the subjective effects of psychedelics and other psychoactive substances. Its advantages include a basis in phenomenological interviews and clinical studies, straightforward items, and broad coverage of psychedelic effects. Previous studies have attempted to resolve its factor structure but were limited by small samples of participants who took only one substance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We obtained 991 HRS questionnaires from the authors of 18 publications involving 13 psychoactive substances. Exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze its factor structure, and mixed-effects analyses of variance were used to compare HRS scores between drugs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The HRS resolved into 8 factors with good to excellent internal consistency and that intuitively map onto the effects of psychedelics. The factor model also showed good measures of fit that were superior to previous proposed models. Model factors were able to show dose responses for most drugs. Additionally, patterns of responses on the 8 factors significantly differentiated classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and DMT, from other substance classes, including dissociatives such as ketamine and salvinorin A, empathogens such as MDMA, stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine, and Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol. The factor of meaningfulness also uniquely differentiated psychedelics from all other substances.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These data show that the HRS is an intuitive and psychometrically sound tool for measuring the effects of psychedelic drugs, and it may also have utility for measuring the effects of other drugs and altered states of consciousness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Scotland-Wide Naturalistic Study of 4826 Treatment Episodes","authors":"Julie Langan Martin ,&nbsp;Rona J. Strawbridge ,&nbsp;David Christmas ,&nbsp;Michael Fleming ,&nbsp;Stephen Kelly ,&nbsp;Daphne Varveris ,&nbsp;Daniel Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment option for several psychiatric disorders, including treatment-resistant depression, but there are concerns about potential adverse effects, particularly on cognition. This study describes ECT response and side effects in the Scottish ECT Audit Network.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data collected from 4826 treatment episodes includes pre-ECT and post-ECT illness severity scores (Clinical Global Impression-Severity [CGI-S] and Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS]), diagnosis, age, sex, consent status, treatment year, treatment frequency, dose, and reported side effects. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the response to ECT by diagnosis, and logistic regression was used to investigate which factors influenced ECT response and side-effect occurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CGI-S scale scores were reduced after ECT in all diagnoses. For patients with depression or bipolar depression, MADRS scores were also reduced after ECT. The most common side effect was headaches (29%). Increased age and increased CGI-S scores were significantly associated (multiple-testing corrected <em>p</em> &lt; .05) with better treatment response and more cognitive side effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In a large observational outcome study of ECT, ECT appears to be effective (measured by reduction in CGI-S or MADRS scores) across a range of psychiatric diagnoses. Furthermore, increased age and increased illness severity scores at entry were the variables most significantly associated with treatment response and cognitive side effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100434"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuron-Specific Glycine Metabolism Links Transfer RNA Epitranscriptomic Regulation to Complex Behaviors","authors":"Jennifer Blaze ,&nbsp;Viviana Dolores Evans ,&nbsp;Jessica Abigail Feria Pliego ,&nbsp;Petr Unichenko ,&nbsp;Behnam Javidfar ,&nbsp;Soeren Heissel ,&nbsp;Hanan Alwaseem ,&nbsp;Zachary Pennington ,&nbsp;Denise Cai ,&nbsp;Henrik Molina ,&nbsp;Christian Henneberger ,&nbsp;Schahram Akbarian","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The presence of treatment resistance in neuropsychiatric disease suggests that novel mechanism-based discoveries and therapies could benefit the field, with a viable candidate being transfer RNA (tRNA) epitranscriptomics. <em>Nsun2</em> tRNA methyltransferase depletion in mature neurons elicits changes in complex behaviors relevant for fear, anxiety, and other neuropsychiatric phenotypes. However, it remains unclear whether this is due to dysregulated tRNAs or metabolic shifts that impact the neuronal translatome by activation of stress messengers together with alterations in amino acid supply.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To link specific molecular alterations resulting from neuronal <em>Nsun2</em> ablation to neuropsychiatric phenotypes, we used drug-induced phosphoactivation of stress response translation initiation factors together with disruption of NSUN2-regulated glycine tRNAs and cell type–specific ablation of the glycine cleavage system modeling the excessive upregulation of this amino acid in the <em>Nsun2</em>-deficient brain. Changes in extracellular glycine levels were monitored by an optical glycine Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor in the hippocampus, and behavioral phenotyping included cognition, anxiety-like behavior, and behavioral despair.