Animal microbiome最新文献

{"title":"Multi-omics integration and immune profiling identify possible causal networks leading to uterine microbiome dysbiosis in dairy cows that develop metritis.","authors":"S Casaro, J G Prim, T D Gonzalez, F Cunha, A C M Silva, H Yu, R S Bisinotto, R C Chebel, J E P Santos, C D Nelson, S J Jeon, R C Bicalho, J P Driver, Klibs N Galvão","doi":"10.1186/s42523-024-00366-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-024-00366-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cows that develop metritis experience dysbiosis of their uterine microbiome, where opportunistic pathogens overtake uterine commensals. An effective immune response is critical for maintaining uterine health. Nonetheless, periparturient cows experience immune dysregulation, which seems to be intensified by prepartum over-condition. Herein, Bayesian networks were applied to investigate the directional correlations between prepartum body weight (BW), BW loss, pre- and postpartum systemic immune profiling and plasma metabolome, and postpartum uterine metabolome and microbiome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Bayesian network analysis showed a positive directional correlation between prepartum BW, prepartum BW loss, and plasma fatty acids at parturition, suggesting that heavier cows were in lower energy balance than lighter cows. There was a positive directional correlation between prepartum BW, prepartum systemic leukocyte death, immune activation, systemic inflammation, and metabolomic changes associated with oxidative stress prepartum and at parturition. Immune activation and systemic inflammation were characterized by increased proportion of circulating polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) prepartum, B-cell activation at parturition, interleukin-8 prepartum and at parturition, and interleukin-1β at parturition. These immune changes together with plasma fatty acids at parturition had a positive directional correlation with PMN extravasation postpartum, which had a positive directional correlation with uterine metabolites associated with tissue damage. These results suggest that excessive PMN migration to the uterus leads to excessive endometrial damage. The aforementioned changes had a positive directional correlation with Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides in cows that developed metritis, suggesting that excessive tissue damage may disrupt physical barriers or increase substrate availability for bacterial growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work provides robust mechanistic hypotheses for how prepartum BW may impact peripartum immune and metabolic profiles, which may lead to uterine opportunistic pathogens overgrowth and metritis development.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"7 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11716391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progression of the faecal microbiome in preweaning dairy calves that develop cryptosporidiosis.","authors":"M F Hares, B E Griffiths, L Barningham, E E Vamos, R Gregory, J S Duncan, G Oikonomou, C J Stewart, J L Coombes","doi":"10.1186/s42523-024-00352-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-024-00352-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease that commonly affects calves under 6 weeks old. The causative agent, Cryptosporidium parvum, has been associated with the abundance of specific taxa in the faecal microbiome during active infection. However, the long-term impact of these microbiome shifts, and potential effects on calf growth and health have not yet been explored in depth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three hundred and forty-six (346) calves from three dairy farms had one faecal swab collected during the first week of life (W1). Thereafter, sampled calves were monitored for diarrhoeal disease and those that suffered a diarrhoea event were tested for C. parvum by lateral flow testing (LFT). Calves that experienced diarrhoea and tested positive for C. parvum by LFT were assigned to the Cryptosporidium-positive (Cp+) group (n = 32). Matched healthy (H) controls with no history of diarrhoea were selected from the remaining cohort (n = 33). The selected subset of calves (n = 65) was observed until weaning, collecting a faecal swab, at approximately Week 5 (W5) and Week 10 (W10) after birth, resulting in a total of 191 samples (W1; n = 65, W5; n = 64, W10; n = 62). 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on all extracted samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of the longitudinal microbiome showed significant changes in the microbial diversity and composition across all three time-points. Whilst Firmicutes were elevated in the Cp+ group at W5 compared to the H group, no other significant differences were detected between H and Cp+ groups. Whilst the core microbiota showed some taxa were exclusive to each group, the role of these taxa in health and disease has yet to be determined. Antibiotics were also found to have an impact on the relative abundance of some taxa. Though healthy calves received a significantly higher body condition score than Cp+ calves at W5, the difference did not reach significance at W10, suggesting that Cp+ calves may catch up to their healthy counterparts once the infection has resolved.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study illustrated the changes in the microbial diversity and composition during the preweaning period in dairy calves. The results also indicated that the faecal microbiome is not predictive of cryptosporidiosis and implied that cryptosporidiosis doesn't cause long-term gut dysbiosis. This study furthered our understanding of the parasite-microbiome relationship and its impact on the bovine host.