Neurocognitive Biotypes of Risk and Resilience for Mood Disorders in Adolescents: Insights From Behavioral and Graph-Theoretic Network Markers

IF 3.7 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Biological psychiatry global open science Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100563

Ambra Coccaro , Ziwei Cheng , Luka Ruzic , Amelia D. Moser , Jenna Jones , Elena C. Peterson , Elisa F. Stern , Naomi P. Friedman , Roselinde H. Kaiser

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Abstract

Background

Adolescence is a developmental period of increased prevalence of mood disorders, but identifying adolescents who are at risk for or resilient to mood pathology remains a clinical challenge. In the current study, we addressed this challenge by evaluating multidimensional profiles of neurocognitive functioning (biotypes) that may confer vulnerability or protect against psychopathology. Biotypes were derived from neurocognitive data and identified as being resilient or high risk based on their association with future symptoms.

Methods

Adolescents (N = 146; 13–21 years, 66% first-degree familial history of mood disorders) completed behavioral tests and magnetic resonance imaging at baseline. Biotypes were derived using cluster analysis on measures of reward sensitivity and executive functioning. Over 2 years, participants reported on subjective life stress and symptoms of anhedonia or mania/hypomania. Regression analyses were used to test biotype differences in symptom variability (lability in mood symptoms) and life stress as a moderator of biotype-related differences.

Results

Biotype 1 (high executive functions, balanced integration/segregation of functional brain networks) was resilient: adolescents in this biotype reported low symptom variability, even under heightened life stress. Adolescents in biotype 2 (poor executive functions, low frontoparietal modularity) reported higher variability in symptoms of mania/hypomania overall. Adolescents in biotype 3 (mixed reward sensitivity, high overall network modularity) reported high variability in symptoms of anhedonia and mania/hypomania, if also reporting heightened life stress. Adolescents in biotype 4 (blunted reward decision processing, hyperconnected networks) reported high variability in symptoms of anhedonia, if also reporting heightened life stress.

Conclusions

Neurocognitive biotypes may identify adolescents who are resilient to, or at risk for, mood pathology.

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青少年情绪障碍风险和恢复力的神经认知生物型：来自行为和图论网络标记的见解

背景：青春期是情绪障碍患病率增加的发育时期，但识别处于情绪病理学风险或适应能力的青少年仍然是一个临床挑战。在当前的研究中，我们通过评估神经认知功能（生物型）的多维特征来解决这一挑战，这些特征可能赋予脆弱性或防止精神病理。生物型来源于神经认知数据，并根据其与未来症状的关联确定为有弹性或高风险。方法青少年（N = 146, 13-21岁，66%有情绪障碍一级家族史）在基线时完成行为测试和磁共振成像。生物型是通过奖励敏感性和执行功能的聚类分析得出的。在2年多的时间里，参与者报告了主观生活压力和快感缺乏或躁狂/轻躁狂的症状。回归分析用于测试症状变异性（情绪症状的不稳定性）和生活压力作为生物型相关差异的调节因子的生物型差异。结果生物型1（高执行功能，功能脑网络的平衡整合/分离）是有弹性的：这种生物型的青少年即使在高生活压力下也报告了较低的症状变异性。生物型2型青少年（执行功能差，额顶叶模块性低）总体上报告了躁狂/轻躁狂症状的更高变异性。生物型3（混合奖励敏感性，高整体网络模块化）的青少年报告了快感缺乏和躁狂/轻躁狂症状的高度变异性，如果也报告了生活压力的增加。生物型4（奖励决策处理迟钝，网络超连接）的青少年报告了快感缺乏症状的高度变异性，如果也报告了生活压力的增加。结论：神经认知生物型可以识别青少年对情绪病理学的适应能力或风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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