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increased motivated escape behaviors were specifically observed in mice with neuron-specific ablation of <em>Gldc</em>, resulting in an excess in cortical glycine levels comparable to a similar phenotype in mice after deletion of neuronal <em>Nsun2</em>. None of these phenotypes were observed in mice treated with tunicamycin for chemoactivation of integrative stress response pathways or in mice genetically engineered for decreased glycine tRNA gene dosage. In the <em>Nsun2</em>-deficient brain, dynamic glycine profiles in the hippocampal extracellular space were fully maintained at baseline and in the context of neuronal activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Alterations in neuronal glycine metabolism, resulting from targeted ablation of the glycine cleavage system or disruption of the tRNA regulome, elicit changes in complex behaviors in mice relevant for neuropsychiatric phenotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating stress hormones, brain health, and cognition in healthy older adults: Cross-sectional findings and sex differences in AGE-WELL","authors":"Maxie Liebscher ,&nbsp;Silke White ,&nbsp;Anne Chocat ,&nbsp;Florence Mezenge ,&nbsp;Brigitte Landeau ,&nbsp;Marion Delarue ,&nbsp;Oriane Hébert ,&nbsp;Anne-Laure Turpin ,&nbsp;Natalie L. Marchant ,&nbsp;Gaël Chételat ,&nbsp;Olga Klimecki ,&nbsp;Géraldine Poisnel ,&nbsp;Miranka Wirth","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Increased stress is a proposed risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We examined the cross-sectional associations between circulating stress biomarkers and multimodal measures of brain health and cognition susceptible to AD in older adults and sex-specific subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Baseline data from 132 cognitively unimpaired non-depressed participants (age=74.0±4.0 years, women: n=80) in the Age-Well trial (NCT02977819) were included. Stress hormone levels were measured in overnight fasting blood serum (cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS)) and blood plasma (epinephrine, norepinephrine) samples. AD-sensitive measures of brain health, including glucose metabolism (n=89), cerebral perfusion, gray matter volume, and amyloid deposition in a priori regions of interest, and cognitive markers were evaluated. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher epinephrine was associated (<em>pFDR</em>&lt;0.05) with lower glucose metabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC, β=-0.26, <em>p</em>=.008), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC, β=-0.32, <em>p</em>=.006) and precuneus (β=-0.27, <em>p</em>=.021) and lower perfusion in the PCC (β=-0.23, <em>p</em>=.013). Interactions between stress hormones and sex showed (<em>pFDR</em>&lt;0.05) that in women only, higher epinephrine was associated with larger ACC volume (interaction: β=0.32, <em>p</em>=.016), whereas in men only, higher cortisol was associated with lower episodic memory performance (interaction: β=0.98, <em>p</em>=.012).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The present study demonstrates the involvement of circulating stress hormones, particularly epinephrine and cortisol, in higher resilience or vulnerability of brain health and cognition indicators susceptible to AD in older adults. The identification of sex-specific patterns in these associations may inform the development of more effective and tailored interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic Gene Expression Correlates of the Biophysically Modeled Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal","authors":"Ajay P. Singh ,&nbsp;Michael Fromandi ,&nbsp;Daniel Pimentel-Alarcón ,&nbsp;Donna M. Werling ,&nbsp;Audrey P. Gasch ,&nbsp;John-Paul J. Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool to identify the structural and functional correlates of neurological illness but provides limited insight into molecular neurobiology. Using rat genetic models of autism spectrum disorder, we show that image texture–processed neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) diffusion MRI possesses an intrinsic relationship with gene expression that corresponds to the biophysically modeled cellular compartments of the NODDI diffusion signal. Specifically, we demonstrate that neurite density index and orientation dispersion index signals are correlated with intracellular and extracellular gene expression, respectively. Moreover, we further demonstrate that these imaging signals correlate with genes specifically relevant to the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder. In sum, our data suggest fundamental relationships between gene expression and diffusion MRI, implicating the potential of diffusion MRI to probe causal neurobiological mechanisms in neuroimaging phenotypes in autism spectrum disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive and Negative Symptoms in the Early and Established Stages of Schizophrenia: Integrating Structural Brain Alterations, Cognitive Performance, and Plasma Interleukin 6 Levels","authors":"Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli ,&nbsp;Gary Donohoe ,&nbsp;Siân Lowri Griffiths ,&nbsp;Cristina M. Del-Ben ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Watson ,&nbsp;Tom Burke ,&nbsp;Paris A. Lalousis ,&nbsp;Declan McKernan ,&nbsp;Derek Morris ,&nbsp;John Kelly ,&nbsp;Colm McDonald ,&nbsp;Saahithh R. Patlola ,&nbsp;Carmine Pariante ,&nbsp;Nicholas M. Barnes ,&nbsp;Golam M. Khandaker ,&nbsp;John Suckling ,&nbsp;Bill Deakin ,&nbsp;Rachel Upthegrove ,&nbsp;Maria R. Dauvermann","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depressive and negative symptoms are related to poor functional outcomes in schizophrenia. Cognitive deficits, reduced brain cortical thickness and volumes, and inflammation may contribute to depressive and negative symptoms, but pharmacological treatment and disease progression may confound the associations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We evaluated whether higher plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels would be associated with more severe negative or depressive symptoms in schizophrenia and explored illness stage utilizing early (BeneMin [Benefit of Minocycline on Negative Symptoms of Psychosis: Extent and Mechanism], <em>n</em> = 201, 72.8% male) and established (iRELATE [Immune Response &amp; Social Cognition in Schizophrenia], <em>n</em> = 94, 67.3% male) schizophrenia cohorts. Using structural equation modeling in a subsample (iRELATE: <em>n</em> = 42, 69.0% male; BeneMin: <em>n</em> = 102, 76.5% male) with data on structural brain metrics (cortical thickness and volume), general cognitive performance, and plasma IL-6 levels, we assessed the interrelationships between these variables on depressive and negative symptom severity in early and established schizophrenia samples combined and in early schizophrenia only. All analyses were adjusted for sex, age, and chlorpromazine equivalent dose.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher plasma IL-6 levels were related to more severe depressive symptoms in early schizophrenia (<em>p</em> &lt; .05) and negative symptoms in established schizophrenia (<em>p</em> &lt; .05). Structural equation modeling findings in early and established schizophrenia samples combined and early schizophrenia only showed that the interrelationship between higher plasma IL-6 levels, structural brain metrics, and general cognitive performance did not predict the severity of depressive and negative symptoms (<em>p</em> &gt; .05). Higher plasma IL-6 levels and lower general cognitive performance were associated with reduced brain metrics (<em>p</em> &lt; .05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results indicate that higher plasma IL-6 levels may be differently associated with the severity of depressive and negative symptoms dependent on the illness stage. Future work identifying elevated levels of inflammation in larger samples may allow stratification and personalized intervention by subgroups who are at risk of poor outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reelin Deficiency and Synaptic Impairment in the Adolescent Prefrontal Cortex Following Initial Synthetic Cannabinoid Exposure","authors":"Thenzing J. Silva-Hurtado ,&nbsp;Gabriele Giua ,&nbsp;Olivier Lassalle ,&nbsp;Leila Makrini-Maleville ,&nbsp;Benjamin Strauss ,&nbsp;Jim Wager-Miller ,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Freyermuth ,&nbsp;Ken Mackie ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Valjent ,&nbsp;Olivier J.J. Manzoni ,&nbsp;Pascale Chavis","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adolescent cannabinoid exposure can have long-lasting effects on the brain, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, where the reelin protein plays a crucial role in neural organization. Chronic cannabinoid exposure leads to reelin deficiency and behavioral abnormalities, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. With the increasing use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) among young people, understanding these effects is crucial.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined the cellular and synaptic consequences of initial SC exposure in adolescent male mice 1 day after a single in vivo exposure to WIN 55,212-2. Our approach combined immunohistochemistry, Western blots, conditional CB₁ receptor (CB1R) knockout mouse lines, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and ex vivo electrophysiology to investigate the effects of SC on reelin expression and synaptic plasticity. Additionally, single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization profiling was used to identify cellular coexpression patterns of reelin and CB1Rs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings indicate that a single exposure to SC decreased reelin expression in specific prefrontal cortex layers accompanied by disrupted proteolytic fragmentation but not changes in messenger RNA expression. Single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization profiling revealed a strong coexpression of CB1R and reelin. Furthermore, our pharmacological and genetic approaches demonstrated that CB1Rs in GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) neurons mediate the SC-induced decrease in reelin. This decrease in reelin results in a reduction in long-term potentiation, phenocopying reelin haploinsufficient mice. Notably, we restored long-term potentiation by infusing reelin bilaterally, establishing a functional link between reelin depletion and synaptic deficits.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings provide new insights into the neural consequences of adolescent cannabinoid consumption and highlight the critical role of reelin in the cellular mechanisms associated with SC initiation during adolescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Rate of Unique Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Breakpoints in Young Adults With Early-Life Stress","authors":"Teresa E. Daniels ,&nbsp;Brooke E. Hjelm ,&nbsp;William W. Lewis-de los Angeles ,&nbsp;Eric Smith ,&nbsp;Audrey A. Omidsalar ,&nbsp;Brandi L. Rollins ,&nbsp;Anna Sherman ,&nbsp;Stephanie Parade ,&nbsp;Marquis P. Vawter ,&nbsp;Audrey R. Tyrka","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mounting evidence suggests that mitochondria respond to psychosocial stress. Recent studies suggest mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions may be increased in some psychiatric disorders, but no studies have examined early-life stress (ELS) and mtDNA deletions. In this study, we assessed mtDNA deletions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of medically healthy young adults with and without ELS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>n</em> = 181; 69% female), ages 18 to 40 years, were recruited