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"7 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for microbially-mediated tradeoffs between growth and defense throughout coral evolution.","authors":"Hannah E Epstein, Tanya Brown, Ayọmikun O Akinrinade, Ryan McMinds, F Joseph Pollock, Dylan Sonett, Styles Smith, David G Bourne, Carolina S Carpenter, Rob Knight, Bette L Willis, Mónica Medina, Joleah B Lamb, Rebecca Vega Thurber, Jesse R Zaneveld","doi":"10.1186/s42523-024-00370-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-024-00370-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evolutionary tradeoffs between life-history strategies are important in animal evolution. Because microbes can influence multiple aspects of host physiology, including growth rate and susceptibility to disease or stress, changes in animal-microbial symbioses have the potential to mediate life-history tradeoffs. Scleractinian corals provide a biodiverse, data-rich, and ecologically-relevant host system to explore this idea.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using a comparative approach, we tested if coral microbiomes correlate with disease susceptibility across 425 million years of coral evolution by conducting a cross-species coral microbiome survey (the \"Global Coral Microbiome Project\") and combining the results with long-term global disease prevalence and coral trait data. Interpreting these data in their phylogenetic context, we show that microbial dominance predicts disease susceptibility, and traced this dominance-disease association to a single putatively beneficial symbiont genus, Endozoicomonas. Endozoicomonas relative abundance in coral tissue explained 30% of variation in disease susceptibility and 60% of variation in microbiome dominance across 40 coral genera, while also correlating strongly with high growth rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results demonstrate that the evolution of Endozoicomonas symbiosis in corals correlates with both disease prevalence and growth rate, and suggest a mediating role. Exploration of the mechanistic basis for these findings will be important for our understanding of how microbial symbioses influence animal life-history tradeoffs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"7 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social, environmental, and developmental factors affect the microbiota of barn owls (Tyto alba) in a cross-fostering experiment.","authors":"Ammon Corl, Motti Charter, Gabe Rozman, Sondra Turjeman, Sivan Toledo, Pauline L Kamath, Wayne M Getz, Ran Nathan, Rauri C K Bowie","doi":"10.1186/s42523-024-00365-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-024-00365-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Species host diverse microbial communities that can impact their digestion and health, which has led to much interest in understanding the factors that influence their microbiota. We studied the developmental, environmental, and social factors that influence the microbiota of nestling barn owls (Tyto alba) through a partial cross-fostering experiment that manipulated the social and nest environment of the nestlings. We then examined the nestling microbiota before and three weeks after the exchange of nestlings between nests, along with the microbiota of the adults at the nest and nestlings in unmanipulated nests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that nestlings had higher bacterial diversity and different bacterial communities than adults. The microbiota of nestlings was more like that of their mothers than their fathers, but the similarity to the father tended to increase with the amount of time the father was in close proximity to the nest, as measured from movement data. Cross-fostered offspring had higher bacterial diversity and greater changes in bacterial community composition over time than control offspring. Cross-fostering led the microbiota of the nestlings in the experiment to converge on similar bacterial communities. The microbiota of nestling owls therefore rapidly changed along with alterations to their social and nest environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results highlight the dynamic nature of the microbiota during early development and that social interactions can shape microbial communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"6 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11667991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic insights into the resistome, mobilome, and virulome of dogs with diverse lifestyles.","authors":"Nan Zhou, Weiye Chen, Luming Xia, Min Li, Huiping Ye, Chao Lv, Yiwen Chen, Zile Cheng, Tae-Jin Park, Pak-Leung Ho, Xin Gao, Xiaokui Guo, Hongjin Zhao, Huiluo Cao, Yongzhang Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s42523-024-00364-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-024-00364-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dogs-whether pets, rural, or stray-exhibit distinct living styles that influence their fecal microbiota and resistomes, yet these dynamics remain underexplored. This study aimed to analyze and compare the fecal microbiota and resistomes of three groups of dogs (37 pets, 20 rural, and 25 stray dogs) in Shanghai, China.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Metagenomic analysis revealed substantial differences in fecal microbial composition and metabolic activities among the dog groups. Pet dogs displayed the lowest microbial diversity. Using Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), an interpretable machine learning approach, Ligilactobacillus emerged as the most diverse genus, with significantly higher SHAP values in stray dogs, suggesting enhanced adaptability to more variable and less controlled environments. Across all samples, 587 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were identified, conferring resistance to 14 antibiotic classes. A striking observation was the detection of mcr-1 in one pet dog, indicating a potential public health risk. The floR gene was identified as a key differentiator in resistance profiles, particularly in pet and rural dogs, likely due to antibiotic exposure in their environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of fecal microbiota and resistome variations among dogs with different lifestyles, revealing a less resilient microbiome and heightened antimicrobial resistance in pet dogs, which could have public health implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"6 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal differences induced changes in the structure and function of the gut microbiota in an endangered ungulate.","authors":"Xiaofan Ma, Xiaoyu Hu, Kai Liu, Wei Wang, Wei Jia, Huayao Gao, Ming Lu, Jie Liu, Yunfeng Chen, Yingjie Ma, Yumei Li, Yonggang Nie","doi":"10.1186/s42523-024-00362-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-024-00362-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The composition and function of animal gut microbiota are shaped by various factors, among which diet is one of the major factors. Diet is affected by seasonal shifts and geographical differences, which in turn impact the host's nutritional levels. To adapt to these environmental changes, the gut microbiome often produces matching responses. Understanding the relationships among the environment, diet, host and the gut microbiome is helpful for exploring the environmental adaptation of wildlife. Here, we chose wild sika deer (Cervus nippon), which is composed natural allopatric populations, to explore how the environment shapes the gut microbiome and affects the relationship between microbiota composition and function and the mutual adaptation of the seasonal living environment to seasonal dietary changes. To this purpose we used DNA metabarcoding, 16S RNA gene amplification sequencing, metagenomic shotgun sequencing and nutritional analyses to comprehensively examine the relationships among the forage plant, nutrient status and host gut microbiome. Our analyses showed spatiotemporal differences in diet between the Tiebu and Hunchun regions, which ultimately led to varying intakes of protein, cellulose, and soluble sugar. The microbiome composition and function showed unique characteristics in each group, and significant differences were detected at the gene level for the protein absorption and metabolism pathway, the carbohydrate metabolic absorption pathway, and cellulase enzyme function, which are related to nutrition. We also found differences in the pathogenic bacteria and resistance mechanisms genes of the gut microbiota in different groups. Our results showed that the gut microbiome of allopatric populations adapts to changes in food composition and nutrition in different seasons and areas to help the host cope with spatiotemporal changes in the living environment. At the same time, varying levels of human activity can have potential health impacts on wild animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"6 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term dynamics of fecal microbiome and antibiotic resistance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following antibiotic treatment and withdrawal.","authors":"Min Kyo Kim, Yoonhang Lee, Jiyeon Park, Ju-Yeop Lee, Hyo-Young Kang, Young-Ung Heo, Do-Hyung Kim","doi":"10.1186/s42523-024-00361-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-024-00361-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In aquaculture, the secretions of cultured organisms contribute to the development of aquatic antibiotic resistance. However, the antibiotic-induced changes in fish feces remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the short-term dynamics of fecal microbiome and antibiotic resistance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) upon antibiotic treatment and withdrawal period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fish were orally administered diets supplemented with oxytetracycline (OTC) or sulfadiazine/trimethoprim (SDZ/TMP) for 10 consecutive days, followed by a 25-day withdrawal period. Fecal samples were collected before antibiotic treatment (day 0), and at 1, 3, 7, and 10 days post antibiotic administration (dpa), as well as 1, 3, 7, 14, and 25 days post antibiotic cessation (dpc). The fecal microbiome community was profiled using both culture-dependent and -independent methods. The relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) in the feces were quantified using real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antibiotic treatment disrupted the fecal microbial communities, and this alteration persisted even after antibiotic cessation. Moreover, OTC treatment increased the relative abundance of tet genes, while sul and dfr genes increased in the SDZ/TMP-treated group. Notably, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus exhibited a significant correlation with the abundance of ARGs, suggesting their potential role as carriers for ARGs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the antibiotic-induced changes in the fecal microbiome and the increase of ARGs in rainbow trout feces. These findings provide novel insights into the dynamics of microbiome recovery post-antibiotic cessation and suggest that fish feces provide a non-invasive approach to predict changes in the fish gut microbiome and resistome.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"6 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal study on the effects of a synbiotic supplement to Atlantic salmon diets on performance, gut microbiota and immune responses during antibiotic treatment and subsequent recovery.","authors":"Anusha K S Dhanasiri, Yanxian Li, Åshild Krogdahl, Torunn Forberg, Trond M Kortner","doi":"10.1186/s42523-024-00360-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-024-00360-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotic use has undesirable side-effects on the host, including perturbations of gut microbiota, immunity, and health. Mammalian studies have demonstrated that concomitant/post antibiotic use of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics could re-establish gut microbiota and prevent detrimental host effects. However, studies evaluating similar effects in fish are scanty. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with a synbiotic mixture on the post-smolt Atlantic salmon gut microbiota, growth performance, and health during antibiotic treatment and subsequent recovery. Fish in five tanks each were fed either a commercial control diet or a synbiotic diet containing Pediococcus acidilactici and fructo-oligosaccharides, for 6 weeks (S1). Then, fish in three tanks per treatment were fed with medicated diets, containing 3500 ppm florfenicol coated onto the control or synbiotic diets, for 2 weeks (S2) and refed with the respective nonmedicated diets for another 3 (S3) and 5 (S4) weeks of recovery period. The fish not subjected to medication were fed the control or synbiotic diets throughout the experimental period. Samples were collected at S1-S4 from both the nonmedicated and medicated fish.