Biological psychiatry global open science最新文献

{"title":"Prepronociceptin-Expressing Neurons in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Signal Escape Behavior","authors":"Maria M. Ortiz-Juza ,&nbsp;Randall L. Ung ,&nbsp;Sophia M. Hegel ,&nbsp;Ayden L. Ring ,&nbsp;Noah W. Miller ,&nbsp;Ruben A. Garcia-Reyes ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Nomura ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki K. Kato ,&nbsp;Nicolas C. Pégard ,&nbsp;Jose Rodriguez-Romaguera","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dysregulation in neural circuits that encode arousal responses to aversive stimuli is thought to contribute to changes in motivated behaviors associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the relationship between arousal and motivation remains poorly understood. We previously identified that prepronociceptin-expressing neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (<em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons) modulate rapid physiological arousal responses to a motivationally salient aversive odor. However, whether <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons also signal behavioral actions triggered by an aversive odor is still unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we investigated the role of <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons in signaling behavioral responses to an aversive odor. We leveraged miniaturized head-mounted microscopes to monitor the calcium activity of <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons in vivo while freely behaving mice performed an odor preference test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that the bulk activity of <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons increased as mice approached an aversive odor. Single-cell analyses revealed heterogeneity in response dynamics within the <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neuronal population upon initial exposure to the odor. Subsequent analysis revealed that the response dynamics of <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons that showed excitation when mice were in close proximity to the aversive odor were due to the initiation of darting away from the odor.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results highlight a novel role of <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons to signal escape behavior in response to an aversive stimulus. This, in combination with our previous findings that <em>Pnoc</em>^BNST neurons encode arousal responses, supports a neurobiological relationship of arousal and motivation within extended amygdala circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Individuals Born Preterm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies","authors":"Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Nina Zaks ,&nbsp;Eero Kajantie ,&nbsp;Monica S.M. Persson ,&nbsp;Abraham Reichenberg ,&nbsp;Mika Gissler ,&nbsp;Kari Risnes ,&nbsp;Alexander Kolevzon ,&nbsp;Ulrika Ådén ,&nbsp;Ezra Susser ,&nbsp;Martina Persson ,&nbsp;Jonas F. Ludvigsson ,&nbsp;Kristiina Tammimies ,&nbsp;Liona C. Poon ,&nbsp;Benjamin Yip ,&nbsp;Nora Döring ,&nbsp;Sven Sandin ,&nbsp;Weiyao Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preterm children are at an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although the determinants of ASD among them remain unclear. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarize the population-based literature on ASD risk factors in preterm-born individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science through September 2023 for population-based studies on ASD risk factors in preterm cohorts (&lt;37 weeks’ gestation). From 3921 articles, 19 met inclusion criteria. Registered in PROSPERO and following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, data were extracted and analyzed using fixed and random effects meta-analysis models. Primary outcomes included ASD risk factors, pooled when consistently examined in at least 2 studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The qualitative synthesis included 16 cohort studies, 2 case-control studies, and 1 cross-sectional study, while 3 cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 410 to 515,789. Male sex was the only risk factor eligible for meta-analysis and was associated with increased risk of ASD (relative risk 3.04; 95% CI, 2.02–4.57). Low birth weight suggested a potential positive association with ASD, while neonatal jaundice showed no clear link. Pooled estimates were unavailable for these exposures due to heterogeneity in exposure definitions and effect measures. All other risk factors were examined in two or fewer studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the risk of ASD in individuals born preterm. The only consistent risk factor identified is male sex, with potential links to low birth weight. To better understand the differences in ASD etiology between preterm and term-born individuals, further research is crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100535"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deviations From Normative Functioning Underlying Emotional Episodic Memory Revealed Cross-Scale Neurodiverse Alterations Linked to Affective Symptoms in Distinct Psychiatric Disorders","authors":"Yang Xiao ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Li ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuyanan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuqi Ge ,&nbsp;Zhe Lu ,&nbsp;Mengying Ma ,&nbsp;Yuqing Song ,&nbsp;Hao-Yang Tan ,&nbsp;Dai Zhang ,&nbsp;Weihua Yue ,&nbsp;Hao Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Affective symptoms are a prevalent psychopathological feature in various psychiatric disorders. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are complex and not yet fully understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used normative modeling to establish a reference for functional activation of functional magnetic resonance imaging based on an emotional episodic memory task, which is frequently used to study affective symptoms in psychiatric disorders. This normative reference was derived from a large dataset of healthy individuals (<em>n</em> = 409) and used to evaluate individualized functional alterations by calculating deviations from this reference in a clinical dataset, which included 164 healthy control participants and patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (<em>n</em> = 56), bipolar disorder (BD) (<em>n</em> = 31), and schizophrenia (SZ) (<em>n</em> = 73). The functional deviations were mapped to emotional networks (ENs) with specific emotional functions and used to predict affective symptoms in different mental disorders. The microscale cellular signatures underlying macroscale variations were identified using imaging transcriptomic analysis and associated with affective symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We observed distinct patterns of cross-scale neural alterations linked to affective symptoms in 3 psychiatric disorders. Macroscale neural dysfunctions in distinct disorders were embedded into non-overlapping ENs and significantly associated with affective symptoms. Oligodendrocytes may mediate the network-specific impairments and microglia for MDD, astrocytes for BD, and excitatory neurons for SZ as replicable cell-type correlates of affective symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings revealed cross-scale neural alterations underlying affective symptoms in psychiatric disorders, providing a basis for understanding their neuropathological patterns and guiding individualized treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100534"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Neighborhood Opportunity, Cognitive Function, and Brain Structure in Youths","authors":"Lan Zhou ,&nbsp;Tianying Cai ,&nbsp;Ka I Ip","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Access to essential neighborhood opportunities (e.g., quality education, nutritious foods, clean air) is critical for development, but the influence of these factors on neurocognition remains unclear. Leveraging the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) Study, we examined associations between neighborhood opportunity, cognitive function, and brain structure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were 10,463 (ages 9–10 years) children. Neighborhood opportunity was measured by the Child Opportunity Index (COI 2.0), which assesses educational, health/environmental, and social/economic opportunities. Cognitive function was measured via the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, and T1-weighted imaging provided brain structural measures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Youths living in higher-opportunity neighborhoods exhibited better performance across all cognitive measures (β = 0.11–0.37, <em>p</em> &lt; .001) and larger whole-brain gray matter volume (β = 0.10, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), surface area (β = 0.06, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), cortical thickness (β = 0.11, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), and specific brain volume regions implicated in cognitive function. These associations persisted after controlling for demographic and household factors (e.g., material hardship, family conflict, and parental education). Relative weight analyses revealed that socioeconomic neighborhood opportunities had the strongest influence on cognitive function (33.35%–51.56%) and brain measures (48.95%–60.98%), although educational and health/environmental opportunities also contributed uniquely. Structural equation modeling found that whole-brain gray matter volume and surface area mediated the relationship between COI and cognitive outcomes at the 2-year follow-up, with regional effects in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Neighborhood opportunity is a critical factor that shapes neurocognitive development, beyond effects of household-level indicators and neighborhood deprivation. The findings highlight the importance of using an asset-based approach to understand how multiple neighborhood resources may foster neurocognitive development and advance health equity for youth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Importance of Multiple Time-Point Neuroimaging and Multimodal Integration in Elucidating Clinical Recovery Mechanisms","authors":"Sarah W. Yip ,&nbsp;Anna B. Konova","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100532","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100532"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunometabolic Pathways: Investigating Mediators of Major Depressive Disorder and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Comorbidity","authors":"Angela Koloi ,&nbsp;Nabila P.R. Siregar ,&nbsp;Rick Quax ,&nbsp;Antonis I. Sakellarios ,&nbsp;Femke Lamers ,&nbsp;Arja Rydin ,&nbsp;Kevin Dobretz ,&nbsp;Costas Papaloukas ,&nbsp;Dimitrios I. Fotiadis ,&nbsp;Jos A. Bosch","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Major depressive disorder (MDD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) often co-occur whereby comorbidity results in poorer clinical outcomes, presumably due to shared immunometabolic pathways. Identifying shared biomarkers for MDD-CVD comorbidity may provide targets for prevention or treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from the NESDA (Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety) (<em>n</em> = 2256, 66.3% female, mean age 41.86 ± 13.08 years at baseline), validated with the UK Biobank (UKB) data (<em>n</em> = 35,668, 56.14% female, mean age 63.95 ± 7.74 years), this study aimed to identify 1) biomarkers, closely associated with current MDD, and 2) longitudinal pathways linking MDD and atherosclerotic CVD. Plasma metabolites (nuclear magnetic resonance) and inflammatory markers were used as exposures within a machine learning framework. Influential biomarkers were integrated into a temporal network analysis linking MDD to subsequent CVDs, exploring longitudinal pathways through causal discovery, validated by sensitivity analysis and centrality assessment. External validation included mediation and regression analysis adjusting for covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Network analysis identified stable direct paths from MDD to CVDs via tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), tyrosine, and fatty acids and indirect paths via acetate, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) diameter, interleukin 6, AGP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and low-density lipoprotein triglycerides. Among these, acetate, tyrosine, AGP (α₁-acid glycoprotein), and HDL diameter potentially mediated the MDD-CVD connection, given that these were identified as key nodes within the network. UKB validation confirmed HDL diameter (β = 0.004) and AGP (β = 0.003) as significant depression-CVD mediators (both <em>p</em> &lt; .001), after adjusting for age, sex, deprivation index, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, and body mass index.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These analyses identified biomarkers shared in MDD and CVDs and may drive comorbid pathology risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100528"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deconvolution-Based Transcriptomic Analysis in the Hippocampus Reveals Cell Type–Specific Risk Genes and Pathways Associated With Depression and Suicide","authors":"Aleena Francis,&nbsp;Bhaskar Roy,&nbsp;Yogesh Dwivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition with the highest associated suicide risk among major psychiatric disorders. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms is crucial for assessing the risk of MDD and associated suicide.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, transcriptome-based deconvolution was applied to human postmortem hippocampal samples from nonpsychiatric control subjects (<em>n</em> = 29), subjects with MDD who died by means other than suicide (D−S; <em>n</em> = 15), and subjects with MDD who died by suicide (D+S; <em>n</em> = 29). A reference gene expression profile for deconvolution was established using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-Seq) analysis. The proportions of various cell types were assessed using the MuSiC2 package, and the cell type–specific gene expression was estimated from the bulk transcriptome using bMIND. Differential expression analysis using the deconvoluted expression profile was conducted to study cell type–specific gene regulation patterns in the hippocampi of patients with MDD who died by nonsuicidal or suicidal means.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The snRNA-Seq analysis identified 11 major cell types in the hippocampus, which were consolidated into 5 primary categories: pyramidal, GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic), microglia, macroglia, and endothelial cells. Variability in the cell-type proportions was noted among the sample groups, and the gene expression deconvolution showed distinct patterns among cell types and sample groups. Differential expression analysis at the cell-type level identified more differentially expressed genes than the bulk transcriptome, with variations across comparisons and cell types. Notably, pyramidal neurons displayed significant contrasts between D−S and D+S subjects; the former group exhibited enrichment in cytoskeleton-related pathways and molecular functions, while the latter demonstrated a prevalence of immune-related terms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The distinct cell type–specific transcriptomic patterns, gene networks, and pathways reveal critical vulnerabilities associated with suicidality in individuals with MDD. These findings underscore the potential