from the community. Participants with ELS (<em>n</em> = 108) had moderate to severe childhood maltreatment; 83 also had parental loss, and 59 had psychiatric disorders. Participants in the control group (<em>n</em> = 73) had no maltreatment, parental loss, or psychiatric disorders. Standardized interviews and self-report measures assessed demographic variables, stress, and mental health. mtDNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was amplified via long-range polymerase chain reaction; mtDNA deletions were quantified via Seq-Well, next-generation sequencing, and the Splice-Break pipeline. Linear regression models were used to assess relationships of mtDNA deletion metrics with ELS, adult stressors, psychiatric disorders, and demographics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants with ELS had significantly greater rates of unique mtDNA deletion breakpoints per 10,000 coverage than participants without ELS (<em>p</em> &lt; .001), correcting for age, sex, and sequencing depth. Cumulative mtDNA deletion read percentage was not significantly different between groups. Psychiatric disorders and adult stressors were associated with greater unique mtDNA deletion breakpoints (<em>p</em>s &lt; .05) but did not account for associations of ELS with mtDNA deletions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The increased number of unique mtDNA deletion breakpoints in participants with ELS suggests that mitochondrial genomes undergo observable alterations in the context of early stress. Future studies will examine mtDNA deletions with metabolic health measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oscillating Mindfully: Using Machine Learning to Characterize Systems-Level Electrophysiological Activity During Focused Attention Meditation","authors":"Noga Aviad ,&nbsp;Oz Moskovich ,&nbsp;Ophir Orenstein ,&nbsp;Etam Benger ,&nbsp;Arnaud Delorme ,&nbsp;Amit Bernstein","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There has been rapid growth of neuroelectrophysiological studies that aspire to uncover the “black box” of mindfulness and meditation. Reliance on traditional data analysis methods hinders understanding of the complex, nonlinear, multidimensional, and systemic nature of the functional neuroelectrophysiology of meditation states.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thus, to reveal the complex systemic neuroelectrophysiology of meditation, we applied a machine learning extreme gradient boosting classification algorithm and 4 complementary feature importance methods to extract systemic electroencephalography features characterizing mindful states from electroencephalography recorded during a focused attention meditation and a control mind-wandering state among 26 experienced meditators.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The algorithm classified meditation versus mind-wandering states with 83% accuracy, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 79% and F1 score of 74%. Feature importance techniques identified 10 electroencephalography features associated with increased power and coherence of high-frequency oscillations during focused attention meditation relative to an instructed mind-wandering state.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings help delineate the complex systemic oscillatory activity that characterizes meditation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral DNA Methylation of Cortisol- and Serotonin-Related Genes Predicts Hippocampal Volume in a Pediatric Population","authors":"Taena Hanson ,&nbsp;Sophia Spencer ,&nbsp;Samantha A. Harker ,&nbsp;Fatoumata Barry ,&nbsp;Phoebe Burton ,&nbsp;Jennifer Beauchemin ,&nbsp;Sarah E. Mennenga ,&nbsp;B. Blair Braden ,&nbsp;Viren D'Sa ,&nbsp;Daphne Koinis-Mitchell ,&nbsp;Sean C.L. Deoni ,&nbsp;Candace R. Lewis","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hippocampal volume increases throughout early development and is an important indicator of cognitive abilities and mental health. However, hippocampal development is highly vulnerable to exposures during development, as seen by smaller hippocampal volume and differential epigenetic programming in genes implicated in mental health. However, few studies have investigated hippocampal volume in relation to the peripheral epigenome across development, and even less is known about potential genetic moderators. Therefore, in this study, we explored relationships between hippocampal volume and peripheral DNA methylation of mental health–related genes, specifically <em>NR3C1</em>, <em>FKBP5</em>, and <em>SLC6A4</em>, throughout early development and whether these associations were moderated by age or genotype.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bilateral hippocampal volume was computed from T2-weighted images through FreeSurfer, and DNA methylation was measured from saliva using the Illumina MethylationEPIC microarray in a pediatric population (<em>N</em> = 248, females = 112, mean_age = 5.13 years, SD_age = 3.60 years).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multiple linear regression and bootstrapping analyses revealed that DNA methylation of <em>NR3C1</em>, <em>FKBP5</em>, and <em>SLC6A4</em> was associated with hippocampal volume and that these relationships were moderated by age and gene-specific variants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings support the validity of peripheral DNA methylation profiles for indirectly assessing hippocampal volume and development and underscore the importance of genotype and age considerations in research. Therefore, peripheral epigenetic profiles may be a promising avenue for investigating the impacts of early-life stress on brain structure and subsequent mental health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100421"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}