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Florfenicol decreased the feed intake in control group. It reduced the growth rate in both control and synbiotic groups with lesser reduction in synbiotic group. Florfenicol did not significantly affect observed taxa and Shannon indexes. Bacterial composition before and after medication clustered distinctly in control and clustered together in synbiotic groups. Lactobacillus dominated in control while Lactobacillus and Pediococcus dominated in synbiotic group during medication and recovery. Florfenicol did not significantly influence the immune or stress response marker gene expressions, though the expression patterns differed between diet groups. Florfenicol did not cause inflammation in the distal intestine or change hepatosomatic index.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlighted the negative impact of a two-week florfenicol treatment on feed intake and growth performance in Atlantic salmon, with moderate effects on gut microbiota and gene expression. Concomitant use of a synbiotic diet helped to maintain the gut microbial composition and influenced the performance positively and immune gene expressions differently during medication. This study indicates the importance of nutritional interventions through synbiotic supplementation as a possible strategy for managing Atlantic salmon during antibiotic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"6 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity of the rearing environment enhances diversity of microbial communities in intensive farming.","authors":"Roghaieh Ashrafi, Lotta-Riina Sundberg, Pekka Hyvärinen, Anssi Karvonen","doi":"10.1186/s42523-024-00359-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-024-00359-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterogeneity of the rearing environment in farmed animals can improve welfare and stocking success by enhancing natural behaviours, reducing stress, and decreasing pathogen occurrence. Although microbial diversity is often associated with well-being, their direct and indirect effects on health of farmed animals remain underexplored. We examined the impact of structural heterogeneity of aquaculture tanks on microbial communities in tank biofilm and fish gut microbiome. Enrichment (stones and shelters) significantly promoted microbial diversity and community homogeneity in tank biofilm. However, diversity of gut microbiome did not depend on rearing treatment or microbial composition of the environment. Fish in enriched tanks exhibited greater compositional variation in gut microbiome than those in standard tanks. Tanks without enrichments had higher occurrence of potentially pathogenic bacterial families (Corynebacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae), while enriched tanks had more beneficial gut microbes (Lactobacillus). Microbial diversity in tank biofilm was negatively associated with fish mortality during a natural epidemic of Flavobacterium columnare, suggesting a protective effect of diverse microbial communities. These findings support environmental enrichment in mitigating disease outbreaks through enhanced microbial diversity, providing important implications for disease control and sustainable health management in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"6 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics mitigate mucosal damages from F18⁺ Escherichia coli challenges by positively balancing the mucosal microbiota in the jejunum of young pigs.","authors":"Alexa R Gormley, Marcos Elias Duarte, Zixiao Deng, Sung Woo Kim","doi":"10.1186/s42523-024-00363-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42523-024-00363-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most prevalent causes of diarrhea in young animals. Postbiotics derived from yeast have the potential to positively influence the mucosal microbiota in the jejunum, therefore it was hypothesized that Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics could enhance the microbiota and mucosal immune response in the jejunum, mitigating the effects of infection with enterotoxigenic E. coli. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a Saccharomyces yeast postbiotic on the mucosal microbiota and mucosal immune response in the jejunum of newly weaned pigs challenged with F18⁺ E. coli.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six individually housed nursery pigs were allotted into three treatments utilizing a randomized complete block design; negative control (NC: basal diet, no challenge), positive control (PC: basal diet, challenge), and SYP (basal diet + Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics at 175 g/ton, challenge). On d 7, PC and SYP were orally inoculated with F18⁺ E. coli, whereas NC received saline. On d 28, pigs were euthanized for sampling of the jejunum to analyze the mucosal microbiota, oxidative stress, immune status, and intestinal morphology. The PC reduced (P < 0.05) growth performance compared to NC. The SYP improved (P < 0.05) fecal score from d 7-18 when compared with PC. SYP reduced (P < 0.05) protein carbonyl, reduced (P < 0.05) gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4, and increased (P < 0.05) gene expression of mammalian target of rapamycin, compared with PC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Challenge with F18⁺ E. coli negatively impacted jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota and jejunal morphology, affecting growth performance. Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics could reduce the negative effects associated with F18⁺ E. coli infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":72201,"journal":{"name":"Animal microbiome","volume":"6 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}