for targeted interventions aimed at these specific molecular pathways to mitigate suicide risk in individuals with depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-State Network Dynamics in Asthma: Interplay Between Depressive Symptoms and Airway Inflammation","authors":"Maxie Liebscher ,&nbsp;Claire Laubacher ,&nbsp;Theodore P. Imhoff-Smith ,&nbsp;Rasmus M. Birn ,&nbsp;Danika R. Klaus ,&nbsp;Corrina J. Frye ,&nbsp;William W. Busse ,&nbsp;Melissa A. Rosenkranz","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Asthma and depression frequently co-occur, potentially worsening each other’s symptoms. The salience network (SN) may play a key role in this link, but the roles of the default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN), as outlined in the triple network theory, remain unclear in the asthma-depression connection. This longitudinal study investigated pre-post changes in graph-theory metrics within and between the 3 networks in individuals with asthma and how these relate to depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four individuals with asthma underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans pre- and postsegmental allergen challenge. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline using the Beck Depression Inventory. Changes in graph-theory metrics were analyzed using region-of-interest (ROI)-to-ROI analyses, controlling for sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Allergen challenge led to changes in network properties. Within-network analyses showed decreased degree centrality (β = 0.50, false discovery rate–corrected <em>p</em> [<em>p</em>_FDR] = .004) and betweenness centrality (β = 0.10, <em>p</em>_FDR = .025) of the posterior cingulate cortex (DMN) and reduced degree centrality of the anterior cingulate cortex (SN), which correlated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.05, <em>p</em>_FDR = .017). Between-network analyses showed reduced closeness centrality in the bilateral lateral parietal during SN-DMN interactions (right: β = 0.23, <em>p</em>_FDR = .010; left: β = 0.23, <em>p</em>_FDR = .013) and increased degree centrality in the left posterior parietal cortex during SN-FPN interactions (β = −0.10, <em>p</em>_FDR = .038), which correlated with depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Allergen challenge alters graph-theory metrics within and between resting-state networks, with changes linked to depression symptoms. Findings highlight the SN’s critical role in network switching and its vulnerability to inflammation in asthma-depression connection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100527"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Topologies of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: A Latent Variable Approach to Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data","authors":"Elena Lacomba-Arnau ,&nbsp;Agustín Martínez-Molina ,&nbsp;Luis Eduardo Garrido ,&nbsp;Alfonso Barrós-Loscertales","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) proposes 3 neurobiological systems that underlie individual differences in sensitivity to reward, punishment, and motivational conflicts. From a latent variable perspective, theoretical model structures can be identified based on empirical data. We applied exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as structural equation modeling (SEM) with the aim of evaluating the RST neurobiological systems from biological phenotype indicators based on brain morphological organization.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 300 healthy adults (128 female, 172 male) using gray matter volumes extracted through the Neuromorphometrics atlas, targeting RST-related brain systems. To assess the underlying structure of RST neurobiological systems, we used principal component analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and exploratory SEM, as well as its model hierarchy. All analyses were enhanced by advanced techniques such as parallel analysis and exploratory graph analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings reveal a robust 4-factor model: the behavioral activation system, the combined behavioral inhibition and fight-flight-freeze system, and a dual constraint system with dorsal cortical stream and ventral cortical stream. The dorsal cortical stream exhibited significant integrative capacity, impacting the model hierarchy through top-down projections on all the other systems. Exploratory SEM provided the best fit to the MRI data, underscoring its suitability for summarizing neural substrate data.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides insights into the neurobiological foundations of RST, proposing a structural brain topology that is consistent with the theoretical proposal and emerging empirical evidence in human research. The results support the integration of psychological constructs with biological phenotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100526"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilevel Neuroimaging Insights Into Electroconvulsive Therapy Mechanisms in Clozapine-Refractory Schizophrenia: A Comparative Perspective With Depression","authors":"Maarten Laroy ,&nbsp;Akihiro Takamiya ,&nbsp;Filip Bouckaert","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}